life of companions of holy prophet muhammad pbuh vol. 3

7/30/2019 Life of Companions of Holy prophet Muhammad PBUH VOL. 3

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212 THE LIWS OF HE SAHABAH '@!%5&2jvol-I)In the meanwhile, Hadhrat Umar- as in the company of a group ofSahabah i$3Wj ho w ere busy d iscussing the B attle of Badr. They spoke abo utthe victory that Allaah had blessed them with and the defeat of their enemy thath la a h had shown them. As they spok e, Hadhrat Umar%@#%j noticed Umayr binW ahab settling his camel a t the d oo r of the M asjid and carrying a sw ord arou ndhis neck. Hadhrat Umar3,Wj xclaimed, "That dog and enemy of Allaah Umayrbin Wahab is up to no good. It was he who caused trouble during the Battle ofBadr and w ho estimated ou r num bers for the enemy."

Umayr bin Wahab With RasulullaahHadhrat Umar 53W!25 then came to Rasulullaah @i% and said, "0 Nabi of Allaah!The enemy of Allaah Umayr bin Wahab has come with a sword hanging from hisneck. Rasulullaah @$& said, "Allow him to meet me." Hadhrat Umar %%%!23grabbed hold of the handle of Umayr bin Wahab's sword and pulled him towardsRasulullaah by the collar. He then said to the men of the Ansaar w ho werewith him, "Go to Rasulullaah and sit with him. Watch this wre tch closely forhe cannot be trusted." He then brought Umayr bin Wahab to Rasulullaah m.When Rasulullaah @# saw him with Hadhrat Umar 4%$3&!&julling him by thehand le of his sword a t his collar, Rasulullaah &@! said , "Leave him, 0 Umar! Youmay come closer, 0 Umayr."When Umayr bin Wahab came closer to Rasulullaah @$& he greeted with thewords, "Blessed is your morning." This w as th e man ner in which people greetedduring the Period of Ignorance. Rasulullaah @& said, "Allaah has blessed uswith a greeting better than your greeting, 0 Umayr. He has blessed us with thegreeting of Salaam which is the greeting of the people of Jannah." 'Well," saidUmayr, "By Allaah! This is new to me, 0 Muhammad." Rasulullaah w asked,'What brings you here, 0 Umayr?" Umayr replied, "I have come regarding thisprisoner th at you have with you. Please be kind to him." Rasulullaah @% asked,'Why then the sword a rou nd your neck?" Umayr cursed, "These swords! Havethey ever done u s an y good?!" Rasulullaah @i% said, "Tell me the truth. Whathave you co me for?" "I have come only for this," lied Umayr.Rasulul laah @& the n sa id t o h im, 'You and ' Safwaan bin Umayyah w eresitt ing in th e H ateem a nd discussing wha t had happened t o the people of thewell when you said, 'Had it not been for my debts and the family I have, Iw o u l d h a v e g o n e t o k il l M u h a m m a d w.' a f w a a n t h e n a s s u m e dresponsibility for your debts and your family if you would kill me. However,Allaah s tand s between you and I."

Umayr bin Wahab Accepts Islaam and GivesDa'wah to the People of MakkahUmayr exclaimed, "I test i fy that you are cer tainly the Rasool of Allaah. 0Rasulullaah @%! We used to treat as a lie everything that you brought to usfrom the heavens and the revelation that descended on you. However, this is amatter that none witnessed but Safwaan and I . By Allaah! I am convinced that


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THE LIVES OF THE SAHABAH @G&!&j (Vol-I) 213no ne b eside s Allaah cou ld have brou ght you this ne ws. All prais es belo ng t oAllaah Who has guided me to Islaam and has pulled me in this way." He thenrecited the Shahaadah of truth. Rasulullaah @% said to the Sahabah W,Wj,"Educa te your b ro ther a bou t h i s Deen , t each h im the Q ur 'aan a nd f ree h i sprisoner." iWhen the Sahabah W,- had done as they were commanded, Hadhrat Umayr!WW6 said, "0 Rasulullaah @@! I made tremendous efforts to extinguish theDeen of Allaah and I used to cau se great harm to those w ho followed the Deen ofAllaah. I would now like you t o permit m e to g o to Makkah and invite the peopletowards Allaah, H is Rasool @@ an d Islaam. Perhaps Allaah shall guide them . Ifthey d o no t accept, I shall cause harm to them because of their religion a s I usedto cause h arm to your co mp anion s because of their Deen." Rasulullaah @% gavehis permission an d he arrived in Makkah.After Hadhrat Umayr %'@Wjad left Makkah, Safwaan bin Umayyah had beentelling the people, "Rejoice at t he news tha t will com e to you in a few days, wh ichwil l make you forget the incident of Badr." Safwaan used to enquire aboutHadhrat Umayr 5XW6 rom every traveller (com ing from M adinah) so m eo nearrived and informed him that Hadhrat Umayr @G= had accepted Is laam.Safwaan then took an oath saying that he will never speak to Umayr again andwill never d o him any good turn. ('1

A Large Number of People Accept Islaam at theHands of Hadhrat Umayr %Gm

Ibn Jar eer h as a lso narra ted this incident from H adhrat Urwa B , G W but with theaddition that when Hadhrat Umayr- rrived in Makkah, he stayed thereinviting people to Islaam and harassing those w ho opp osed him. A large numbe rof people accepted Islaam a t his han ds. ( 2 )The Comment of Hadhrat Umar %%&!%Concerning

> , , I the Conversion of Hadhrat Umayr tHadhrat Urwa bin Zubayr WWi4 has als o reported a narration which s tate s thatthe Muslims were overjoyed when Hadhrat Umayr bin Wahab ?3dw acceptedIslaam. Hadhrat Umar %l!3Wj sed to say, "There is no doubt that I liked a pigm ore tha n him th e day he arrived. However, today he is more beloved to m e thanso m e of my own children." (3)Hadhrat Arnr bin Umayyah 5Bl3Wj narrates that when Hadhrat Umayr ~ , -returned to Makkah after accepting Islaam, he proceeded straight to his housewithout meeting Safwaan bin Umayyah. He made it public that he had accepted(1) Ibn Is'haaq a s quoted in AIBidaaya wan Nihaaya (Vo1.3 Pg.313).(2) Kanzul Ummaal (Vo1.7 Pg.81). Tabraani has narrated a similar report and Haythami (Vo1.8 Pg.286)ha s verified that the chain of narra tors is sound.(3)Tabraani has also narrated a similar report from Hadhrat Anas WV&%. aythami (Vo1.8 813.287)has commented on the chain of narrators. Ibn Mandah has also narrated it but Isaaba (Vo1.3

Pg.36) has commentary o n the chain of narrators.


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214 THEUVES OF THE SAHABAH '@@@%Vol-I)Islaam and started inviting people to Islaam. When this news reached Safwaan,he said, 'When he went to his family before coming to me, I knew that Umayrhad become involved in the very thing he feared and had forsaken his religion. Ishall never speak to him again and never do a good turn to him or his family."As Safwaan stood in the Hateem one day, Hadhrat GmayrWWj called for him.When Safwaan ignored him, Hadhrat Umayr ?B- said to him, 'You are one o four leaders. Tell me. When we worshipped stones and sacrificed animals forthem, was this any religion? I testify that there is none worthy of worship butAllaah and that Muhammad @@is Allaah's servant and Rasul." Safwaan did notutter a word in response. ( ' 1 The effort Hadhrat Umayr Sw made to getSafwaan to accep't lslaam has already been mentioned. (2)

HadhratAbu Hurayra !i3w Gives Da'wah to hisMother and She Accepts Islaam

Hadhrat Abu Hurayra 5$@&% says that he used to invite his mother to Islaamwhen she was still a Mushrik. One day as he was giving her the Da'wah, sh e toldhim things about Rasulullaah @i%#hat he did not like. He went crying toRasulullaah @% and said, " 0 Rasulullaah w!When I invite my mother toIslaam, she refuses to accept. When I did so today, she told me things about youtha t I did n ot l ike. Pray to Allaah t o gu ide the mo the r of Abu Hurayra."Rasulullaah made du'aa saying, "0 llaah! Guide the mother of AbuHurayra."Hadhrat Abu Hurayra 3ii@@!3 narrates fur ther , "Happy wi th the du 'aa ofRasulullaah @@, I left'but when 1 tried to open the door of the house, I found itlocked. Hearing my footsteps, my mother shouted, 'Stay where you are, 0 AbuHurayra.' I then heard the pattering of water (as my mother took a bath to acceptIslaam). She then wore her clothes and hastily donned a scarf. She opened thedoor and said, '0Abu Hurayra!

' I testify th at th ere is non e worthy of worship bu t Allaah and thatMuhammad @% is Allaah's Rasul."'Hadhrat Abu Hurayra $&GWj ays that he then returned to Rasulullaah @@ andinformed him about wha t had happened. W u lu ll aah praised Allaah andmade du'aa in their favour. (3)According to another narration, Hadhrat Abu Hurayra- sed to say, "ByAllaah! Whenever any male or female Muslim hears my name, they take aliking to me." "How do you know this?" the narrator asked. He then mentionedthat he used to invite his mother to Islaam and the narration continues like theone mentioned above. However, this narration states at the end, "I then hurried(1) Waaqidi as quoted in Isti'aab (Vo1.2 Pg.486).( 2 ) Refer to the subheading "Hadhrat Safwaan bin Umayyah %83@!% accepts Islaam" in the chapter

concerning the conquest of Makkah.(3)Muslim as well as Ahrnad as mentioned in lsaaba (Vo1.4 Pg.241)


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THE LIVES OF THE SAHABAH @&= (Vol-I) 215back to Rasulullaah @@ crying out of happiness as I had been crying out ofsorrow earlier. I said, 'Hear the good news. Allaah has accepted your du'aa andhas guided the mother of Abu Hurayra to Islaam.' I then added, '0 Rasulullaah@%! Pray to Allaah to m ake my mo ther and I beloved to every Mu'min male a ndIfemale.' Rasulullaah @%!$made du'aa saying, '0 llaah! Make this little servantof Yours and his mother beloved to every Mu'min male and female.' Thereforewhenever any m ale or female 'Muslim h ears my nam e, they take a l iking tome."(')

JHadhrat Ummu Sulaym Gives Da'wahHadhrat Ummu Sulayrn L%%!& Invites Hadhrat Abu Talha to Is laam when h eProposes t o Her and h e Accepts IslaamHadhrat Anas ?&W% arrates that before he accepted Islaam, ~ a d h r a t bu Talha%,= proposed for Hadhrat Ummu Sulaym LiBG#%. She said to him, "0 buTalha! Do you not know that the god you worship is a tree growing from theground?" He replied, "I d o indeed." She then said , "Do you no t feel asham ed towo rship a tree? If you accept Islaam, I require no oth er dowry from you." HadhratAbu Talha Bw said that he would ponder over the matter and left. He latercame back an d said:

"I test ify th a t there i s no ne worthy of worship but Al laah and thatMuhammad &$?@is Allaah's Rasul."

