lessons learned from past notable disasters australia part 1: floods walter hays, global alliance...

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LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

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Page 1: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS

AUSTRALIAPART 1: FLOODS

Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna,

Virginia, USA 

Page 2: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

AUSTRALIA

Page 3: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED DISASTERS IN AUSTRALIADISASTERS IN AUSTRALIA

NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED DISASTERS IN AUSTRALIADISASTERS IN AUSTRALIA

FLOODS

CYCLONES

EARTHQUAKES

WILDFIRES

ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE

GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE

HIGH BENEFIT/COST FOR SAVING LIVES, BUT LOW BEMEFIT/COST FOR PROTECTING PROPERTY

HIGH BENEFIT/COST FOR SAVING LIVES, BUT LOW BEMEFIT/COST FOR PROTECTING PROPERTY

GOAL: MOVE PEOPLE OUT GOAL: MOVE PEOPLE OUT OF HARM’S WAYOF HARM’S WAY

GOAL: MOVE PEOPLE OUT GOAL: MOVE PEOPLE OUT OF HARM’S WAYOF HARM’S WAY

Page 4: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

Natural Phenomena that Cause Disasters

Planet Earth’s atmospheric-hydrospheric-lithospheric interactions create situations favorable for FLOODS

Page 5: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

A DISASTER is ---

--- the set of failures that overwhelm the capability of a community to respond without external help  when three continuums: 1)  people, 2) community (i.e., a set of habitats, livelihoods, and social constructs), and 3) complex events (e.g., floods, wildfires, ...,) intersect at a point in space and time.

Page 6: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

Disasters are caused by single- or multiple-event natural hazards that, (for various reasons), cause

extreme levels of mortality, morbidity, homelessness,

joblessness, economic losses, or environmental impacts.

Page 7: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

FLOOD HAZARDS

Page 8: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

FLOOD HAZARDS (AKA

POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS)

• TOO MUCH WATER DISCHARGED WITHIN THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM TO BE ACCOMMODATED NORMALLY IN THE REGIONAL WATER CYCLE

• EROSION

• SCOUR

• MUDFLOWS

Page 9: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

LOSS OF FUNCTION OF STRUCTURES IN FLOODPLAIN

FLOODSFLOODS

INUNDATION

INTERACTION WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

STRUCTURAL/CONTENTS DAMAGE FROM WATER

WATER BORNE DISEASES (HEALTH PROBLEMS)

EROSION AND MUDFLOWS

CONTAMINATION OF GROUND WATER

CAUSES OF RISK

CAUSES OF RISK

CASE HISTORIESCASE HISTORIES

Page 10: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

AUSTRALIA’S AUSTRALIA’S COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIESAUSTRALIA’S AUSTRALIA’S COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES

DATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATIONDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION

HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS

•HAZARDS•INVENTORY AT RISK•VULNERABILITY•LOCATION

FLOOD RISK FLOOD RISK

RISK

ACCEPTABLE RISK

UNACCEPTABLE RISK

FLOOD DISASTER FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE

•PREPAREDNESS•PROTECTION•EARLY WARNING•EMERGENCY RESPONSE•RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION

POLICY OPTIONSPOLICY OPTIONS

Page 11: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

HIGH POTENTIAL LOSS EXPOSURES IN FLOODS

Entire communities;

People, property, infra-structure, business enterprise, government centers, crops, wildlife, and natural resources.

Page 12: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE

ALL FLOODS PREPAREDNESFOR THE EXPECTED AND UNEXPEDTED IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

Page 13: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE

ALL FLOODS TIMELY EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

Page 14: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

AUSTRALIA’S WORST FLOODS

Look at what happened in 2010-2011?

Page 15: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

RECORD FLOODING IN AUSTRALIA:

NEW SOUTH WALESROCKHAMPTONTOOWOOMBA

BRISBANE

DECEMBER 10 – JANUARY 16, 2011

Page 16: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

75 % OF QUEENSLAND A DISASTER ZONE

Page 17: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

DECEMBER STORMS BROUGHT HEAVY RAINFALL: DEC. 17, 2010

Page 18: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

IMPACTS: GREAT QUEENSLAND

FLOODING INUNDATED 22 TOWNS, DISPLACED 200,000,

KILLED 35, AND CAUSED LOSSES OF OVER $5 BILLION

Page 19: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

NEW SOUTH WALES: 45 FLOOD DISASTER ZONES

Page 20: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

INUNDATED ROADWAYS SHUT DOWN TRUCKS

Page 21: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

TOWN OF THEODORE: INUNDATED

Page 22: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

THEODORE’S HOUSES INUNDATED

Page 23: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

TOWN OF BUNDABERG INUNDATED

Page 24: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

TOWN OF BUNDABERG INUNDATED

Page 25: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

TOWN OF BUNDABERG: INTERIOR DAMAGE

Page 26: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

THE SECOND PHASE OF FLOODING HAPPENED IN

JANUARY

AN AREA OF FLOODING THE SIZE OF FRANCE AND GERMANY (OR, TEXAS AND NEW MEXICO) COMBINED WAS

CREATED IN QUEENSLAND

Page 27: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

ROCKHAMPTON HIT HARD

• Rockhampton, a town of 77,000 people 370 miles north of Brisbane, lies close to the coast, on the Fitzroy, one of Australia's largest river systems.

