leveraging human-centered computing with trust

Leveraging Human-Centered Computing with Trust

Do trust matters?

@ Sónia Sousa, 2013

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This presentation covers...

• Contextualization

• The research goals and questions

• The overall research methodology• The expected contributions and results– Results so far– Some assumptions and questions


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Contextual aim


• Design and develop strategies to foster Trust among systems designers

• Develop and evaluate a toolset to monitor Trust levels

• Facilitating the deployment of trust level regulation interventions.

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Contextual aim

• Taking into consideration – knowledge sharing • the ways we perceive and handle information

– Learning interactions• the way we use our cultural context and relate to our

environment

– Individual's active participation • The way we create and maintain social relations

– Individual's cooperation• the way we go about (cooperate) in our work and life


WHY Human-Centered

Computing….

6Human-Centered Computing


• Closely related to field – human-computer interaction; and ce

• focused on ergonomics and the usability of computing artifacts

– information science• focused on practices surrounding the collection,

manipulation, and use of information;

• Is an emerging interdisciplinary academic field concerned with – Computing and computational artifacts as they relate to

the human condition.

WHY TRUST….

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Trust? (assumptions)

• Trust is in fact a crucial element – in human relationship

• Trust is a fundamental for influencing – individual's participation; and – Cooperation

• Consequences– Trust engenders more efficient collaboration– Trusting

• Influences the level of commitment• Reduces the level of uncertainty• Influences the performance

(e.g. Yan, 2010; Mcknight, 1996; Constantine, 2006, Preece, 2004) (e.g. Garfinkel, 1963; Coleman, 1988; Fukuyama, 1995, Weber, 2003)

The research…

Research strategies

Approach one • research questions

– How do the large user base systems and technologies foster trust?

– To what extent were these systems and technologies designed for trust?

– How to systematically support designing for trust?

Approach two• research questions

– divided in two sets of questions1. Develop and evaluate a

toolset to monitor trust levels; and

2. The deployment of interventions designed to regulate (moderate, improve, recover) trust levels.


11The toolset to monitor trust

• Research questions– What data can be used to monitor trust?– How often should data be sampled to generate

robust trust indicators?– How should data samples be collected taking into

account that the impact of the sampling process in the generation of confidence indicators should be minimized?

– What metrics should be used to express trust levels?– How should trust indicators be interpreted?


12Deployment of interventions

• Design interventions to regulate (moderate, improve, recover) trust levels– What interventions result in favorable changes in

trust indicators?– How to facilitate the design and deployment of

these interventions?


So far…

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Focus and Scope

• Focus on approach 2. – To design, develop and evaluate a toolset to

monitor trust levels• Then facilitating the deployment of trust level

regulation interventions.

• Finally – Investigate on strategies to unobtrusively inform

the design processes on how to Leveraging Human-Centered Computing with Trust


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Strategy…

• Research questions addressed so far– What data can be used to monitor trust?– How often should data be sampled to generate

robust trust indicators?– How often should data be sampled to generate

robust trust indicators?– What metrics should be used to express trust

levels?– How should trust indicators be interpreted?


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Framework of reference

• Builds on my previous body of knowledge – Aiming to leverage the sustainability of Digital

ecosystems, by• Perceiving Trust as an interaction facilitator construct.

• Bridges various disciplines • On Human-Centered Computing (HCC) focus on

– humans with systems, – humans with technologies, – humans with their environment, – humans with humans integration

• On the previously knowledge on Trust• On previous knowledge of distance education paradigms


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Specifically...

• Observing on three main trust factors– the course mediators, • Trust towards Teacher’s/facilitators and learner’s

interactions,

– Course learning artifacts; and – Course learning environment.

• Focus on a socio-technical model of Trust– Which represent the interceptions of • Human-Computer Trust Components; and • The dynamic nature of Trust in relationships


18Measuring and dimensions scales

• The Measuring scales– Student’s trust predispositions; and– Student’s rational and emotional perceptions;

• The Dimensions scales: – Students’ Motivation; – Willingness towards the learn activities; – Trust predisposition towards three main factors– Students’ rational perception towards

• competence, predictability and reliability

– Students irrational perceptions on • reciprocity and benevolence and and honesty @ Sónia Sousa, 2013

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Trust social-technical model

20The measurement instrument


• The observed case study: – Goal…

• Monitor student's trust – Performance and behavioural patterns through time;

• Measuring student’s trust – Attitudes and expectations through time;

– Instruments:• A survey instrument – design based on…

– Three main trust factors– The socio-technical model of trust

• Additional collecting data sample – gather from...– Interviews to teachers; – Transcription of online sysncronous and asyncronous

communications and interactions

Results so far

A survey instrument

Monitor learner’s attitudes– One time samples of the

questionnaire– Second ongoing– Expect to have 4 more samples


1. Leveraging engagement and participation in e-learning with trust

2. Round table panel - Leveraging learning collaboration with Trust.

8th International Conference on e-Learning. ICEL 2013, Cape Town, South Africa.