Hadhrat Ummu Sulaym tZU&&j then said (to her son ), " 0 Anas! Get Abu Talhamarried." Hadhrat Anas- hen conducted the Nikaah. ( 2 )The Da'wah that The Sahabah mgI;Lo&5Gave to Various Tribes and ArabsThe Da'wah Hadhrat Dimaam bin Tha'laba Gave to

the Banu Sa'd bin Bakr TribeHadhrat Abdullaah bin Abbaas 4 narrates that the Banu Sa'd bin Bakr tribese nt H adhrat Dimaam bin Tha'laba ?iSW%s their representative to Rasulullaahw . hen he arrived (in Madinah), he seated h is camel at he doo r of the Masjidand tied it up. He then ente red the Masjid where Rasulullaah wa s sittingwi t h t he S a ha ba h %L43WW Hadhrat Dimaam S,W?3 as a large, hairy andheavily built man. He went forward and stood before Rasulullaah @% and theS a ha ba h W ,W j . He the n ask ed , "Which of you is the desc endan t of AbdulMuttalib?" R asulullaah k%?% eplied, "I am the descendant of Abdul Muttalib." "Arey o u M u h a m m a d ? " H a d h r a t D i m a am %%W5c l a r i f i ed . "Yes , " conf i rmedRasulullaah @%.Hadhrat Dimaam ~,G,G% then said, "0 descendant of Abdul Muttalib! I want to(1 ) Ibn Sa'd (Vo1.4 Pg.328).(2) hmad. Ibn Sa'd has also narrated a similar report as mentioned in Isaaba (Vo1.4Pg.461).


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216 THE LIVES OF T H E SAHABAH Val-I)ask you s om e questions and I will be very blunt. So please d o no t ta ke offence."Rasulu l laah m said, "I will not take offence. You may ask whatever youplease." Hadhrat Dimaam BSw said, "I ask you in th e nam e of tha t Allaah Whois your deity, the deity of those before you and the deity of those coming afteryou . H as Allaah se nt you to us?" ~ a s u l u l l a a l t ' ~eplied, "Yes, by Allaah!"Hadhrat Dimaam %l!i%%jsked further, "I ask you in th e n am e of tha t Allaah Whois your deity, the deity of those before you and the deity of those coming afteryou. H as Allaah commanded you to instruct us that we sho uld worship only HeWho is The One and that we should not ascribe anyone as par tner t o '~ im ? "Hadhrat Dimaam !&U&%hen enquired, "I ask you in the name of that AllaahWho is your deity, the deity of those before you and the deity of those comingafter you. Has Allaah issued the command to you that we should perform thesefive salaahs?" Rasulullaah @?% again responded by saying, 'Yes, by Allaah!" Inth is manner , Hadhrat Dimaam %JB3 asked a bo ut eac h of the Faraa 'idh ofI s laam, ab ou t zakaah , f a st ing , Hajj a s we ll a s the o th e r in junc t ions o f theShari'ah. Each time he asked about any Fardh injunction, he asked Rasulullaah@@$in th e na m e of Allaah a s he had do ne initially. When he had completed thequestioning, he said:

"I testify that there is no ne wor thy of worship bu t Allaah an d tha tMuhammad@%i%s Allaah's Rasul."He said further, "I sha ll fulfil all these Faraa'idh an d ab stain from everything youhave forbidden. Neither shall I add to this, nor reduce anything." He then wen t tohis camel to return home. Rasulullaah @%%commented, "If this man with twolocks of long hair is truthful, h e sh all definitely enter Jan nah."The Banu Sa'd Accept Islaam and the Statement ofHadhrat Abdullaah bin Abbaas %W&jConcerningHadhrat Dimaam $&lBWj

Hadhrat Dimaam %l!3@&ent to his camel, untied the rope and then rode awayuntil h e reached his people. The first thing he said was, "Laat an d Uzza are m ostterrible!" The peo ple sa id , "Do no t say t h i t Dimaam! Beware of w hit e liver!Bew are of leprosy! Bew are of insanity!(The ido ls will inflict you w ith th e sediseases for saying this)." Hadhrat Dimaam B,= said t o them , "Shame on you!By Allaah! These tw o idols can neither d o harm nor give benefit. Allaah ha s se nt aRasul and revealed a book to him to save you from what you are involved in. Itestify tha t there is non e worthy of worship but Allaah an d th at M uhammad @@is Allaah's s erva nt an d R asul. I have just com e from him with th e details of thingshe ha s comm anded and tho se that he has forbidden."The na rrato r of the reports sta tes , "By Allaah! By the sa m e evening every maleand female p resen t w i th Hadhra t D imaam WWi$w as a Musl im. Ha dhratAbdullaah bin Abbaas %iW#Mtates, "we have never heard of any representative


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THE LIVES OF THE SAHABAH @Gw (Vol -I ) 21 7of h is t r ibe who was nobler than Hadhrat Dimaam bin Tha ' laba BGw. Anarration of Waaqidi mentions that by the same evening every male and femalepresent with Hadhrat Dimaam ? 2 1G i w as a Muslim and th at they built M asaajidand called out th e Adhaan for salaah .

Hadhrat Arnr bid Murrah Juhani !&%Gives Da'wah to his Peop l eThe Dream Hadhrat Amr bin Murrah a,E#j&j'hadAbout the Risaalat of Rasulullaah @@

Hadhrat Amr bin Murrah S,Gw narrates that he once performed Hajj with agroup of his people during t.he Period of Ignorance. While in Makkah he had adream in which he saw a l igh t r i s ing f rom the Kabah which ex tended i t sillumination to the mo unta ins of Yathrib (now called M adinah) an d the Ash'armo unta ins in th e region of the Juh ay na tribe. He also heard a voice in the lightsaying , "Darkness ha s been d i spersed , l igh t ha s sp read and the s ea l o f theAmbiyaa has been sent." He then saw another light which illuminated for himthe palaces of Heera and white buildings of Madaa'in. He again heard a voice inthe light which said, "Islaam has become manifest, the idols are destroyed andfamily ties ar e fostered." He then w oke up with a fright and said t o his people, "ByAllaah!- Something astounding is going to take place amongst the tribe of theQuraysh." He then related the dream t o them.

Hadhrat Amr bin Murrah B4t3@&3MeetsRasulullaah and Accepts Islaam

When Hadhrat Amr bin Murrah B,G= reached his locality, the news reachedhim tha t a p erson called Ahmad ha s been s ent a s a Rasul. He left home an d cam eto Rasulul laah @@. When he informed Rasulullaah ab ou t h is dream ,Rasulullaah @% said, "0 mr bin Murrah! I am the M su l of Allaah sent to allof mankind. I invite you to Islaam and command you to protect life, to fostergood family ties, to wo rsh ip Allaah Alone, to forsake idols, to perform Hajj to th eKabah and to fast during Ramadhaan which is one of the twelve months of theyear.' Whoever accepts this shall have Jan nah and whoever disobeys shall havethe fire of Jahannam. Accept Imaan, 0 Amr bin Murrah and Allaah shall rescueyou from the terror of Jah ann am ."Ha dhrat Amr bin Mu rrah !&@%!&j said, "I testify that there is none wor thy ofwo rship but Allaah a nd tha t you a re Allaah's Rasul. I believe in everything Halaaland Haraam that you have brought even though a great number of people rejectit. The tribe of Hadhrat Amr bin Murrah W3W had an idol and it wa s his fatherw ho tended to it. However, Hadhrat Amr bin Murrah 3,w broke the idol beforecoming to meet Rasulullaah m. After acc eptin g Isla am ,) Ha dhra t Amr bin( I ) Ibn Is'haaq, Ahrnad an d Abu Dawood a s quote d in A1Bidaaya wan Nihaaya (Vo1.5 Pg.60) . Haakimha s also reported it in his Mustadrak ('01.3 Pg.54) with commentary. Imaam Dhahabi h as ve~if iedthe authenticity of the narration .


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218 TW E LIVES OF THE SAHABAH @%= (Vol-1)Murrah %W&6hen recited to Rasulullaah some couplets he had composedwhen he heard of Rasulullaahm. hese are translated as follows:'7 testify that AIIaah is True and without doubt/ am the first to forsake the gods ofstone/ have folded up my trousers to migrate JOver dificult roads and inhospitable lands / travel toyou (0RasululIaah@%%DTObe in the company ofhim who is the best ofpeople in personality and lineageWho is the messenger of the King of mankind and of everything above theheavens"Rasulullaah congratulated him on these couplets

Rasulullaah @%%Sends Hadhrat Amr bin Murrah!&iiWj to Give .Dalwahto his People and Advises HimHadhrat Arnr bin Murrah &@@& then said to Rasulullaah @@, "May my parentsbe sacrificed for you! Do send me to my people. Perhaps Allaah shall bestow Hisgrace on them through me a s He has bestowed His grace on me through you."When Rasulullaah @@ sent him, he first advised him saying, "Always adoptgentleness and honest speech. Never be ill-tempered, proud or jealous."Hadhrat Amr bin Murrah ?i%!3%%hen went to his people and said, "0 Rifaa'ah or

I should rather say 0 gathering of the Juhayna tribe! I am the messenger of theRasul of Allaah. I invite you to accept Islaam and command you to protect life, tofoster good family ties, to worship Allaah Alone, to forsake idols, to perform Hajjto the Kabah and to fast during Ramadhaan, which is one of the twelve monthsof the year. Whoever accepts this shall have Jannah and whoever disobeys shallhave the fire of Jahannam. 0 gathering of the Juhayna! Allaah has made you thebest of the Arab tribes and even during the Period of Ignorance you detested theevil practices of that other Arab tribes liked. They used to join two sisters in onemarriage, wage wars during the sacred months and succeed their fathers ashusbands of their mothers. Accept the call of the Nabi that Allaah has sent fromthe lineage of Luway bin Ka'b and you will attain the honour of this world andgreat distinction in the Aakhirah."Only one person came to him saying, "0Amr bin Murrah! May Allaah make yourlife bitter! Do you command us to forsake our gods and to create divisions withinourselves. Do you command us to oppose the religion of our forefathers whowere all of extremely high character and to adopt the religion towards which theperson of the Quraysh from the people of Tihaamah is calling? We have neitherlove for him nor any respect. The wretch then proceeded to say the followingcouplets, which mean:'Tbn Murrah has come with a statementA statement that cannot be from one who wshes reformationI am sure that the words and actions of hn MurrahShallprove to be a lump in the throat even though some time may elapseHe makes fools of our noble predecessors


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THE LIVES OF T H E SAHABAH @ (Vol-I) 219And whoever dares to do this can never attain success"Hadhrat Amr bin Murrah 4 sa id to the man , "May Allaah make life bitter forthe o ne who is lying from the two of us. May Allaah m ake him dum b and blind a swell." A narra tor says , "By Allaah! Before the m an died , he lost all this teeth, hebecame blind, went insane a nd h a s unable to taste any food."Hadhrat Amr bin Murrah !BG@%Comes to

Rasulullaah @?@with Those from his Tribe who5' 9IWvAccepted Islaam and Rasulullaah &&& has a Letter

Written for themHadhrat Amr bin Murrah S,Wi eft his locality with those of his people whoaccepted Islaam and came to Rasulullaah w. asulullaah @@ greeted theman d welcomed them . He als o had th e following letter written to their people:

In the name of Allaah The Most Kind The Most MercifulThis is a lette r from the Mighty Allaah, expressed on th e ton gue of HisRasool wh o h as come with the absolute truth a nd a Book that spe aksthe truth.It is ent ruste d with Amr bin M urrah an d ad dressed to th e Juhayna binZaid tribe.You may have for yourselves the low-lying land s an d plains a s well asthe hills an d backs of the valleys. You may also tend its crops an d drinkits water. All this is 'on condition that you pay one-fifth of booty,perform five sa laa hs , give two go ats (a s zak aah ) for every flock of she epor goats when they are together (and they number between 120 and200) an d on e goat for every flock that is sepa rate (and number between40 and 119).There shall be no zakaah on animals used for ploughingfields and for drawing water. Allaah and all the Muslims present arewitness to this settlement between us.

