Active Lifestyles

To be Active

To be Inactive

Essentially how much daily exercise we take

One of the most important lifestyle choices we can make is either:

Adults should do a minimum of 30 minutes moderate-intensity physical activity, five days a week. - NHS Recommendations

As a rule of thumb, exercise of moderate intensity will make you a little warm or sweaty, and slightly out of breath, but no more than that.

We need to look at the impact of 4 main lifestyle choices on our health and Physical Performance:

•Lack of Exercise•Poor Diet•Smoking•Alcohol and Drugs

We need to look at the impact of 4 main lifestyle choices on our health and Physical Performance:

•Lack of Exercise•Poor Diet•Smoking•Alcohol and Drugs

What is meant by an active lifestyle?What is meant by an active lifestyle?

The British Darts Organisation was campaigning for their sport to be included in the 2012 London Olympics; and to that end, they've opened the Darts School of Excellence in London. It's for for kids ages 7 to 18, as England attempts to groom the next generation of great darts players.

Activities come under the three headings of:

Competitive Sport

Active Recreation/Leisure

Health and Well Being Activities

In the next 2 minutes write out as many sports, pastimes or activities as you can think of and then categorise them.

Obesity

Obesity is a major problem in the UK and the western world. But it is not the actual obesity that is killing people it the associated illnesses that arise as a result of obesity e.g. heart disease, stroke and diabetes.

Obesity is caused by Lack of Exercise

and a Poor Diet?

“Obesity reduces life expectancy by 10 years” One in four 11 to 15 year olds was classified as obese in 2004

Obesity

What are the negative affects of obesity on health?

Examiners Tip: You are asked to EXPLAIN these – the ‘man in the pub answer’ is not enough!

ATHEROSCLEROSIS: ‘Bad cholesterol’ (LDL Low density Lipoproteins)– found in saturated fats forms plaques which attach to artery and arteriole walls causing a small blockages. ‘Good Cholesterol’ (HDL – High Density Lipoproteins) helps to reduce the effect of LDL’s so if we have a good ratio of HDL:LDL cholesterols it is good for our health

ATHEROSCLEROSIS: ‘Bad cholesterol’ (LDL Low density Lipoproteins)– found in saturated fats forms plaques which attach to artery and arteriole walls causing a small blockages. ‘Good Cholesterol’ (HDL – High Density Lipoproteins) helps to reduce the effect of LDL’s so if we have a good ratio of HDL:LDL cholesterols it is good for our health

HYPERTENSION : These blockages in the arteries cause higher blood pressure known as HypertensionHYPERTENSION : These blockages in the arteries cause higher blood pressure known as Hypertension

ARTERIOSCLEROSIS : Lack of exercise can cause arteries to harden so stopping Vasodilation and vasoconstriction

ARTERIOSCLEROSIS : Lack of exercise can cause arteries to harden so stopping Vasodilation and vasoconstriction

HEART ATTACK: When a blood vessel supplying the heart becomes totally blocked or STROKE if this occurs in the brain

HEART ATTACK: When a blood vessel supplying the heart becomes totally blocked or STROKE if this occurs in the brain

DIABETES: Occurs when we are unable to control our blood sugar levels. DIABETES: Occurs when we are unable to control our blood sugar levels.

When we eat carbohydrate our blood sugar levels rise and our Pancreas releases Insulin to control this.

When we eat carbohydrate our blood sugar levels rise and our Pancreas releases Insulin to control this.

If we consume a great deal of simple carbohydrate or sugars (e.g. sweets, fizzy drinks) our blood sugar rises dramatically.

If we consume a great deal of simple carbohydrate or sugars (e.g. sweets, fizzy drinks) our blood sugar rises dramatically.

A great deal of insulin has to be released to control this sugar and over time the body becomes tolerant of the insulin and it no longer has an effect.

A great deal of insulin has to be released to control this sugar and over time the body becomes tolerant of the insulin and it no longer has an effect.

The explanation…….

The Benefits of exercise. Its effects on obesity/ health and physical performance......... regular exam question!!!