Motivation + Willingness

Trust Predisposition in others

Trust predisposition in me

MOT Will0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

1.5

2.5

2

2.42.5

2.05

1

1.7

Strongly agreeAgreeNo opinionDisagree

Students Teachers Course Institution Technology0

1

2

3

4

5

6

1.50

2.50

1.00

2.00

1.00

3.50 3.50 3.503.00

5.50

1.501.00 1.00

0.500.00

0.500.00

1.50 1.50

0.50


• I believe this course is exactly what I need• I am willing to participate in all activities

• I trust my colleagues’ attitudes • I trust my teachers are doing their best• I trust this course will fulfill my expectations • I trust my university provides an adequate learning context• I trust the chosen online tools


Results so far…

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Competency


1

2

3

4

5

6

1.00

1.50 1.50

1.00

1.75

5.00

3.00 3.00

4.00

1.83

0.50

1.50

2.00 2.00

1.00

0.50

1.00

0.50

0.00

1.25


• My colleagues are competent• The teacher is well informed on the course’s topics• The course materials are comprehensive • The university provides the necessary conditions

for this course• The chosen online tools adequately support the

course


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Predictability


1

2

3

4

5

6

1.00

2.50

1.50

1.00

2.00

5.50

3.50 3.50

3.00

3.50


• I can count on my colleagues to do their part in the course

• I know I can count on my teachers’ support• The course is progressing according to plan• I can always count with my university support• The online tools behave in expected ways


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Reliability


0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

3.00

2.50

4.00

1.50

4.00

1.00

1.50

2.00

3.50

0.00


• I can rely on my colleagues• I can always count with my teachers’

support• The course provides up-to-date knowledge• The university is dependable• The online tools are always available


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Benevolence

Students Teachers Course0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

3.5

3

1.5

3.5

2.5

3.5


• My colleagues are friendly• My teachers care about me• The university has goodwill


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Honesty

Students Teachers Course0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

4.50

3.00

3.50


• My colleagues have good principles• This course’s teachers honour their

commitments• The university is fair


Assumptions

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Assumption 1

• No general motivation towards the course• Strongly agree on their

– Willingness to fulfill the course; and– Predisposition to trust in the technology.

• Strongly believe that they can count on their colleagues for support.

• Agree on the– Competence of their colleagues and the institution;– Rely on the course and technology available;– Believe on the good will of their colleagues and teachers; and the– Honesty of the their colleagues and institution.


Can it validate

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Assumption 2

• Need to provide a broader understanding – How to• Support new strategies for foster Trust in digital

environments and media;• Sustain the eLearning experience

– By leverage Trust and foster participation; and – Strengthen learning collaboration and work cooperation at a

distance

– Eventually come up with the idea of a new course • Evaluating the eLearning experience course

– As a new propose for strength the teaching at a distance process and foster research in Digital Learning Ecosystems


Makes sense?

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Course proposal

• Main idea– Provide an holistic approach to teach and foster research in

Digital Learning Ecosystems• Name could be

– Evaluating the eLearning experience• Focus on today’s changes on

– learning and cooperating activities; and– our understanding of how humans interact with and through computers.

• Course goal…– understand the consequences of fostering learning experience

on people’s performance through time@ Sónia Sousa, 2013

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Course goal

• Is to broaden the perceived scope of – Interaction design and User experience; – Design for learning; and– Distance learning pedagogies.

• by focusing on – how to cater for evaluating of learners' experience

when using the eLearning systems, technologies and applications.


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Assumption 3

• There is a lack of clear research plan. – The plan is more in terms of objectives and sub-

research questions. • How conceptual and empirical analyses are going to be

linked and mixed together should be clearly defined

• Better clarity in methods to be used would be needed– Plan how conceptual and empirical analyses are

going to be linked and mixed together


Suggestions…