Hadhrat Qais bin Sham maas~ ,W jrote this letter. ( ' IHadhrat Urwa bin Mas'ood~ , GWivesDa'wah to the Thaqeef Tribe

Hadhrat Urwa bin Mas'ood~ ~ ~ & %ccepts Islaam,Gives Da'wah to his People and they Kill himHadhrat Urwa bin Zubayr- ar ra tes tha t when the Musl ims s t a r t edperforming Hajj during the ninth year after Hijrah, Hadhrat Urwa bin Mas'ood?&W&jam e t o Rasulullaah @$%s a Muslim. When he requested permission togo back to his people to preach Islaam, Rasulullaah @@ said, "I fear that they(1) Rooyaani and Ibn Asaakir as mentioned in Kanzul Ummaal (Vo1.7 Pg.64). Abu Nu'aym has alsoreported it in length as quoted in A1 Bidaaya wan Nihaaya (Vo1.2 Pg.351). Tabraan i has al so

narrated it as mentioned in Majma (Vo1.8 Pg.244).


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220 THE LIVES OF THE SAHABAH @g#&.3 (Vol - I )will kill you." He said, "(They have s o mu ch resp ect for m e th at) If they find m easleep, they would no t even' wake me up." Rasulullaah w permitted him andhe returned to his people.It was at night when he returned and all the people of the Thaqeef tribe came togree t h im. However, whe n he star te d cal ling rlhem to Islaam, they level ledaccusations against him, became furious a t him, swore a t him a nd finally killedhim. Rasulullaah @& said , "Urwa's example is like that of the person of SurahYaaseen wh o called his people towards Allaah and they killed him." (' IHadhrat Urwa bin Mas'ood% ~ wecomes Happy

with his Martyrdom and Advises his PeopleNum erous scholars have reported this narration a t length. Their reports mentionthat Hadhrat Urwa bin Mas'ood reached hom e a t night and we nt LO Mshouse. The people of the


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THE LIVES OF THE SAHABAH @,=3 (Vol-I) 22 1Hadhrat Tufayl bin Arnr Dowsi akG@&Gives Da'wah to his PeopleHadhrat Tufayl bin Amr $%%%G Arrives in Makkah

and His ~ x ~ e r i e n c eith the QurayshMuhammad bin Is'hqaq says that despite the harsh treatment that Rasulullaah@T% sa w his people mete out to him, he exerted 911 his efforts to guide them andto save them from the evi ls they were involved in. When Allaah protectedRasulullaah w f rom them, the Quraysh s ta r ted warning the Arabs aboutRasulullaah @% when they came to meet him. Hadhrat Tufayl bin Arnrwas a highly respected and intelligent poet. He narrates that when he arrived inMakkah ,during the time w hen Rasulullaah @%%was still living there, some menfrom the Q uraysh came to him and ask ed, "0 Tufayl! You have come to our city.This person amongst us has caused us great difficulty and has disunited us. Hisspeech is bewi tching and he h as caused divis ion be tween fa thers and so ns ,between b rothers an d between husban d an d wife. We fear that you an d your tribeshould not suffer as we have. Do not speak to him and do not even listen tohim."Hadhrat Tufayl%U+WGsays, "By Allaah! They did not let go of me until I resolvednot to hea r anything R asulullaahw aid and not to speak to him. I even wentto the extent of stuffing pieces of wool in my ears when I proceeded to theMasj id the fol lowing morning, fearing that any of his words may reach mewitho ut m e intentionally listening to him."

Hadhrat Tufayl bin Amr !&%iwjccepts IslaamHadhiat Tufayl bin Amr%Ways, "when I went to th e Masjid in th e morning,Rasulullaah @%%was standing there, performing salaah near the Kabah. I stoodclose to him and Allaah destined that I should hear some of his words. What Iheard were excellent words and I said to myself, 'Shame on you! I am supposedto be an intelligent poet who can distinguish between good and bad. Whatprevents me from listening to what this man has to say? If what he says isgood, I shall accept and if it is not, I shall ignore it.'"Hadhrat Tufayl4= the n waited until Rasulullaah @% left for home. He thenfollowed Rasulullaah @%$ and met him when h e entered his house . He then toldRasulullaah @?%what the Quraysh had told him and added, "By Allaah! Theywere s o convincing that I even plugged my ears with wool s o that I do not hearyour words. Thereafter, Allaah destined that I shou ld listen to you. What I heardwere excellent words indeed. Present to me your case." Rasulullaah @% thenpresented Islaam to him and recited the Qur'aan to him. Hadhrat Tufaylremarked, "I swear by Allaah that I have never heard words more beautiful(than the Q ur'aan) nor any matter a s balanced (as Islaam)."After acceptingIslaam and reciting the Shahaadah, Hadhrat Tufayl BWj said, "0 Rasulullaah@@! My people obey me so I shall return to them and invite them to Islaam.


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222 THE LIVES OF T H E SAHABAH m,%&&3Vol-I)Pray to Allaah to g ran t me a s ign w hich wil l assi s t me in invit ing them."Rasulullaah made du'aa saying, "0Allaah! Grant him a sign."

Hadhrat Tufayl%WWjReturns to his People toInvite them to Islaam and Aljaah Assists him by

Granting him a SignHadhrat Tufayl B- says that he then went to his people and was at a valleyfrom which he could see the people present there when a light radiated frombetween his eyes like a lantern. He then prayed, "0 llaah! Not o n my facebecause my people will think that this is a form of punishment affecting myface becau se I had left my religion." He narrates further, 'The light then movedto the top of my whip. The people present then showed each other the light onmy whip which resembled a suspended lantern a s I descended the valley towardsthem . When I reached them it was still morning."Hadhrat Tufayl ~ L ~ W jnvites his Father and Wife

to Islaam and they Both AcceptHadhrat Tufayl !i$!%B.jarrates that when he came to his people, his father w howas an extremely old man came to him. Hadhrat Tufayl WZsWG said, "Keep awayfrom me, 0 father because you are not mine and I am not yours." 'Why is it, 0beloved son ?" his father asked. H adhrat Tufayl %%&!& replied, " ~ e c a u s e haveaccepted Islaam and am a follower of Muhammad w."is father said, "Yourreligion is mine." His father then took a bath, cleaned his clothes and cameback t o Had hrat Tufayl w ho presented Is laam t o him. He acceptedIslaam.When his wife came to him, Hadhrat Tufayl B,w said to her, "Keep away fromme for I am not yours and you are not mine." 'Why is it? May my parents besacrificed for you!" Hadhrat Tufayl BG&% replied, "Islaam ha s separate d me fromyou." She als o accepted Islaam. H adhrat Tufayl !X$&Z further says that when heinvited the rest of the Dows tribe to Islaam, they displayed reluctance.Rasulullaah rnMakes Du'aa for the Dows Tribe

After Which They Accept Islaam and Come toRasulullaah rnAlong with Hadhrat Tufayl B%iMjHadhrat Tufayl h then went to Rasulullaah w in Makkah and said, "0Nabi of Allaah! The Dows tribe has overpowered me. Please invoke Allaah'scurses o n them." (Instead) Rasulullaah @$% prayed, "0 llaah! Guide the Dowstribe." Rasulullaah @& then said to him, "Return to your people, give themDa'wah and be gentle with them." Hadhrat Tufayl ~ , G W G hen returned to hispeople and continued giving them Da'wah all the time until Rasulullaah @@migrated (to Madinah) and the battles of Badr, Uhud and Khandaq were over.Thereafter, Hadh rat Tufayl we nt to Rasulullaah toge ther with all


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THE LIVES OF THE SAHABAH (Vol -I) 223thos e from his peop le wh o had accepted Islaam. At the time Rasulullaah @%$$w as in Khaybar. Hadhrat Tufayl4!%!3@2j eventually reached Madinah with seven tyo r eighty families from th e Dows tribe. ( I )Hadhrat Abdullaah bin Abbaas- as also narrated from Hadhrat Tufayl binAmr 4 th e sto ry of how h e accep ted Islaam , how h e gave Da'w ah to h i sfa ther , h i s wife and h i s and h i s a r r iva l in Makkah , jus t a s i t w a sment ioned in the p rev ious nar ra t ion . However , the nar ra t ion o f Hadhra tAbdullaah bin Abbaas @,Wdds that Rasulullaah && sent Hadhrat TufaylB,w to burn an idol called Dhul m a y n . In addition, it also mentions thatHadhrat Tufayl9W thereafter left for Yamaamah where he saw a dream andwa s then martyred in th e Battle of Yamaamah. ( 2 )Another narration states that when Hadhrat Tufayl ?&UWjarrived in Makkah,some people from the Quraysh told him about Rasulullaah @$% and requestedhim to as se ss Rasulul laah @@. He therefore went to Rasulullaah @@a n drecited some of his poetry to Rasulullaah @@. Rasulullaah rn hen recitedSurah Ikhlaas and the M u'awwadhatayn (Surah s Falaq and Naas) to him. Heaccepted Islaam o n the sp ot and then returned to his people. The narration the ngoes o n t o spea k abo ut his whip and its light. The narrator mentions further thatHadhrat Tufayl- hen invited his parents to Islaam. His father accepted.Is laam b ut h is m othe r d id not . When he invited h is t r ibesmen, i t w as o nlyHadhra t Abu H urayra~ , Who accepted.Thereafter , Hadhrat T u f a y l 4 ? i i went to Rasulullaah @@ and said, 'Would youlike a fortified strongh old with stro ng defences?" he w as referring to the territoryof the Dows t r ibe (which he wante d Rasulul laah @ o take hold of af tercursing the Dows tribe). However, when Rasulullaah @@made du'aa for theDows tribe instead, Hadhrat Tufayl 4$3!3&!2jsai d, "This is not what I wanted."Rasulullaah k%% said, "There are many of them w ho are just like you."Amongst the Dows tribe was a person called Jundub bin Amr bin Humama binAuf who used to say during the Period of Ignorance, "I know that the Creation 'has a Creator but I d o no t know wh o it is." When he heard of Rasulullaah m,he wen t to Rasulullaah along with seventy five men of his tribe and they allaccepted Islaam. Hadhrat Abu Hurayra narrate s that Jun du b placed eachman individually before Rasulullaah @?%.p part' f rom the abo ve, ) Many na rra t ions have a l ready passe d ( th at ar e a lsorelevan t t o th i s d i scuss ion) such a s the n ar ra t ions ment ion ing the Da 'wahHadhrat Ali BCw gave to the Ham daan tribe8), the Da'wah Hadh rat Khaalid binWaleed %@Wj gave to the Banu Haarith b in ~ a ' b ( ~ )ribe and th e Da'wah HadhratAbu Umaama BaW gave to h is tribe(5)(1 ) Abu Nu'ayrn in Dalaa'il (Pg.78) a s quoted in Al Bidaaya wan Nihaaya (Vol.3 Pg.lOO). Commentary cnthechainofnarratorsis mentioned in Isaaba (Vo1.2 Pg.225). Ibn Sa'd has also narrated the Hadith.(2) Istibab (V01.2 Pg.232).(3) In the chapter entitled "Rasulullaah @?@dispatches groups to give Da'wah" under the subheading"Rasulullaah @% dispatches Hadhrat Khaalid bin Waleed to Yemen".(4) In the chapter entitled "Rasulullaah &% dispatches groups to give Da'wah" under the..subheading"Rasulullaah @@$dispatches Hadhrat Khaalid bin Waleed to Yemen".(5) In th e c hap ter entitled "Rasulullaah @?& dispatches individuals to give Da'wah" under the