Page 28: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

ROCKHAMPTON ISOLATED

• All main routes to the south, north and west of the city were cut off by the rising water, rail lines and the airport runways were submerged, and floodwaters stretched for several miles in each direction.

Page 29: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

ROCKHAMPTON: LIKE AN ISLAND, JANUARY 3, 2011

Page 30: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

QUEENSLAND: WIDESPREAD IMPACTS

• Socioeconomic impacts for about 200 thousand people included: industrial slow-down, evacuations, a plague of snakes and crocodiles, and health care problems associated with evacuation and water-borne diseases.

Page 31: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

FLEEING WITH POSSESSIONS: JANUARY 3, 2011

Page 32: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

INUNDATED AIRPORT RUNWAYS: JANUARY 3, 2011

Page 33: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

SANDBAGGING: JANUARY 3, 2011

Page 34: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

FITZROY RIVER STILL RISING: JANUARY 3, 2011

Page 35: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

FITZROY RIVER PEAKED AT 9.2 M: JANUARY 6, 2011

Page 36: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

W ILDLIFE AFFECTED

• The local wildlife was caught off-guard by the flooding; bewildered and hungry kangaroos moved to high ground, and cattle were left lost and confused by the excessive water that inundated everything.

Page 37: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

FLOOD WATERS IMPACT COAL INDUSTRY: JAN 7, 2011

Page 38: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

COAL MINING INFRASTRUCTURE AFFECTED

• Australia's coal industry faced months of disruption as the result of key rail and road links being washed away during the flooding, and repairs of some infra-structure expected to take a year or more.

Page 39: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

THE THIRD PHASE OF FLOODING BEGAN WITH A

FLASH FLOOD

JANUARY 11, 2011

Page 40: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

FLASH FLOOD IN FLASH FLOOD IN TOOWOOMBATOOWOOMBA

• The flash flood, which brought a one kilometer wide wall of water into Toowoomba, was triggered by a freak storm — with up to 150 millimeters (6 inches) of rain in half an hour.

Page 41: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

FLASH FLOOD:TOOWOOMBA,

Page 42: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

FLASH FLOOD BRINGS WALL OF WATER: TOOMOOMBA: JAN 11, 2011

Page 43: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

IMPACTS

• Cars were transformed into “boats” and then scrap metal as they floated away; giant metal industrial bins were tossed about as if made of paper; and houses were torn off their foundations.

Page 44: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

THE FOURTH PHASE OF FLOODING BEGAN IN

BRISBANE

JANUARY 11 AND FOLLOWING

Page 45: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

BRISBANE

• The city is protected by a large dam built upstream after floods devastated the downtown in 1974, but the reservoir was full, so officials had no choice but to release water, which caused flooding before the “FLOOD”.

Page 46: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

BRISBANE

• MORE than 50 suburbs were flooded as the Brisbane River rose to 4.5 m or more above flood stage, with some areas being completely inundated.

Page 47: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

BRISBANE PREPARING FOR FLOODING: JAN 8, 2011

Page 48: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

BRISBANE: BEFORE FLOODING

Page 49: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

BRISBANE: AFTER FLOODING

Page 50: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

BRISBANE FLOODING: ADMIRALTY TOWERS; JAN 11, 2011

Page 51: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

BRISBANE FLOODING: JAN 11, 2011

Page 52: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

BRISBANE FLOODING: JAN 11, 2011

Page 53: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

BRISBANE RIVER CRESTED AT 4.46 M: JAN 12, 2011

Page 54: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

EMERGENCY SERVICES

• A difficult situation was made even more so by thunderstorms, high winds, raging rivers, and driving rain that made it very hard for helicopters and boats to reach and rescue flood victims.

Page 55: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

WATER: URGENT NEEDS

• The Lockyer Valley Council, west of Brisbane, reported that its town water supply had failed and only hours of reserves remained for some towns

Page 56: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE

ALL FLOODS

EARLY WARN-ING (THE ISS) AND EVACU-ATION ARE ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

Page 57: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE

ALL FLOODS

RECOVERY AND RECON-STRUCTION USUALLY MEANS STARTING OVER.

Page 58: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

IT CAN BE DONE!IT CAN BE DONE!

• TOWARDS FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE, BUT FLOODS KEEP HAPPENING

Page 59: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

FLOODING IN SOUTHEAST AUSTRALIA: MARCH 1-6, 2012

Page 60: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

PREPARATION FOR WORST FLOODING SINCE 1974

• 9,000 people were evacuated after a week of rain and flooding that damaged 1,000 houses

• Local authorities declared a state of emergency, which gave police and the army more authority to carry out search and rescue ops.

Page 61: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS AUSTRALIA PART 1: FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

The Mummumbidgee River, swollen after 20 cm (8 in) of

rainfall, peaked at 10.56 m, just below the height of Walla Walla’s protective levee.