Burn off more of the calories consumed so reducing obesity. – negative energy balance

Exercise increases ratio of HDL(good) to LDL(bad) Cholesterol

Raises Basal metabolic rateMaintains higher than usual metabolic rate up to 5

hours after exerciseHelps control blood glucose levels so reducing

possibility of diabetes.Reduced blood pressure due to increased elasticity

of arteriesMaintains bone density so reduces risk of

osteoporosisCardiac hypertrophy can help reduce potential of

heart attack

SmokingCigarette smoking is the greatest single cause of illness and premature death in the UK. Smoking reduces life expectancy by up to 10 years. Smoking-related deaths are mainly due to cancers and serious heart and lung problems.

Lung Cancer: 80% of cases are smoking relatedLung Cancer: 80% of cases are smoking related

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). – a serious lung diseaseChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). – a serious lung disease

Heart disease is the biggest killer illness in the UKHeart disease is the biggest killer illness in the UK

Other conditions where smoking often causes worse symptoms include: asthma, colds, flu, chest infections etc.

Other conditions where smoking often causes worse symptoms include: asthma, colds, flu, chest infections etc.

Alcohol and DrugsIn the UK deaths due to alcohol related diseases have risen considerably over the last 20 years or so. This is because both heavy and binge drinking have become more common

Liver, stomach and heart diseasesLiver, stomach and heart diseases

High Blood pressure linked to obesityHigh Blood pressure linked to obesity

Drugs create a psychological dependence and a physical dependence. There is no illegal drug that does not have serious adverse consequences to our health and well being.

What are schools and local communities doing to reduce obesity?

The 5 Hour offer: For 5-16 year olds the government would like 2 hours high quality curriculum PE and 3 hours of sport beyond the curriculum delivered through a range of school, community and club providers

Healthier food - Jamie Oliver

PESSCL Strategy: PE and School Sports Club Links: Strengthening links between schools and clubs to move young people on through the system and encourage participation.

Sports Colleges: Promoting sport in a family of schools (Fearns)

Active England:a £100m programme, funded by Sport England and The Big Lottery Fund to support projects that increase participation.

What affects people’s Lifestyle Choices?What makes us decide whether to be active or inactive? (Factors affecting participation)

Media/ Marketing

Class

Disability/Ability

Race/Tradition

Education

Age

Money

Sex/Gender

Provision

Opportunity

Self - Esteem

Also family support and Peer pressure have a

strong impact.

For Year 13 2011-12

What affects people’s Lifestyle Choices?What makes us decide whether to be active or eat healthily, smoke or take drugs?

Media

Education

Class/Finance

Age

Race/Tradition

Individual Differences(Body Image)

Sex/Gender

Disability

Provision/availability of facilities

Family/Friends

ME CAR IS DPink Ferarri

Health: 'a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity'

Fitness: ‘ the ability to meet the demands of our environment

Exercise: ‘ planned, structured physical activity that enhances our physical, mental, and social health and fitness

Well-being: 'a state of being healthy, happy and prosperous'

Exercise is the central link between Health, Fitness and Well-being. It improves the physical, social and psychological aspects of an individual.

Exercise is the central link between Health, Fitness and Well-being. It improves the physical, social and psychological aspects of an individual.

Some often used terms and what links themSome often used terms and what links them

What provision for sport is available in our area?

What different types of activity are there and why do people participate in them?Competitive Sport: Where performance is very important. This has organised leagues, referees, marked pitches and strict rules. Sport may be a Job for some as well as competitive activity they enjoy.

Active Recreation/Leisure/:Where active participation is important rather than performance standards.

Health and Well Being: This may be due to personal choice(to improve body image or self esteem or purely enjoyment) or medical recommendation (GP Referral, cardiac rehabilitation). It can be:

a) Scientific – based on a training programme

b) Ad-hoc – unstructured – whenever you get time

Approaches to Sport/ Health Activities

Scientific:

Following a strict and scientifically based training regime with a set aim in mind

Ad-Hoc: unstructured

Training or exercising in a random fashion without any real planning or particular goal

Highly Effective but often less enjoyable Less effective but

often more enjoyable

Competitive Sport (performance)

Active Recreation

Leisure

Health, Fitness, Well-being, GP Referrals, Improving body image (enjoyment/medical/health)

May be unstructured and simple

organisation

Unscientific?