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224 THE LIVES OF THE SAHABAH a,@@&3Vol-I)The Sahabah '@FwDispatch Individualsand Groups to Give Da'wahHadhrat Hishaam bin A1 Aas $3!3&3jand others are

sent to HerakliusHadhrat Hishaam bin A1 Aas Umawi W%W narrates tha t (during the Khilaafah ofHadhrat Abu BakrSWj) e and another person w q e se nt with the invitation toIslaam to Heraclius the Emperor of Rome. He says that when they arrived atGhow tha meaning Damascus, they went to s ee Jabala bin Ayham Ghassaani whohappened to be lying on his bed at the time. He sent a messenger to speak tothem. When the m essenger came, the Sahabah i iZ3W4 said, "By Allaah! We shallnever speak t o a m essenger for we have been sen t to see the king. I f he grantspermission, w e shall speak to him but not t o a messenger." When the m essengerreturned to the king with the news, he permitted them to enter and to speak.Hadhrat Hishaam bin A1 Aas- poke t o h im and invited h im to acceptIslaam.The king was wearing black clothing. When Hadhrat Hishaam bin A1 Aas l;irSwasked him why he wa s dressed in th at manner, h e replied, "I have vowed never t oremove this clothing until I expel you from Shaam." The Sa hab ah B,W said tohim, "By Allaah! We shall soon be taking from you this place where you sit andwe sh all also be taking the kingdom of your high em peror (Heraclius), InshaaAllaah! Our Rasul Muhammad @@ as informed us of this." The king said, 'Youare not those people. They will be people who fast during the day and stand inwo rship during the night." The narration con tinues furthe r and will Inshaa Allaahbe q uoted in the ch apter dealing with the help received from the un seen.Hadhrat Moosa bin Uqba narrates that Hadhrat Hishaam bin A1 Aas ?BSWj,Hadhrat Nu'aym bin Abdillaah %WBkj and anoth er person whom th e narrator didname were sent to the Emperor of Rome during the Khilaafah of Hadhrat AbuBakr $B3W+j. Hadhrat Hishaam ?&83W$says, ''We cam e to Jab ala bin Ayham w howas in Damascus and noticed that he was wearing black and that everythingaround him was black. He said,"You may speak, 0 Hishaam."' Hadhrat HishaamS!3&5 then spoke to him and invited him towards Allaah. The Hadith proceedsin detail a s will be qu oted a hea d. (2 )The Sahabah '@GW send Letters to Invite

Towards Allaah and IslaamHadhrat Ziyaad bin Haarith Sudaa'ee%$%Wendsa Letter to his PeopleHadhrat Ziyaad bin Haarith Sudaa'ee 4Sl!3@j narrates that he met Rasulullaah

subheading "Rasulullaah @@ dispatches Hadhrat Abu Umaamah ?&@@23o his people theBaahilah tribe".

(1 ) Bayhaqi as quoted in The Tafseerof Ibn Katheer (Vo1.2 Pg.251).(2) Abu Nu'aym in Dalaa'il (Pg.9).


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THE LIVES OF THE SAHABAH @%Cu= ( V O Z - I ) 225@&, accepted and pledged his allegiance to Islaam at the hand of Rasulullaahm. e then heard tha t Rasulullaah had already dispatched a n army to hispeople . He sa id , " 0 Rasu lu l l aah @@! c a l l t h e a r m y b a c k f o r I t a k e t h eresponsibility of ensuring that my people accept Islaam and remain obedient."When Ra sulullaah @& told him Lo go an d call the army back an d he w as forcedto excuse himself because his camel was too slow. Rasulullaah @@ then sentsom eon e else wh o called them back.Hadhrat Ziyaad B,Gm then wrote a letter to his people in response to which adelegat ion cam e t o inform Rasulu l laah@i?i%hat they had accepted Is laam.Rasulullaah w said to Had hrat Ziyaad B G W , "Dear Sudaa'ee brother! Itappears as if your people really obey you." Hadhrat Ziyaad B G w replied, " ( Icannot accept the credit because) It was Allaah Who has guided them to Islaam."Rasulullaah @i%%hen asked, "Can I appoin t you a s their leader?" WhenHadhrat Ziyaad B G W accepted, Rasulullaah wrote a letter to confirm hisappointment. Hadhrat Ziyaad B G w then asked Rasulullaah @@ to reserve ashare of the zakaah for them. Rasulullaah @& agreed and then wrote anotherletter in this regard .Hadhrat Ziyaad %GWj continues to relate that all this occurred during one ofRasu lullaah journeys. When Rasulullaahw camped at a place, the peoplethe re came t o h im and compla ined abou t the pe r son who w as appo in ted tocollect their zak?ah. .They told Rasulullaah &$% that because there had beensom e friction between their tribe an d his during the Period of Ignorance, he wa sbeing harsh with them. Rasulullaah @@ asked, "Is he really doing this?" "Yes,"they conf i rmed. R asulu l laah @%hen tu rned to the Sahabah WGW withHadhrat Ziyaad @Bw am ong st them and said , "There is no good for a M u'minin being appointed as a leader." Hadhrat Ziyaad B&m says that this statementlingered in his heart.Another pe rson later came to Rasulullaah k$@ to ask for someth ing. Rasulullaah@@ sa id , "The person who begs from people despite possessing sufficientwealth, his begging shall earn him nothing besides a headache and stomachdisease." The person then asked to be given from the zakaah ho n ey . Rasulullaahk%@ said to him, "Allaah does not sanction the command of a Nabi or anyoneelse regarding the distribution of zakaah but issues the command Himself. Allaahhas distributed it into eight parts so if you are amongst the eight, I shall giveyou." Hadhra t Ziyaad B,Gh2 says that it then occurred to him that he had askedfor zakaah even though he had sufficient wealth.The Hadith then continues to a point where Hadhrat Ziyaad W G W says thatafter Rasulullaah@ii@ad completed salaah, he approached Rasulullaah @$?.%with the two let ters saying, "0 Rasulullaah k%%$!Absolve me of these two."Rasulullaah@i?@sked, "What ha s happened to you?" He replied, "0 Rasulullaah@%! I heard you say that there is no good for a Mu'min in being appointed as aleader and I am a Mu'min who believes in ~ l l a a hnd His Rasool. I also heard yousay to the beggar that the person who begs from people despite possess ing


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226 THE LIVES OF THE SAHABAH @%$&!%s (Vo l - I )sufficient wealth, his begging shall earn him nothing besides a headache andstomach disease. I had asked from you despite having sufficient wealth."Rasulullaah @%%aid, "That being as it is, you still have the option to eitheraccept it to leave it ." Hadhrat Ziyaad !iBW>aid, "I would rather leave it ."Rasulullaah @%! then said to him, "Show me so meon e whom I may appoint asyour leader." Hadhrat Ziyaad %Gw pointed out one of the persons who hadcom e with th e delegation an d Rasulullaah appointed him a s the leader. (' I

Hadhrat Bujayr bin Zuhayr bin Abi Sulma !@3@3jWrites a Letter to his Brother Ka'b

Hadhrat Abdur Rahm aan bin Ka'b na rrates that the tw o son s of Zuhayr w ho wereBujayr and Ka'b left on a journey and had reached a sp ring called Abraqal Azzaaf.Bujayr then said to Ka'b, "Stay here with t'he animals. I am going to see thatperson (Rasulullaahm) nd hear what he has to say." Ka'b stayed and Bujayrleft to meet Rasulullaahw. asulullaah @% presented Islaam t o him a nd h eaccep ted. When the news reached Ka'b, he recited a few coup lets which mean:"Will you no t convey this m essage to BujayrWoe be an another (Hadhrat Abu Bakr~,Wj).o what has he led you?He has ledyou to a way on which you will not findyourparentsNeither wiIIyou find your brotherAbu Bakr has made you drink from a terrible cupThat slave has made you drink from it time and time again"When Rasu lu l laah @%! h ea r d ab o u t t h e s e co u p le t s , h e p e r m i t t ed K a'b'sexecutio n when he said , "Whoever finds Ka'b sh ou ld kill him!" Bujayr wrote toKa'b informing him that Rasulullaah @%! had ordered his execution. He alsowrote, "Save yourself! However, I do n ot think th at you will be able to escape."Bujayr later wrote back to Ka'b saying, "Rasulullaah @@! accepts the word ofanyone who comes to him to testify that there is none worthy of worship butAllaah and that Muhammad @& is Allaah's Rasul. You should therefore acceptIslaam a nd com e here a s soo n a s this letter reach es you." Ka'b accepted Islaaman d recited a poem in praise of Rasulullaah@[email protected] then c am e (to Madinah) andsa t his mou nt down a t the doo r of the M asjid. He then entered the Masjid wherehe found Rasulullaah @% sitting in the middle of the S ahabah WSw just a s atablecloth is placed a t the center with people s i t t ing aroun d i t . The Sahab ah' thronged around Rasulullaah k%@ forming several rings. At times, heturned towards a group while address ing them a nd a t o ther t imes he turnedtowards anothe r group.Hadhrat Ka'b 4%E5k?SGimself says , "I sa t my moun t down at th e d oo r of the .Masjid and recognised Rasulullaah @@ y his features . I took a f ew s tep sforward an d sa t by him where it declared that I had accepted Islaam wh en I said,(1) Bayhaqi as quoted in Al Bidaaya wan Nihaaya (Vo1.5 Pg.83). Baghawi an d Ibn Asaakir h av e al soreported the narrat ion at length and verified i ts authentici ty as mentioned in Kanzul Ummaal(Vo1.7 Pg.37). Ahmad h as als o repo rted it as mentioned in Isaaba (Vol.1 Pg.557) as did Tabraani.Haythami (Vo1.5 Pg.204) as com mented o n the chain of narrators.


