life expectancy
TRANSCRIPT
A powerpoint to explain Life Expectancy.
Level: Secondary school. Subjects: History, geography & social studies. What you need: A computer, a screen and a projector.
The two key messages are: (1) Life expectancy is a mean and (2) When life expectancy is low, this is mostly due to a very high child mortality.
To illustrate these points we compare the expected life spans
of 5 newborns in Burundi with those of 5 newborns in
Sweden.
Instructions and background information can be found at:
www.gapminder.org/downloads/life-expectancy-ppt
Start with the next slide
This fi rst slide is not intended to be shown
LicenseYou are free to use and re-distribute this material for non-commercial purposes under a creative commons licence. We ask you to credit as the source: www.gapminder.org
Produced byMattias Lindgren, the Gapminder Foundation. Version: 2010-09-07
Photo creditsModels are used for the portraits, with the permission of the models / guardians of the models. The life spans in the examples are based on mortality statistics and do not represent the life spans of the individual models. Their names are made up for illustration only.
The 10 Swedish portraits are by Mathias Grate. The 9 Burundian portraits are by Sylvain Liechti. The Burundian landscape are from Xavier Damman (cc) http://tiny.cc/ycv7i , the Swedish landscape are from finbar_mad (cc) http://tiny.cc/urih8 . The Africa map are Wikimedia commons http://tiny.cc/kcjhm . The hour glass picture is from an unknown source. Please let us know if you have taken that picture and want to be credited, or if we have infringed on any copyright.
Life expectancy
… is the average
lifespan a newborn can expect
… is short when
child deaths are common
20 000 $2000 $200 $
Income per person (comparable dollars per year)
100
80
60
40
20
0
Life
exp
ecta
ncy
(yea
rs)
1000
100
1Population(millions)
50 yearsBurundi
81 yearsSweden
20 000 $2000 $200 $
Income per person (comparable dollars per year)
100
80
60
40
20
0
Life
exp
ecta
ncy
(yea
rs)
1000
100
1Population(millions)
50 yearsBurundi
Burundi
C a n y o u g e t o l d i n B u r u n d i ?
200720 000 $2000 $200 $
Income per person (comparable dollars per year)
100
80
60
40
20
0
Age
(yea
rs)
Life
exp
ecta
ncy
(yea
rs)
50 years
1000
100
1Population(millions)
Burundi
Burundi2007Burundi
200720 000 $2000 $200 $
Income per person (comparable dollars per year)
100
80
60
40
20
0
Age
(yea
rs)
Life
exp
ecta
ncy
(yea
rs)
50 years
1000
100
1Population(millions)
Burundi
Burundi2007Look at the expected
life of five newbornBurundians…
100
80
60
40
20
0
Age
(yea
rs)
SarahAnnJeanLizPierre
Burundi2007
…if conditions remain as in Burundi in 2007during their whole lifetime?
How long will they live…
100
80
60
40
20
0
Age
(yea
rs)
SarahAnnJeanLizPierre
Burundi2007 84
7257
36
1
100
80
60
40
20
0
Age
(yea
rs)
SarahAnnJeanLizPierre
Burundi2007 84
7257
36
1
child
adult
old
So yes, 2 of 5get old in Burundi
100
80
60
40
20
0
Age
(yea
rs)
SarahAnnJeanLizPierre
Burundi2007 84
7257
36
1
This is the Life Expectancy
50 years
Calculate the mean…1+36+57+72+84
5= 50
20 000 $2000 $200 $
Income per person (comparable dollars per year)
100
80
60
40
20
0
Life
exp
ecta
ncy
(yea
rs)
8472
57
36
1
Burundi
1000
100
1Population(millions)
Burundi2007
50 years
81 yearsSweden
31 years
20 000 $2000 $200 $
Income per person (comparable dollars per year)
100
80
60
40
20
0
Life
exp
ecta
ncy
(yea
rs)
1000
100
1Population(millions)
81 yearsSwedenSweden
D o a l l S w e d e s l i v e 3 1 y e a r s l o n g e r
t h a n t h e B u r u n d i a n s ?
200720 000 $2000 $200 $
Income per person (comparable dollars per year)
100
80
60
40
20
0
Life
exp
ecta
ncy
(yea
rs)
1000
100
1Population(millions)
81 years
Look at the expected life of five newbornSwedes…
2007Sweden Sweden
Age
(yea
rs)
100
80
60
40
20
0
Age
(yea
rs)
SaraAntonJanLisaPer
How long will they live…
…if conditions remain as in Sweden in 2007during their whole lifetime?
2007Sweden
100
80
60
40
20
0
93Ag
e (y
ears
)
SaraAntonJanLisaPer
Sweden2007
6377 84 88
1 adult
4 old
100
80
60
40
20
0
93Ag
e (y
ears
)
SaraAntonJanLisaPer
Sweden2007
6377 84 88
63+77+84+88+935
=81
81 years
Calculate the mean…
Sweden2007
100
80
60
40
20
01000
100
1Population(millions)Li
fe e
xpec
tanc
y (y
ears
)Sweden
81 years
20 000 $2000 $200 $
Income per person (comparable dollars per year)
Let’s compareSweden
Burundi
20 000 $2000 $200 $
Income per person (comparable dollars per year)
100
80
60
40
20
0
Life
exp
ecta
ncy
(yea
rs)
1000
100
1Population(millions)
81 yearsSweden
50 yearsBurundi
100
80
60
40
20
0
Age
(yea
rs)
200781
50
100
80
60
40
20
0
Age
(yea
rs)
2007
But “dying young” in Swedenis very different
from “dying young” in Burundi
So, no,
all Burundians do not live 31
years shorter than Swedes
“To live long” in Swedenis almost the same as
“to live long” in Burundi
Life expectancy… is an average
… is low when child-deaths are common
-Most Burundians get older than 50-Some die in childhood
-It is low in Burundi not because all die a bit earlier
-But because some die much younger