LIFE SCIENCE GRADE 12

THE GENOMES

NAME : SELEKA KARYN MOEMA STUDENT NO : 802032133

The genome example

Definition

Every organism, including humans, has a genome that contains all of the biological information needed to build and maintain a living example of that organism. The biological information contained in a genome is encoded in its deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and is divided into discrete units called genes. Genes code for proteins that attach to the genome at the appropriate positions and switch on a series of reactions called gene expression.

The Physical Structure of the Human Genome

Activities , Ill-defined

What are Genome ,DNA,RNA ,in this activity learners are required to define and compare this terms according to their understanding and compare to the one in the notes

complex, sustained tasksName:________________________________________Due Date________Genetics Project - Design a SpeciesObjective: Genetics follows certain rules, as illustrated by punnet squares, principles of dominance and recessiveness, and rules related to the location of alleles on the chromosomes. You are going to design your own imaginary species, and create traits for the species that follow genetic rules that you have already studied.The creature should have at least 5 genetic traits from the following list. You are free to create whatever traits you like (such as hair color, size, shape, or other features) • 2 Single-allele traits • 1 Codominant trait • 1 Multiple allele trait• 1 Sex linked traitYour final project should have the following elements:1. Describe or sketch each of the traits from the list, listing genotypes and phenotypes for each. 2. Sketch two examples of your creature – one male and one female. The two examples must have different genotypes. Each sketch should have the genotype listed for all traits. 3. Pick one of your single allele traits and create a sample pedigree for your creature. The pedigree should include at least 4 generations. 4. Show a dihybrid cross using your 2 single allele traits—ex: AaBb x AaBb). List the phenotypic ratios.5. Create 5 practice problems, using any of the traits. These should be word problems. Do not just write Aa x Aa.

Multiple perspectivesAlleleLength of DNA on a chromosome normally encoding for a polypeptideGeneThe genetic composition of an organismGenotypeCondition in which the alleles of a particular gene are differentHeterozygousA group of genetically identical organisms formed from a single parent as a result of asexual reproduction or artificial meansCloneThe number of times an allele occurs within the gene poolAllele FrequencyA term applied to cells in which the nucleus contains two sets of chromosomesDiploid (2n)Total number of alleles in a particular population at a specific timeGene poolCondition in which the alleles of a particular gene are identicalHomozygousTerm used to describe a gene that has more than two possible allelesMultiple AllelesA term applied to an allele that is always expressed in the phenotype of an organism

Dominant AlleleThe characteristics of an organism, often visible, resulting from both its genotype and the effects of its environmentPhenotypeA homozygous organism with two dominant allelesHomozygous DominantA change to a phenotype not inherited by future generationsModificationThe abbreviation for deoxyribose nucleic acidDNAReproductive (sex) cell that fuses with another of the same type of cell during fertilisationGameteA homozygous organism with two recessive allelesHomozygous RecessiveThe condition in which the effect of an allele is apparent in the phenotype of a diploid organism only in the presence of another identical alleleRecessive AlleleA change in the sequence of bases in DNAMutationTerm referring to cells that contain only a single copy of each chromosomeHaploidCondition in which both alleles for one gene in a heterozygous organism contribute to the phenotypeCo-dominanceOne form of a gene

Real-world relevance Genetic crosses. For each cross below: • Work out the chances of having a child with blue eyes • Work out the chances of having a child with brown eyes • Explain how you know. Use the terms heterozygous/homozygous in your answer.

Cross 1 Father Mother Phenotype blue eyes blue eyes Genotype bb bb

Cross 2 Father Mother Phenotype brown eyes brown eyes Genotype BB BB

Cross 3 Father Mother Phenotype brown eyes brown eyes Genotype Bb BB

Cross 4 Father Mother Phenotype brown eyes brown eyes Genotype Bb Bb

Cross 5 Father Mother Phenotype blue eyes brown eyes Genotype bb Bb

Cross 6 Father Mother Phenotype blue eyes brown eyes Genotype bb BB

Authentically assessed

Name: _______________________________________ Q1. This is the Campbell family. The parents both have

black hair (Bb). Some of their children have red hair (bb) but most have black hair (Bb/BB)

. Explain how variation has occurred, referring to the genes

for hair colour. How do the Campbells come to have children with a selection of hair colours.

Q2. How could genes lead to variation within a species?> Q3.What would happen if we were all clones of our mother and father rather than a genetic combination of an egg and a sperm cell?

Authentically assessed

How the characteristics are used

, Ill-defined ,learner where asked to define ,genome ,RNA, and DNA in their own words and relate to the notes given in class.

complex, sustained tasks.leaner to be in their group of five to help each ather with the project designed to them

Multiple perspective, learner to much the colmn Real world relevence ,learner to do this exaple to see

if they can compare it to the real world by doing this example provided to them

Authentic assessed , learner where tested on writing a pannet squere to test if they can tell how many in the family do they have black hair