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THE LIVES OF THE SAHABAH@!%=Vol - I ) 22 7'I testify tha t th ere is n on e worthy of worship but Allaah a nd that you ar e Allaah'sRasul. I seek amnesty, 0 Rasulullaah w!"asulullaah asked, 'Wh o ar eyou?" "I am Ka'b bin Zuhayr." Rasulullaah @%$ aid, 'Was it you w ho said ..." Hethen turned to H adhrat Abu Bakr B GW j and ask ed, 'What w as it that h e said, 0Abu Bakr?" Hadhrat Abu Bakr= ecited the cou plet which m eant, %buBakrhas made you drink from a terrible cup. That slave has made you drink from ittime and time again."Ka'b- nterjected by saying, "I did not say it like this, 0 Rasulullaah w.""Then how did you say it?" asked Rasulullaah m. a'b said, "I said (he thenaltered a few words to com pose a couplet which m eant) 2Ibu Bakr has made youdrink from a quenching cup. That trustworthy man has made you drink from ittime and time again."'Rasulullaah &&% then said, "By Allaah! He certainly is atrustworthy man." Ka'b 3328% then recited the entire poem he had composed,which will be q uoted shortly.Hadhrat Moosa bin Aqba say s tha t Hadhrat Ka'b bin Zuhayr recited hispoem "Baanat Su'aad" to Rasulullaah &%% n his Masjid in Madinah u'ntil hereached th e couplets which mean t:"Withom doubt, Rasulullaah l$%fis sword fiom whch light is derivedAnd a drawn rapier from amongst the swords ofMaah.He was with some youths of the Quraysh who had accepted islaamWhen one of them said (to the Kuflaar), Move out of the way!"Rasulullaah @% then signalled to the Sahabah i@w with his sleeve for themto listen attentively.The narrator says that Hadhrat Bujayr B , W had written to his brother Ka'b towarn him and t o invite him to accept Islaam. He also wrote a few couplets in theletter which m eant:'W ho will convey th e m essag e to Ka'b? Is he inclined tow ards th atwhich he wrong& criticised whereas it is most resoluteCome to the One AlIaah and not towards Uzza nor LaatThen you will attain salvation ifyou do this and will remain safeYou wiIl then attain salvation on the day when none shall escapefiom the Fire except thepure-hearted MuslimThe religion o f(our father) Zuhayr is nothing but falsehoodAnd the relgion of (ourgrandfathei) bu Sulma is forbidden to me"(2)

Hadhrat Khaalid bin Waleed 3 , GWWrites to thePeople of Persia

Hadhrat Abu Waa'il B G m narrated3) that Hadhrat Khaalid bin Waleed S,-wro te th e following letter to th e Persian people, inviting them to Islaam.( I ) Haakim (Vo1.3 Pg.579).(2) Haakim (Vo1.3 Pg.582). Haakim (Vo1.3 Pg.583) and Haythami (Vo1.9 Pg.394) have commented on

the cha in of narra tors . Others have a lso narra ted the Hadi th a s ment ioned in Isaaba (Vo1.3 Pg.3 95)a n d A1Bidaaya wan Nihaaya (Vo1.4 Pg.382).(3) Tabraani . Haythami (Vol.5 Pg.310) ha s com men ted o n the chain of narrators . Haakim ha s alsoreported a similar narrat io n in his Mustadrak (Vol.3 Pg.299).


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228 WE LIVES OF THE SAHABAH @%%% (Vo l - I )In the nam e of Allaah The M ost Kind The Most M ercifulFrom Khaalid bin Waleed-To Rus tay , M ahraan a nd the Persian leadershipPeace be o n tho se wh o follow the guidance. iWe invite you to accept Islaam. should you refuse, you may pay the

by hand as subjects. ~f you refuse even this, then I have people&th m e w ho love to be killed while fighting in the pa th of Allaah morethan you Persians love wine.Peace be o n tho se wh o follow the guidance.

Hadhrat Khaalid bin Waleed %Ei@ Writes to thePeople of Madaa'in

Hadhrat Sha'bi >W&lGjarrates that Banu Buqayla read to him the letter thatHadhrat Khaalid bin Waleed WBl3&% wrote to th e peop le of Madaa'in. It read:

From Khaalid bin WaleedTo the Persian leadershipPeace be o n tho se wh o follow the guidance.All prai ses belong to Allaah Who h as fragmented your unity, taken aw ayyour k ingdom and w eakened your p lans . Take no te th a t whoeverperforms our s alaah , faces ou r Qibla and eats wh at we slaughter, he isa M usl im w ho shal l enjoy the pr ivi leges we have a nd also bear theresponsibilities w e bear.After this I wish to add that when this letter reaches you, you shouldsend securities to me (to ratify ou r peace agreem ent) and you may restassured that I shall give you. your protection. O th ew ise, I sw ear by. theBeing besid es Whom there is n o other deity tha t I shall dispatch agains tyou people w ho love death a s you love life.

When the Persians in the Madaa'in district read this letter, they were taken aback.This occu rred in th e year 12 A.H.Hadhrat Khaalid bin Waleed !?BGw Writes to Hwrmwz

Imaam Sha'bi 7W&lw ays(') th at Hadhrat Khaalid bin Waleed B , G m wrote aletter to Hurmuz b efore he left with Uzaadhiba th e father of Ziyaadhiba, w ho w asfrom Yamaamah. In those d ays, Hurmuz w as'in charg e of defending the Persianborders. The letter read:Accept Islaam and you d l remain safe. Otherwise you may subject yourselfand yow people to our protection and accept to pay theJizy. f not, you ha yenone but yourself to blame for I shall march @th people who love death as(1) IbnJareer (Vo1.2Pg.553).(2) Ibn Jareer in his Taareekh (Vo1.2Pg.554).


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THE LIVES OF T H E SRHABAH @Gb&& (Vol-I) 229much asyou people love life.Another nar ra tio n(') s ta te s that when Hadhrat Khaalid bin Waleed W= conqueredone of the two regions of Iraq's fertile plains, he summoned a person from thepeople of Heera . With this person he se nt a le t ter to the Persian s w ho werescatte red in different group; in Mbdaa'in and taking support from each othe rafter the death of (their leader) Ardsher. However, they had appointed BahmanJaad hw ay as t he i r l eade r s t a t i on ed in a p l ace cal led Buharsee r wh ere hecomm anded the army's frontl ine. With Bahman Jaadhw ay wa s U zaadhiba andseveral other generals.Hadhrat Khaalid bin Waleed %%@!G summoned another person from Saloobaand sen t two let ters with the two envoys. One letter wa s addressed to the seniorleadership while the other w as addressed to th e regular commanders. The oneenvoy w as therefore from Heera while the other was a Nabti (from the non-Arabsettler s of Iraq ). When Hadhrat Khaalid %,Gw asked the envoy from Heera whhthis nam e was, the man said tha t it was M urra (meaning 'bitter'). Hadhrat KhaalidWw said to him, "Take this letter to the Persians. Perhaps Allaah shall maketheir lives bitter o r t.hey shall accept Islaam and turn in repentance (t o Allaah)."Hadhrat Khaalid S&Gm then asked the Nabti envoy what his name was. Whenthe m an said tha t it was H izqeel (derived from a word similar to o ne tha t m eans'to des troy '), Had hrat Khaalid W,Gw told him to del iver the le t ter and thenprayed, "0 Allaah! ~ e s t r o ~hem." Ibn Jareer says that the two letters containedthe following:

In the name of Allaah The Most Kind The Most MercifulFrom Khaalid bin WaleedTo the Persian royal familyAll praises belong to Allaah Who h as thrown your establ ishm ent inmayhem, Who has weakened your plans and fragmented your unity. Itwould have been worse for you if He had n ot do ne this. Enter ou r Deenand we shall leave you and your land and pass by you' to proceed tooth er people. Otherwise (if you do no t willingly enter the Deen) you willstill be subject to our authority and forced to suffer defeat at the h andsof people w ho love dea th like you love life.In the name of Allaah The Most Kind The Most MercifulFrom Khaalid bin WaleedTo the Persian leadersAccept Islaam and you may live in peace. If not, you may submit to myprotect ion and pay the J izya. Otherwise I sha l l march to you wi thpeople wh o love de ath m ore tha n you people love to drink wine."

(1) Ibn Jareer 0101.2 Pe.571).


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230 THE LIVES OF THE SAHABAH '@%!&%Vol-1)The Sahabah '&Gw Give Da'wah in theBattlefield During the Time of Rasulullaah@@$

The Da'wah that Hadhrat Haarith bin MuslimTarneemi @&$@@j GaveHadhra t Haarith bin Muslim Tameemi BSw narrates that Rasulullaah oncese nt them o n a military expedition. When they reached the place they intended toattack, he sp urred his horse and so ared ahead of the o thers. However, the peopleof the town w ere weeping a s they met them . Hadhrat Haarith bin Muslimsaid to them, "Say 'Laa Ilaaha Illallaah' and you will be saved." The people thensaid what they were told. When the other Sahabah- rrived there, theyrebuked Hadhrat Haarith bin Muslim B,Wj nd said, "You have deprived us ofthe boo ty after it already become cold in ou r hands."When they returned t o ad in ah and mentioned the incident to Rasulullaah @%,he called Hadhrat Haarith bin Muslim !ZZ@G and congratulated him for w hat h eh a d d o n e . R a su l u l l a a h rn a l s o t ol d h i m t h a t A lla ah h a d g ra n t e d h i mtreme ndou s rewards for every on e of the people of the town. One of the na rrato rsby th e nam e of Abdur Rahm aan say s that i t w as Re who forgot the specificrewards that Rasulullaah @%! mentioned. Rasulullaah @%%then said to him, "Ishall write a bequest in your favour to all the Muslim leaders who come afterme." R ~ s u l u l l a a h@%! did so , sea led the le t te r an d han ded it over to h im.Thereafter, Rasulullaah said t o him, 'When you have performed your Fairsalaah, recite seven times:

6 l , , 0 6 Y A f l"0Allaah! Savg! me from the Fire" ...... & 4 1

If you die d uring that day, Allaah shal l record ;our safetyOfrom the Fire. Thenwhen you have performed your M aghrib salaa h, again recite seven times:

6 l , , G Y A *" 0 Allaah! Save me from the Fire" ......jWI,y , 4 1J "

f you die durin g that night, Allaah sh all record your safety from the Fire."Hadhrat Haarith bin Muslim -2 says, "When Allaah took Rasulullaah @&away, I went tb Hadhrat Abu Bakr B,- who opened the seal, read the letterand gave me so m e wealth (a s Rasulullaah &@$ instructed). Thereafter, he sealedthe letter. Afterwards (after the death of Hadhrat Abu Bakr !4W,@&) I went toHadhrat Umar ?B3Xi!&,wh o did th e sam e. Thereafter, I wen t to Hadhrat Uthmaan$kW&.i (whe n he wa s the Khalifah) and he did exactly the sam e."Muslim bin H aarith sa ys , "(My father) Hadhrat Haarith bin Muslim SW$!3jassedaway dur ing the Khilaafah of Hadhrat U thmaan ?BG$.&Z and the letter stayed withus until Hadhrat Umar bin Abdul Aziz *WdlGjecame the Khalifah. He wrote aletter to the governor of the region where we stayed instructing him to sendMusl im the son of Haar i th b in Musl im S&,GW&t o h im wi th th e l e t te r t h a tRasulullaah rn ad w ritten for his father. When I was se nt to him, he read theletter, ordered th at I be given som e wealth a nd then sealed it." ('1-(1)Hasan bin Sufyaan and Abu Nu'aym as quoted in Kanzul Ummaal (Vo1.7 Pg.28) nd Muntakhab

(Vo1.5 Pg.162).


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THE LNE S OF THE SAHABAH '@,@@@>Vol-I) 231The Da'wah that Hadhrat Ka'b bin Umayr GhifaariHadhrat Zuhri >@Chi\lGjarra tes th at Rasulul laah l8$%ent Hadhrat Ka'b binUmayr Ghifaari % , G W with a group of f if teen men. They rode to a place inShaam called Dhaat Itlaa wherefthey encountered a very large concentration of.people. When they invited these people to Islaam, they refused to accept andstarted firing arrows at them. Seeing this, the Sahabah '@BWj started fightingthem most fiercely but all of them were martyred except one man who was leftwounded amongst the dead. When night arrived, he somehow managed to gethimself to Rasulullaah @%. Rasulullaah &%@was on the verge of sending abattalion after them when the news reached him that the people had moved onto an other place.