Highly Organised and structured –

leagues etc.

Representative Honours

Scientific

A Performance

Pyramid

Mass Participation – Grass Roots sportMass Participation – Grass Roots sport

Excellence – Elite SportExcellence – Elite Sport

Mass Participation

Sporting Excellence

Using a Performance Pyramid like the one above discuss the following:

• What are the motives for a performer at each level of the pyramid?

•Using an example explain how it is possible for an activity to feature at different levels of the pyramid. If so how will it be different?

Recreation/Leisure

In my chosen sport how would someone get involved locally and then what would be their development

pathway?

In my chosen sport how would someone get involved locally and then what would be their development

pathway?

Primary school or local Tots club (parental support)

Primary school or local Tots club (parental support)

Secondary school – teams or local junior

clubsRossendale Schools Team

Secondary school – teams or local junior

clubsRossendale Schools Team

Age group teams – U11, U14, U16

Age group teams – U11, U14, U16

Coach might recommend for trials

Coach might recommend for trials

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uts

from

loca

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ms

County/Regional Representation

Poss. professional club

County/Regional Representation

Poss. professional club

National Representation

National Representation

Players may also wish to follow a coaching role in their sport. This is

supported by many current initiatives and usually coaching

courses can be paid for. The Government are very keen to

develop Young Leaders especially as a legacy of the 2012 Olympics.

How is talent identified in my Sport?

Promoting Sport in the UKElite Sport

UK Sport - No Compromise - World Class Performance Pathway (Podium, Development, Talent)

Talent Identification Team:

Girls for Gold

Tall and Talented

Fighting Chance

Paralympic Potential

EIS Support for Athletes

Mass Participation

Sport England – Grow, Sustain, Excel

NGB – Grow their sport – Active people survey

School Sports Partnerships: SSCO, PESSYP/ PESSCL

‘The 5 hour offer’

“Playground to podium” – nurturing disabled young people and adults with potential to be elite athletes.

National Lottery Funding and money from Central Government(DCMS) – CCPR represents sport to government

AgeOverall, according to self-reported data, 39% of men and 29% of women met the government’s physical activity recommendations (30 minutes moderate physical

activity, 5 times a week) in 2008. Objective accelerometer data, collected for the first time in 2008, showed that actually only 6% of men and 4% of women met the

recommendations. Self-reported data is influenced by the respondent’s ability to accurately recall and assess their physical activity

How have leisure patterns changed in

the last 15 years

Reasons for reduced participation in sport

Reasons For Increased Participation

• INCREASED LEISURE TIME - people nowadays have much more leisure time than in the past.

• Some people like to spend this time visiting health and fitness clubs whilst others prefer a walk in the countryside.

• People are much more mobile now so a visit to the seaside for example is easy to access.

• There are several reasons for this increase in leisure time.

• THE SHORTER WORKING WEEK - in the UK today workers work 37 hours per week or less. During the 1960’s it was common to work between 40 and 44 hours.

• TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES - technology has reduced the hours it used to take to do many jobs. There are also other benefits for example advances in medicine has meant people are living longer and therefore able to take part in leisure and sporting activities beyond retirement age.

• EARLY RETIREMENT - more people now take an early retirement than ever before

• UNEMPLOYMENT - unemployment gives people time to take part in sport and leisure activities. However money can be an issue.

Exam Style Questions 1. Explain why cholesterol lipoprotein ratios are an important indicator of the health status of an individual? (4)

 2. Explain three potential health risks associated with a high percentage of body fat. (6)

  

3. Explain how various national and local authority schemes are being used in your local schools and wider communities to improve the health status of the population. (6)

 4. Competitive sport, active recreation and a balanced diet are seen as key factors in promoting health, fitness and well-being. Why are active recreation and balanced diet key factors in combating obesity in the UK? (6)

5. Using appropriate examples, what have been the main influences on your lifestyle choices? (6)

 6. Explain the provision and athlete/player development pathway that is available for a competitive sport in your locality. (4)

 7. Government health figures indicate that approximately 1.7 million children will be obese in the U.K. by 2010.Explain the potential health risks to these children in later life and what lifestyle choices could reduce the estimated obesity figures. (10)