life in the paleozoic ocean planet & the great migration ocean planet & the great migration
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Life in the PaleozoicLife in the Paleozoic
Ocean Planet &
The Great Migration
Ocean Planet &
The Great Migration
Paleozoic
Era Age (Myrs) Epoch
0.01Holocene
1.8Pleistocene
5.3Pliocene
23.8Miocene
33.6Oligocene
54.8Eocene
65Paleocene
144
206
248
290
323
354
417
443
490
543
2500
3800
Precambrian
Phanerozoic
Eon
Proterozoic
Archean
Hadean
Period
Quaternary
Tertiary
Neogene
Paleocene
Mississippian
Cenozoic
Mesozoic
Paleozoic
Cretaceous
Jurassic
Age of the Earth 4600 Myrs (4.6 Byrs)Source: Geological Society of America (1999)
Geologic Time Scale
Devonian
Silurian
Ordivician
Cambrian
Triassic
Permian
Pennsylvanian
543-248 Myr
Early
Middle
Late
Skeletons and ShellsSmall Shelly Fossils
(SSF’s)
(Very) LateProterozoic
Shells & Skeletons:Advantages of Hard Parts
1. Protection from UV - survive in shallow water2. Prevents drying out - intertidal zone3. Predator protection4. Provides support - inc. size5. Potential to build reefs
Advantage to us - make better fossils!
Planet Ocean
Early Paleozoic
Ray Troll
Major Animal PhylumAll originate in the Early Paleozoic
Marine Lifestyles
Pelagic (“Open Water Dwellers”)Deep or Shallow
Benthic (“Bottom Dwellers”)
Pelagic Lifestyles
Plankton (“Drifters”)
Nekton (“Swimmers”)
Benthic LifestylesEpifaunal (“Above Ground”)
Infauna (“Below Ground”)
Cambrian Fossils
Burgess Shale
Ray Troll
“Jump” in Diversity
Cambrian Explosion
Wiwaxia
Hallucigenia
© 2003 by Karen Carr
Opabinia
Anomalocaris
Pikaia(early Chordate)
Trilobites(Arthropods)
Trilobite Eye
Other Arthropods
(Chengjiang, China)
Porifera (Sponges)
Porifera(Sponges)
Animation
SpongeSpicules
FossilPaleozoicSponge
A Semi-Colonial Ancestor to all
Animals?
Cnideria (Corals & Jellyfish)
Types
Corals
Order Tabulata (Extinct)
Order Rugosa (Horn Corals)
(Extinct)
Order Scleratina (Hexacorals)
Bryozoans (Moss Animals)
Lacy Bryozoans
Freshwater Bryozoan
Bryozoan Colony
First Fossils: Ordovician
Fossil Bryozoan
Graptolites
Dendroid
Graptoloid
Mollusks
Ordovician Cephalopods
Ordovician Gastropods
Brachiopods (Lamp Shells)
Annelids (Segmented Worms)
Cambrian(China)
Echinoderms
What Led to the Cambrian Explosion?
Hard Parts?
Predators?