Ibn Abil Awjaa L!&@3jives Da'wahI m a a m Z u h r i *35Chi\lSj n a r r a t e s t h a t i t w a s i n D h u l H i jj ah 7 A.H. thatRasulullaah @%%eturned from performing the Umrah he had missed. He thensent Aadhrat Ibn Abil Awjaa Sulami B G w on a military expedition with fiftyhorsemen. However, an enemy spy forewarned his people and informed them(about the Sahabah @,Bw). The people therefore prepared a very large army.When Hadhrat Ibn Abil Awjaa WZw arrived, they were already prepared (forbattle). When he s aw them all there, he invited them to accept Islaam but theystarted'firing arrow s a t him w ithout even listening. They said, "We have n o n eedfor w ha t you a re calling us tow ards." They continued firing arrows for a long timea n d r e i n f o r c e m e n t s s t a r t e d p o u r i n g i n u n t i l t h e S a h a b a h @Gw w e r esurrounded on all sides. The Sahabah @ GW fought very fiercely until eventuallymost of them were martyred. Hadhrat Ibn Abil Awjaa ~ G & jw a s se r i o u s lywounded but managed to carry himself back to Madinah along with the othersurvivors. They returned on the first of Safar 8 A.H. (2 )The Sahabah '@!3&3 Give Da'wah in theBattlefield During the Time of HadhratAbu Bakr ~~Wwho Advised hisCommanders to do so

,, Hadhrat Abu Bakr ~ , % @ nstructs hisCommanders to give Da'wah When he DispatchedArmies to ShaamHadhrat Sa'eed bin Musayyab 3%&1Gj arra tes that wh en Hadhrat Abu Bakr(1) Waaqidi as quoted in A/ Bidaaya wan Nihaaya (Vo1.4 Pg.241). Ibn Sa'd h as al so reported t he

narration in his Tabaqaat (Vo1.2 Pg.127). Many others have a lso reported it as mentioned in isaaba(Vo1.3 Pg.301). These narrations mention that Hadhrat Ka'b bin Umayr %J3Wwas also martyredon that day and that the incident occurred in Rabee'ul Awwal 8A.H.

(2) Bayhaqi a s quoted in A/ 5idaaya wan Nihaaya (Vo1.4 Pg.235). Ibn Sa'd has also narrated it in hisTabaqaat (Vo1.2 Pg. 123).


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232 THE LIVESOF THE SAHABAH '@g!@@> vd-I)ii3- se nt arm ies to S haam , he ap pointed Hadhrat Yazeed bin Abi Sufyaa nW&%, Hadhrat Amr bin A1 A d s %,W>nd Hadhrat Shurahbeel bin Hasanaii3,- a s comman ders. When thky w e r e mo unted, Hadhrat Abu Bakr %@!Wwalked with them up to Thaniyyatul Wadaa to see them off. The commanderssaid, "0 halifah of Rasulullaah =?'you a r e p a lk in g wh ile we ride?" Had hratAbu Bakr BFW said, '? am taking these steps with the intention of beingrewarded for taking the m in the p ath of Allaah."He th en advised them saying, "I advise you t o be ever -consc ious of Allaah. Wagewar in the path of Allaah and fight all those who reject Allaah. Indeed, Allaahshall assist His Deen. Do not steal from the booty, do not deceive, do not becowardly, do not spread corruption o n earth and do not go against your orders.I f Allaah decrees that you meet the enemy who are Mushrikeen, invite them toaccep t one of three op tions. Should they accep t any of the op tion, acknowledge itand refrain from harming them . (Firstly) Invite them to accept Islaam. I f theyaccept, acknowledge it and refrain from harming them. Thereafter (if they acceptIslaam) invite them to m ove from their hom es to the h om e of th e M uhaajireen. Ifthey are prepared to d o this, inform them that they shall enjoy the privileges tha tthe Muhaajireen enjoy and'shall have to bear the same responsibilities that theMuhaajireen bear. If after accepting Islaam they prefer their own ho m es to tha t ofthe Muhaajireen, inform them that they will assum e the sta tu s of the Muslims inthe outlying areas . The injunctions that Allaah ha s enjoined for all Muslims shalls till apply to them but they shal l receive no share of ~ a ~ ( ' )r booty unless theyparticipate in the battle.""However, i f they refuse to enter the fold of Islaam then invite them to (thesecon d o pt ion which is to) pay the Jizya. I f they accept, acknowledge i t andrefrain from harm ing them . If they refuse this, then (th e third cou rse of action bthat you) entreat Allaah for help and fight them if this is what AlIaah decrees.(When you are fighting) You should never chop dow n or burn any da te palms no rdestroy any animals or any frui t-bearing trees. Do not destroy any places ofworship or kill any children, elderly people or women. You will also find peoplewho have secluded themselves in monasteries. Leave them to that which theyhave secluded themselves. You will also find people who have made nests forShaytaan o n their he ad d2 ). When Allaah decrees tha t you find these people,cu t off their heads. t3)Hadhrat Abu Bakr $!&IGW1snstructions to Hadhrat

Khaalid bin Waleed $!&IGw when he Sent him toFight the MurtaddeenHadhrat Urwa ?B%&?arra tes th at when Hadhrat Abu Bakr ~ , E went Hadhrat(1 ) The booty received from conquered lands when the enemy surrenders without a fight.(2) They always entertain the whispers of Shaytaan and d o as he commands. It may also refer topeople wh o have shaved off the top part of their hair in the shape of a nest as a form ofrecognition.(3) Bayhaqi (Vo1.9 Pg.85) and Ibn Asaakir as quoted in Kanzul Ummaal (Vo1.2 Pg.295). Many otlletshave also narrated it as mention in Kanzul Ummaal(Vo1.2 Pg.295,296).


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THE LIVES OF THE SAHABAH @!%!$% Vol-1) 233Khaalid bin Waleed 3,GM to fight those Arabs who had forsaken Islaam (theM urtadd een), he in structed him to invite them back to Islaam and t o explain tothem their privileges and responsibilit ies. Hadhrat Abu Bakr wW eagerlydes ired tha t they rece ive guidance and a l so ins t ruc ted Hadhra t ~ h a a l i d inWaleed ?&what he should acknowledge their acceptance whether they arewhite or black. He said that this was because the only people to be fought wereth os e w ho ch os e to disbelieve in Allaah rather tha n believe in Him. Once aperson accepted Islaam and displays sincere Imaan, there was no way to harmhim because Allaah shall judge him. Only those Murtaddeen were to be foughtwho do not accept the Islaam they are invited tow ards.Hadhrat Khaalid bin Waked $@@ljj ives Da'wah

to the people of HeeraHad hrat S aalih bin Kaysaan >3XblGSjnarrates that when Hadhrat Khaalid binWaleed 3,= arrived in Heera, the nobles of Heera accompanied by Qabeesabin Ayaas bin Hayya Taa 'ee lef t to meet him. Qabeesa had been appointedgovernor of Heera by the Kisra after Nu'maan bin Mundhir. Addressing Qabeesaand the others, Hadhrat Khaalid bin Waleed %Wjaid, "I invite you towardsAllaah a nd tow ards Islaam. I f you accept, you shall be part of the Muslim Ummahand shall enjoy the privileges that the M uslims enjoy and shall have to bear thesame responsibilities that the Muslims bear. I f you refuse, you will have to paythe Jizya. I f you refuse even this, then bear in mind that I have com e with peoplewho are greedier for death than you are for life. We shall then fight you untilAllaah decides the m atter between us."Qa bee sa sa id t o h im , "We have n o need to f ight you . We sha l l r em a in a sadhe ren ts to ou r religion a nd pay you the Jizya." Hadhrat Khaalid bin W aleedBSWj then entered into a n agreement.wiEh them to pay seventy thousan dDirhams. (2 )Another narration sta te s that Hadhrat Khaalid bin Waleed ?i&Gw said to them, "Iinvite you to Islaam and to testify that there is none worthy of worship but theOne Allaah and that Muhammad @@ is Allaah's servant an d Rasul. I call you toestablish salaah, to pay zakaah and to accept all the injunctions binding on theMuslims. In exchange you shall enjoy the privileges that the Muslims enjoyand shall have to bear the same responsibilities that the Muslims bear." Haaniasked, "If I do not accept this, then w hat?" Hadhrat Khaalid 3,- replied, "Ifyou d o no t accept this, you sha ll have to pay the Jizya by hand." "And if we refuseto d o this?" w as the next ques tion. "Then," replied Hadhrat Khaalid 3 Sw , "Ifyou refuse even this, such people shall crush you underfoot to whom death ismore beloved than life is to you."Haani requested, "Allow us the night to think the matter over." Hadhrat Khaalid%$3w granted the request . The next morning, Haani came back to HadhratKhaalid ?i&GWjand said, "Wehave decided to pay the Jizya. Let us now enter in to( 1 ) Bayhaqi (vo1.8Pg.201)as quoted in Kanzul Ummaal(Vol.3Pg. 143).(2)Ibn Jare er Tabari (vol.2 Pg.551)


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234 THE LIVES OF T H E SAHABAH &%%@ (VoI-I)an agreemen t." The narration continues.Another narration adds that when the two armies faced each other before theBattle of Yarm ook, Hadh rat Abu Ubaydah bin Ja rraah- nd Hadhrat Yazeedbin Abi Sufyaan ~ G = together with Hadhrat Diraar bin Azoor Wm, HadhratHaarith bin Hishaam and Hadhrat Abu Jaq da l bin Suhayl %W&!%teppedforward and ann ou nce d , "We wa nt t o m ee t your l eader ." When they werepermitted to meet Tadhaaruk (the brother of ~e ra c li u s );hey found him sittingon a tent mad e of silk. The Sahabah @?@Miaid , "It is not permissible for us toenter this." Tadhaaruk then had a silken rug sp read o ut for them but they refusedto sit o n it. He then s at where they chose to sit. They agreed t o enter into a treatyand the Sahabah % returned after inviting him to accept Islaam. However,the treaty did no t materialise (and the battle wa s fough t). ( 2 )

Hadhrat Khaalid bin Waleed %Gm invited theRoman Commander ~ a r jao Islaam and he AcceptsWaaqidi reports that during the Batt le of Yarmook, one of the most seniorRoman c om m and ers by the nam e of Jar ja s tepped forward f rom th e l ine ofsoldiers and asked to meet Hadhrat Khaalid bin Waleed - Hadhrat KhaalidBGW2 wen t to m eet him and drew s o close that the necks bf their horses met.The following conversation ensu ed:Jarja: 0 Khaalid! I want you to tell me something, but d o speak the truth an d d onot l ie becau se a f ree ma n never l ies . Do not deceive me e i th er becau se arespectable person never deceives someone who trusts him. Hqs Allaah givenyour Nabi a sw ord from the heavens w hich he h as given to you by virtue of whichyou defeat anyone against whom you draw it?Hadhrat Khaalid Ww: NoJarja: Then w hy a re you called the sword of Allaah ('Sayfullaah')?Hadhrat Khaalid @Gw: Allaah sent H is Nabi amongst us who preached to us.However, we expressed resentm ent and kept ou r distance from him. Even I w asamongst those who treated him like a liar and ostracised him. Thereafter, Allaahseized our hearts and forelocks and guided us through him. We then pledged .allegiance to him. He once said to me, 'You are a sword from the swords ofAllaah whom Allaah has drawn against the Mushrikeen.' He then prayed toAllaah t o a ssist me. This is why I am called th e sw ord of Allaah. I am therefoream ongst the s terne st of Muslims against the M ushrikeen.Jarja: 0 Khaalid! Towards wh at do you call?Hadhrat Khaalid GBGW: We call people to testify that there is none worthy ofworship but Allaah and that Muhammad @%@is Allaah's servant and Rasul. Wealso call them to accept everything that Rasulullaah k?@$has brought fromAllaah.Jarja: What ab ou t those w ho d o not accept this?Hadhrat Khaalid @,-: They will have to pay the J!zya an d we will protect them.(1 ) Bayhaqi (Vol.9Pg.187).( 2 )A/Bidaaya wan Nihaaya (Vol.7 Pg.9).


