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Life Cycle Assessment

of Products and Services to

Assess Sustainability

By ir. Erik L.J. Bohez,

Associate Professor,

Industrial & Manufacturing

Engineering

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What is LCA?

What is Life Cycle of

Product or Service?

What is Sustainability?

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LCA is the report on total effect of

Emissions to the soil, water and air

during the life cycle of the product+

Interpretation+Recommendations

Life Cycle = Extraction+production

+use+disposal (EoL)

How to make the report -> ISO 14043

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How to Do an LCA?

Collect Data (Inhouse/Outside)

Surveys Define Scenarios Structure Data and Define Funtional Unit

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Use LCA software such as

SimaPro

SimaPro has Methods to Compute eco-indicators

SimaPro has LCI Databases e.g. EcoInvent

Easy Report/Result Generator

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Data collection

Energy + raw materials

Air Emissions CO CO2 N2O NOx SOx VOC etc..

Unit Process

Waterborne Emissions BOD COD Metals Suspended particles etc..

Solid Emissions Heavy metals Sludge Ash

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Life Cycle Impact Assessment Inventory Classification Characterization Normalization Weighting

Air emissions

Water emissions

Energy

Solid waste

Greenhouse

Ozone depletion

Acidification

Eutrophication

Greenhouse

Ozone depletion

Acidification

Eutrophication

x A x B

x Y

x A x B

x Y

x A x B

x Y

x A x B

x Y

Greenhouse

Ozone depletion

Acidification

Eutrophication

x NF

x NF

x NF

x NF

Score

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2.Normalization/Weighting more subjective

ISO require 1. Classification/Characterization

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Endpoint Method in Detail (EI99)

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Example of ReCiPe

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INTERPRETATION

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Spoon Comparative LCA with Simapro

PROCESS

Package

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Functional Unit: Using a Spoon for 10 Year

Reference Flows:

8 Al Spoons

3 Stainless Steel Spoons

15 Ceramic Spoons

15 Melamine Spoons

10 Wooden Spoons

1 Spoon dishwashed every 2.5 days

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Surveys Average Life of each spoon type -> needed for FU and Reference Flow

Average number of spoons per person in family Average numbers of dishwashes in family -> 3times a day

Average dishwashes per spoon every -> 2.5 days What is the equivalence between washing a 1 liter bottle and washing a spoon

->1bottle wash is equivalent to 5 spoon washes

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Proxy Process for Cleaning/Dishwashing Spoon

Processes -> Glass -> washing Bottles

If You have a better standard database

You can look under Chemicals

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Now we can compare Al/Ceramic spoon until end of 1 life span

Al spoon 10/8 years ; Ceramic spoon 10/15 years

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We Can also compare 8 Al Spoons with 15

Ceramic spoons (10 year spoon use)

See FU

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Process tree for 1 aluminum spoon until the end of the USE phase

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Process tree for 1 aluminum spoon until the end of the USE phase

With Expanded First level (Click on + sign) to show packaging

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Process tree for 1 Ceramic spoon until the end of the USE phase not all processes

are shown only most impacting to show click on + signs

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We will now complete the life cycle for the AL spoon and Ceramic spoon

The End Of Life we will consider is Landfilling and Recycling

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We will now complete the life cycle for the AL spoon With the transportation to the landfill

And the Landfill Waste/Disposal from Buwal B250 Standard database in Simapro

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Partial Tree for the complete life cycle of AL spoon with Landfill EOL

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Complete life cycle for the AL spoon with the transportation and the recycled

Waste/Disposal from Buwal B250 Standard database in Simapro

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Partial Tree for the complete life cycle of AL spoon with Recycle EO

Note the Green Color bar!!!

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Comparing Al/Ceramic spoon Use over 10 year with Landfill or Recycling EOL

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Comparing Al/Ceramic spoon Use over 10 year with Landfill or Recycling EOL

How to Conclude?!@$%&*

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Thank You For Your

Attention!!

Any Questions??

bohez@ait.ac.th