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THE LIVES OF THE SAHABAH@@@&Vol-I) 235Jarja: What if they d o not pay it?Hadhrat Khaalid S G W j : We then declare war against them and fight.Jarja: What is the sta tu s of a person who accepts what you say and en ters the foldof your religion?Hadhrat Khaalid W e all sb a re the sam e s ta tu s wi th re spec t to theinjunctions that Allaah has made binding on us regardless of whether we have ahigh social standing or not and regardless of whether we accepted Islaam earlieror later.Jarja: Will a pe rson entering Islaam today have th e sam e reward a s yourself?Hadhrat Khaalid Sw: Certainly! In fact, his rew ards shall be greater.Jarja: How can such a person be rated equal to you when you have acceptedIslaam before him?Hadhrat Khaalid SJ3W: e had no option but to accept Islaam because ourallegiance was pledged while our Nabi was alive and in our midst. Revelationfrom the heavens would come to hid and he would recite the Qur'aan to usand show u s miracles. For anyone wh o saw what we saw a nd wh o heard w hatwe h eard th ere was n o option bu t to accept Islaam a nd to pledged allegianceto him. A s for you people, you have not seen the miraculous events and signs(of his Nabuwaat) that we saw and heard. Therefore, whoever of you will enterthis D een with sincerity shall be b etter than us.Jarja: I swear by AIlaah that you have been'honest with me and did not deceiveme either.Hadhrat KhaaIidSW%:y Allaah! I have certainly spoken the tru th and Allaah isWitness to the fact that , I have responded to your questions to the best of myability.Jarja then turned his shield around (an indication t h a t he did not intend fighting)and turned to Hadhra t Khaal id WGW saying, "Teach me Is laam." Had hratKhaalid %3Gw took him to his ten t, poured a wa terbag of wa ter over him ( toass is t h im to ba th ) and then led him as he performed two Rakaahs sa laah .T h in kin g t h a t t h e ~ u s l i m s e re s ch e m in g s o m e th i n g w h e n J a rj a left w it hHad hrat Khaalid S,-, t h e Rom ans launche d an offensive th at cau gh t theMuslims completely by surprise. Every Muslim regiment was rooted from theirposition besides the Muhaamiya regiment led by Hadhrat Ikrama bin Abi Jahal4%!Gh3G5nd Hadhrat Haarith bin Hishaam ~~. The Romans were already inthe midst of the Muslim camp when Hadhrat Khaalid @l3Wj mounted his horsewith Jarja following closely. The Muslims called to each other and managed toregain their foo thold. The Romans were then forced to return to their base.Hadh rat Khaalid W W 4 j then graduakly advanced the M uslim army until theycrossed swords with the enemy. Hadhrat Khaalid 3- and Jarja continuouslyfought the Romans from noon until the sun was about to set. (The fighting wass o fierce that) The Muslims performed the Zuhr and Asr salaahs with indications.Jarja wa s m ortally injured in the battle (and passed away the sam e day). The onlysa l aah h e therefore performed for Allaah were the two h e performed wi th


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236 T H E LIVES OF T H E SAHABRHMGw (Vol-1)Hadhrat Khaalid @,=. May Allaah sho we r His mercy o n him. ('IAnother narration states that Hadhrat Khaalid bin Waleed B,C= once delivereda lecture to the Muslims and encouraged them to go to the non-Arab countriesand leave the Arabian lands. He also told them, "You have not seen the manytypes of foods that are there. By Allaah! Evep if Jihaad in the path of Allaah andcalling people towards Islaam were not obligatory for us and all we needed to d owas earn a living, I would still propose that we fight for.these fertile lands togain control over it. We would then hand over hunger and hard living to thosewh o a re weighed down (at home) and not fighting as you are." (2)

The Sahabah 'mi@ljlo3Give Da'wah in theBattlefield During the Time of HadhratUmar !@Zljlo@5,who Advised hisCommanders to do so

hraY Umar %W@GWrites to Hadhrat Sa'dto Invite People to Islaam for Three Days

Hadhrat Yazeed bin Abi Habeeb narrates that Hadhrat Umar bin Khattaab B,Wjwrote to Hadhrat Sa'd bin Abi Waqqaas BGWj saying, "I have already written toyou to tell you th at you sho uld invite people t o Islaam for three days. Whoeveraccepts what you say before you start fighting shall be one of the Muslims. Heshall enjpy the privileges of the Muslims and shall receive a share in the booty.However, whoever accepts Islaam after the battle or after being defeated, hiswealth shall become part of the booty to be shared by the Muslims because theyhad already become its owners before he accepted Islaam. This is my instructionand the reaso n writing this letter." (3)

Hadhrat Salmaan Faarsi ?&G@%&+jnvites People toIslaam for Three Days at msrul AbyadhHadhrat Abul Bakhtari narrates that when a Muslim army under th e com mand ofHadhrat Salmaan Faarsi W$&Gjlaid siege to a Persian fortresses, the soldierssaid to him, "0 Abu Abdullaah! sh all we n ot a ttack them ?" Had hrat S almaanSG= said , "Let me first invite them to Islaam a s 1 have heard Rasulullaah @@do." Addressing the Persians, he then said, "I am a Persian like you and a s yousee , the Arabs obey me. I f you accept Islaam, you shall enjoy the privileges thatwe enjoy an d shall have to bear the sam e responsibilities th at we bear. However,should you refuse to accept anything but your own faith, we shall not fight youbu t you will have to pay the Jizya by hand a s subjects subm itting to Muslimauthority." Hadhrat Salm aan explained to them in Persian that they will(1) A/Bidaaya wan Nihaaya (Vo1.7 Pg.12). Isaaba (Vol.1 Pg.260) contains some further commentary on

the narration.(2)A/ Bidaaya wan Nihaaya (Vo1.6 Pg.345). Ibn Jarem (Vo1.2 Pg.559) has also reported the narration

from a different source.(3)Abu Ubayd as quoted in Kanzul UmmaaI(Vol.2 Pg.297).


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THE LIVES F HE SAHABAH @,Gc~d% (VOZ- ) 237then have no authority.Hadhrat Salmaan W&W hen continued, " I f you refuse even this, then we shallface you (on the battlefield) on equal terms." The Persians said, "We are not thetype to accept Imaan nor the type that will pay Jizya. We shall rather fight you."When the Musl im sold iers again requested permiss ion to a t tack , HadhratSalmaan "* ' "9,. "S ~ W Jefused until he had presented the same invitation for threedays. It was only after this that he com manded th e Muslims to attack , which theyobligingly did and conquered the fortress. ( ' IA n o t h e r n a r r a t i o n s t a t e s t h a t H a d h r a t S a l m a a n F a a r s i !3BW w a s t h ecommander of the Muslim army and had been appointed to invite the enemy toIslaam. Hadhrat Atiyya *@&Gjtates that it was Hadhrat Salmaan %YGwj w h owas also appointed to invite the people of Bahursher to Islaam and again giventhe task at Qasrul Abyadh. All of these people he invited to Islaam for three days.The Da'wah he presented is the sam e as mentioned in the Hadith above. (2)

Hadhrat Nu'maan bin Muqarrin~~~ and hisCompanions give Da'wah to Rustam During the

Battle of QaadisiyyahHadhrat Sa'd bin Abi W aqqaas W3W sent a group of leading Sahabah '@GW toinvite Rustam to Islaam. The group included Hadhrat Nu'maan bin Muqarrin,Hadhrat Furaat bin Hayyaan, Hadhrat Handhala bin Rabee Tameemi, HadhratUtaarid bin Haajib, Hadhrat Ash'ath bin Qais, Hadhrat Mughiera bin Shu'ba andHadhrat Amr bin Ma'dikarib @Gw. When Rustam asked them why they hadcom e, they replied, "We have come becau se Allaah has promised us that w e sha lltake over your lands, capture your women and children and take ownership ofyour wealth. We ar e convinced that this is going to happen."Rustam himself had seen in a dream that an angel descended from the heavens,placed a seal on the weapons of the Persians and then handed them over toRasulullaah @@. Rasulullaah @@n turn handed them over to Hadhrat UmarSEW. 3)Hadhrat Mughiera bin Shu'ba gives Da'wah

to RustamHadhrat Sayf na rrate s from his teach ers that when the two arm ies (Muslim an dPersian) faced each other , Rustam sent a message to Hadhrat Sa 'd bin AbiWaqqaaswM requesting him to send som eone intelligent with the know ledgeto answ er his ques tions. Hadhrat Sa'd %B%j sen t Hadhrat Mughiera bin Shu'baS,Gm. When Hadhrat Mughiera W3&% came to meet him, ~ u st am 's ai d o him,"You are our neighbours. We have always been good to you and have nevercaused you any harm . Why d o you rather not re turn to your land and w e will no t( I ) Abu Nu'aym in Hilya (Vol.1 Pg.189). Ahmad and Haakimrhave also na rrated the Hadith a s

mentioned in ~ a s b i r ~ a l y aVo1.3 Pg.378)(2) Ibn Jareer (Vo1.4 Pg.173) and Ibn Abi Shayba a s quoted in Kanzul Urnmaal (Vo1.2 Pg.298).(3) Ibn Katheer in his AIBidaaya wan Nihaaya (Vol.7 Pg.38).


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238 THE LIVES OF THE SAHABAH (Vol-1)prevent you from trading with in our land."Hadhrat Mughiera 4 ? 2 aid to him, 'We have no desire for this world. Ourconcern and our sole objective is the Aakhirah. Allaah has sent a Nabi to us andsaid to him, 'I shall give this group (Sahabah 'EWW) control over those who donot adopt My Deen. Thus shall I use them to exact (revenge from those who rejectthe Deen. I shall allow them to dominate as long as they adhere to the Deen. It isthe true Deen and whoever turns away from it shall be disgraced. On the otherhand, whoever holds fast to it shall have great honour."'Rustam asked, "What is this Deen?" Hadhrat Mughiera %%@&said, "Its pillarswithout which no part of it can be correct are testification that there is noneworthy of worship but Allaah, that Muhammad @@ is Allaah's Rasul andaccepting everything that Rasulullaah @?@has brought from Allaah." Rustamexclaimed, "How excellent! And what else?" Hadhrat Mughiera %%5&!k jaid, 'Toremove people from being slaves of people and to take them towards beingthe slaves of Allaah." Rustam remarked, "This is also excellent. What else?"Hadhrat Mughiera added, "All of mankind are the children of Aadam%%$and have a single father and mother."Rustam said, "This is also excellent. Tell me. If we were to enter your religion,would you then leave our land?" "Certainly," replied Hadhrat Mughiera !i%Wj,"By Allaah! In that case, we shall not draw close to your land except for trade orsome other necessity." Rustam said, "This is also excellent." The narrators says,'When Hadhrat MughieraWw left Rustam, he spoke to his commanders aboutIslaam but they were unhappy and refused to accept Islaam. May Allaah destroyand disgrace them! In fact, Allaah did just that.''Hadhrat Rib'ee bin Aamir !&lGwj Invites Rustam to

IslaamThe narrators state further that at the request of Rusiam, Hadhrat Sa'd !&%@&sent another envoy who happened to be Hadhrat Rib'ee bin Aamir !Z@&%. WhenHadhrat Rib'ee 4%$3&jarrived, the court of Rustam had been decorated. Therewere cushions decorated with gold, rugs of silk, gleaming emeralds, pricelesspearls and other elaborate decorations. Rustam wore his drown and otherexpensive garments and accessories as he sat on a throne of gold. Wearing oldclothing, Hadhrat Rib'ee ~ ,W>ntered with his sword, his shield andundersized horse. He continued riding the horse, even trampling on the edges ofthe rugs. He then dismounted and tied his horse on one of the couches. He thenwalked along with his weapons and armour still wearing his helmet.When the courtiers asked him to remove his weapons, he said, "I have not comeof my own accord but have come on your request. Either leave me as I am orgrant me leave." Rustam instructed them to grant him entry and he came withhis 5pear, which tore most of the rug as he walked while leaning on it. Thecourtiers asked, "What brings you here?" Hadhrat Rib'ee- eplied, "(Wehave not come on our own accord but) Allaah has sent us to remove those


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T H E LIVES OF T H E SAHABAHm.gW3(Vol -I) 239whom He wills from the slavery of man to take them to the slavery of Allaah,to remove them from the na rrow ness of this world towards its vastn ess an d fromthe o p ~ r e s s io n f other religions tow ards the justice of Islaam. Giving us H i sDeen, Allaah ha s sent u s t o call H is creation towards it. Whoever a ccep ts it, w eshall acknowledge it an d leave him alon e. As for those wh o refuse, we shall fightthem forever until we reach Allaah's promised place."They asked, "What is AHaah's promised place?" He replied, "It is Jannah , whichshall be the lot of people wh o die fighting those w ho reject (Islaam ).Victory shallbe the lot of tho se wh o survive." Rustam asked, "I have heard w ha t you have t osay . Will you a l low u s grace s o that you and us may look in to th e m at ter?""Certainly," Hadh rat Rib'ee 4 responded, "How much time do you require?On e ,da y? Two days?" "No ," sa id Rus tam , "We need t ime to wr i t e to o u rconsultative assembly an d our leaders." Hadhrat Rib'ee %Ww said, "Rasu lullaah@%%as not set such a precedent that allows enemies more than three daysrespite at the time of battle. Look into the matter for your benefit and for thebenefit of your peo ple an d then cho ose o ne of the three op tions before th e expiryof the (three day) term." Rustam ask ed , "Are you the leader of your people?" "No,"replied Hadhrat Rib'ee 5&$3&!2j,but all Muslims are like a sing le body. The low estof them m ay grant a mn esty (to a n enemy) which is binding o n th e highest ofthem."Rustam g athered the leaders of his people an d asked , "Have you ever heardwo rds mo re powerful yet a s gent le a s tho se of that m an?" They said, "Allaahforbid that you should have taken a liking to anything that he said and forsakeyour religion for that dog! Did you not see his clothing?" Rustam said to them,"Shame on you! Do no t look at clothing but rather look a t the prudence, th espe ech a nd th e personality. The Arabs care little for clothing an d food bu t a recovetous ab ou t their lineage."Hadhrat Hudhayfa bin Mihsin %Gwj and HadhratMughiera bin Shu'ba%G@23 present the Da'wah to

Rustam on the Second and Third DaysThe next day, the Persians asked for another person and Hadhrat Sa'd w 5sent Hadhrat Hudhayfa bin Mihsin B,!i5QGho addressed them in the mannerthat Hadhrat Rib'ee 4 ! E j did. On the third day, Hadhrat Mughiera bin Shu'ba?iB%&was sent and he spoke to them in a very pleasant manner and in greatdetai l . In their discussion, Rustam said to Hadhrat Mughiera %GW, "Yourcoming to our land is like a fly that saw some honey and announced, 'Whoevertakes me to the honey shall receive two Dirhams.' However, wh en the fly fell intothe hon ey, it started drowning an d could find no e scap e despite all its efforts. Itthen ann oun ced , 'Whoever r emoves me f rom the honey sha l l receive fou rDirhams.' Your example is also like a weak fox that en tered a vineyard throug h a.hole in th e wall. Seeing tha t it wa s s o weak and frail, the owner of th e vineyardtook pity on it and left it alone. However, when the fox became fat, it started


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240 THE LIVES OF THE SAHABAH '@,%@&> (VoI I )caus ing grea t damag e to t he v ineyard s o tha t ow ner came wi th a s t i ck andsought help from two of his slaves. When the fox tried to escape through thehole, it wa s unable to do s o because it had grown s o fat and the o wner of thevineyard hit it until it died. This is how you people will leave our land." Rustamthen filled with rage and took a n o ath by the s u n saying, "I shall kill you alltomorrow!"Hadhra t Mughiera bin Shu 'ba h m almly said, "You will soon find out."Rustam then said to Hadhrat M ughiera W-, "I have issued th e comm and thateach of you should receive a set of clothing and that your commander shouldreceive a tho usa nd Dinaars together with a set of clothing and a conveyance. Youshou ld the n leave us." Hadhrat Mughiera said, "You wish to do this afterwe have we akened your kingdom and diminished your respect? We have been awhile in your kingdom and shall take the Jizya from you, which you shall pay byhand a s subjects submitting to our authority. Regardless of what you think, youwill soon become our slaves." when Hadhrat Mughiera B G w said this,Rustam flew into a towering rage. ( ')

Hadhrat Sa'd%$Gw Sends a group of SahabahBWw to give Da'wah to the Persian Leader BeforeEngaging in BattleHadhrat Abu Waa'il ~, !5W arrates, "Hadhrat Sa'd $jWB.&imarched with theMuslim army until they set up camp at a place called Qaadisiyya. I cannot tell.precisely but we numbered no more than seven or eight thousand while theMushrikeen numbered thirty thousand." This is the figure according to thisnarration . However, according to a narration of Hadhrat say+'), the Kuffaar armynumbered eighty thousand. Another nar ration p laces th e figure of Rustam'sa r m y a t a h u n d r e d a n d t w en ty t h o u s a n d w i th a n o t h e r e i gh t y t h o u s a n dreinforcements. In addition to this, Rustam had thirty three elephants, led by thelargest which w as a w hite elephan t belonging t o Saaboor. All the o ther elep han tsobeyed this elepha nt. Like this n arration, there are o the rs citing various figures.(Because of their might) The Persians told the Sahabah We-, You have nostrength, no power and no weapons to resist us. You should rather go backhome."Undeterred, the Sahabah @,- reiterated that they were not going back. ThePers ians a l so l aughed a t t he a r rows of the S ahabah W,133% and would say ,"Dook! Dook!" By this they compared the arrow s to spindles (b ecause "dook" is aPersian word referring t o knitting needles). However, when the Sahabah W , G i jrefused t o re tu rn, th e Persians said, "Send to u s o ne of you r inte l lectuals toexplaintouswhatbringsyouhere." Hadhrat Mughiera binShuba W i olunteered forthe task. When he went, he sat on Rustam's throne, causing the courtiers to(1) NB idaaya wan Nihaaya (Vo1.7 Pg.38). Tabari (Vo1.4 Pg.105) has $so narrated it and mentioned the

detailed Da'wah that Hadhrat Zuhra, Hadhrat Mughiera, Hadhrat Rib'ee and Hadhrat Hudhayfa&W&L%ave.

( 2 )A/ Bidaaya wan Nihaaya (Vol.7 Pg.38).


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THE LIVES OF THE SAHABAH (Vol-I) 241snort and shout. Hadhrat Mughiera- aid to them, "This neither elevatesmy st atus n or reduces tha t of your leader." "True," said R ustam, "Now tell m e whyyou have come?"(To agitate Rustam,) Hadhrat Mughiera !i3w said, 'We were a nation that wereinvolved in evil an d deviant acts . Allaah then sent a Nabi to us by means bf which

fAllaah guided u s an d provided sus ten anc e for us . Amongst t he fo od s Allaahgrante d u s were grains which grow in these parts. When we ate this an d fed it toour families, they said , 'This is not sufficient. Take us t o tha t land s o that we maye a t tho se grains." ' Ru stam exclaim ed, "We sha ll the n kill yo u all!" H ad hr atMughiera BWj sa id , "If you k ill u s , we sha l l en te r J an na h bu t if we ki l l(defeat) you, (those of) you (who die) will enter Jahannam and (those whosurvive will have to ) pay th e Jizya."When Hadhrat Mughiera ?%3EW+jpok e abou t paying th e Jizya, the cou r t ie rssnorted and shouted, here can be n o agreem ent between you an d us!" Ha dhratMughiera- hen asked , "Should we cro ss the river to com e to you o r willyou be crossing the river to come to us?" Rustam said, 'We shall be crossingover." The Muslim army then w ithdrew a sh ort distance for the Persians to c ro ssth e river an d the n attacked them and defeated them.Hadhrat Mu'aawiya bin Qurra ?&EiWnarrates tha t when the Battle of Qaadisiyyatook place , Hadhra t Mughiera @3W6 wa s sen t to mee t th e Pe rs ian l eade r .Hadhrat Mughiera %3!3@%sked for ten men who were then sent with him. Hes t ra ighte ned h is c lothes , took his shie ld and th en le ft . When they reached ,Hadhrat Mughiera %8!3&$ told his companions to put down a shield, which hesa t on . The la rge Pers ian co mm ander sa id , "0 Arabs! I know wel l wha t h a sbrou ght you here. You people d o no t have sufficient food in your country t o fillyour bellies. We shall give all the food you need for we are fire-worshippers andd o no t like fighting you . You will only make o ur land impure."Hadhrat M ughiera W,GW sa id to him, "By Allaah! This is certainly not th e reaso ntha t b roug ht u s . We were a na t ion tha t used to worsh ip s to ne s and ido l s .Whenever we found a stone that looked better than another, we discarded thefirst on e and ad opted the next. We knew no deity until Allaah sen t to us a Rasulfrom am ong st our own people. He called us to Islaam an d we followed him. Wehave not come for food but we have been commanded to fight those enemiesof o u rs w ho reject Islaam. We have not come for food but have come to kill yo ursoldiers and capture your families. As for what you have mentioned about thescarcity of food in our land, I swear by my life that we certainly do not haveeno ugh to fill ou r bellies and sometimes we d o not even find anything to drinkfor a long whi le . However , a fte r coming to your l ands , we have found a nabundance of food and water. By Allaah! We shall now not leave here until thisland belongs either to you or us." The large Persian said in his language, "He h a sspok en the tru th." He then said, 'Your eye shall lose an eye tomorrow." (As Allaahdecreed) Hadhrat Mughiera @,Wjid lose an eye the following day when a(1 ) Ibn Jareeras quoted in AIBidaaya wan Nihaaya (Vo1.7 Pg.40).Haakim (Vo1.3 Pg.451).


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242 THE LIVES OF THE SAHABAH /@@&Vol-I)stray arrow struck him. (')Hadhrat Sayf narra tes th at H adhrat Sa'd kBG&$ sen t a group of Sahabah i4Bwto th e P ers ian leader to invite h im to Is laam before the bat t le . When theyrequested permission to se e hi m , permission w as granted and the people of thecity cam e to have a look at their appearan ce. TheiSahabah BGw were wearingthei r shaw ls over the ir sh oulders , carr ied thei r whips in the ir ha nd s , wer ewearing sandals and their horses were extremely weak because of which theyt r ead h eav i l y o n t h e g ro u n d . Th e p eo p l e w e re s t ru ck w i t h i n ex p l i cab l eastonishment wh en they saw them. They w

life of companions of holy prophet muhammad pbuh vol. 3

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