Stockbyte/SuperStock

What Youll Learn1. Discuss the harmful physical

and mental effects of nicotine.(p. 425)

2. Understand the negative effectssmoking has on a fetus. (p. 427)

3. Explain the harmful effects ofsecondhand smoke. (p. 428)

4. Discuss laws regarding the saleand use of tobacco. (p. 430)

5. Discuss how tobacco companiestry to convince minors to usetobacco products. (p. 430)

6. Outline steps to stop usingtobacco products. (p. 432)

7. Outline eight ways to resistpressure to use tobaccoproducts. (p. 434)

Why Its ImportantSmoking is a major public healthproblem. Each year, smokingcontributes to more deaths thanAIDS, alcohol, homicide, drugs, caraccidents, and suicide combined.

Key Terms nicotine tobacco carcinogen tar carbon monoxide emphysema secondhand smoke snuff leukoplakia nicotine patch

Choosing a Tobacco-Free Lifestyle

I will avoid tobacco use and secondhand smoke.

Tobacco products contain a drug called nicotine. You are more likely tobecome addicted to nicotine after using a tobacco product once thanyou are to become addicted to heroin after using it once. This lessonexplains why you must avoid tobacco use and secondhand smoke. Youwill learn about techniques used to convince people to use tobacco products, skills to resist pressure to use them, and suggestions for teens who use tobacco products and want to quit.

Writing About Resisting Pressure to Smoke Suppose that youare really stressed out. You are feeling overwhelmed by the demands ofschool, swim team practice, and your job. A friend tells you that smokingcigarettes is a good way to relax, and urges you to try it. What shouldyou do? After you read the information on the dangers of smoking onpage 426, write a response to this situation in your health journal.

424 UNIT 7 Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs

38

Nicotine dependence Many healthexperts and health organizationshave declared that nicotine is as addic-tive as heroin, cocaine, and alcohol.Nicotine dependence causes more pre-mature death and disease than allother forms of drug dependence com-bined. People who regularly usetobacco develop a tolerance to nicotine.They need more and more to producethe desired effect. At first, the desiredeffect is to feel the stimulation thatnicotine causes. Later, it is to lessenthe craving for nicotine. People developa physical dependence on nicotinewhen the body becomes used to itseffects. Psychological dependencedevelops when people feel the need tosmoke or chew tobacco at certain timesor for specific reasons.

Nicotine withdrawal syndromePeople who try to quit using tobaccooften have nicotine withdrawal syn-drome. Nicotine withdrawal syn-drome is the bodys reaction toquitting the use of tobacco products.People with nicotine withdrawal syn-drome feel a craving for tobacco; maybe anxious, irritable, restless, have a

headache, and have difficulty concen-trating; can become frustrated andangry; and have heart palpitationsand an increased appetite.

Why experimenting with tobacco isrisky Experimenting with tobaccoputs you at risk for nicotine depend-ence. According to the SurgeonGeneral, the probability of becomingaddicted to nicotine after one expo-sure is higher than for other addic-tive substances, such as heroin,cocaine, and alcohol. Teens have amore difficult time quitting smokingthan people who start smoking whenthey are older. A majority of adultsmokers started before the age of 18.They also are more likely to becomeheavy smokers and to die of a diseasecaused by smoking.

What is tobacco? An herbal plantthat is grown for its leaves and thatcontains nicotine is It can be smoked in different forms,such as cigarettes, cigars and pipes.Smokeless tobacco is tobacco thatis chewed or snorted, but not smoked.Chewing tobacco and snuff are formsof smokeless tobacco.

tobacco.

LESSON 38 Choosing a Tobacco-Free Lifestyle 425

Smoking Every day,almost 3000 teens inthe United States1 million a yearbecome smokers.One-third of theseteens will eventuallydie from smoking.

Astimulant drug found in tobacco productsincluding cigarettes, clove cigarettes,

cigars, chewing tobacco, pipe tobacco, and snuffis called . Nicotine

stimulates the nervous system and is highly addictive. It dulls the taste buds,

constricts the blood vessels, and increases heart rate and blood pressure. When tobacco

smoke is inhaled into the lungs, nicotine is absorbed into the bloodstream and quickly reaches

the brain. Nicotine also can be absorbed into the bloodstream from smokeless tobacco that is

placed in the mouth. When the pick-me-up effect of nicotine wears off, a user is motivated

to use more tobacco.

What to Know About Nicotine

nicotine

Tobacco smoke contains many harmful chemicals in addition to nicotine.

Scientists estimate there are more than 4,000 different chemicals in tobacco

smoke, at least 43 of which are carcinogens. A is a chemical that

is known to cause cancer. Most carcinogens in tobacco smoke are found in

tar. is a sticky, thick fluid that is formed when tobacco is burned.

Tar irritates respiratory tissues and is a major cause of lung cancer.

Another dangerous substance that forms when tobacco is burned

is carbon monoxide. is an odorless, tasteless

gas. It interferes with the ability of blood to carry oxygen.

How Smoking Harms Health

Carbon monoxide

Tar

carcinogen

Smoking causes cancer. Smokingcauses lung cancer and increases therisk of many other types of cancer.Lung cancer kills more people thanany other cancer. It is rare for some-one who has never smoked to developlung cancer. Lung cancer almostalways causes death. Most peoplewith lung cancer die within five yearsof learning that they have cancer.

Smoking also is a major risk factorfor cancer of the throat, mouth, esoph-agus, pancreas, and bladder. TheAmerican Cancer Society reports thatone-third of all cancer deaths are dueto tobacco use. They also report thatnine out of every ten lung cancer casesare caused by smoking cigarettes.

Smoking harms the respiratory sys-tem. Smoking prevents the lungsfrom working effectively. When a per-son smokes, tar lines the lungs andair passages. Tobacco also harms thecilia in the nose, throat, andbronchial tubes. Cilia are hair-likestructures that remove dust andother particles from the air and prevent harmful substances from

reaching the lungs. This increasesthe risk of respiratory infection.Smoking also aggravates asthma.

Smoking is a risk factor forchronic obstructive pulmonarydisease (COPD), a disease thatinterferes with breathing. Examplesof COPDs are chronic bronchitis andemphysema. Chronic bronchitis is arecurring inflammation of thebronchial tubes that causes mucus to line the bronchial tubes. Thisincreases risk of lung infection andinterferes with the ability to breathe.

A condition in which the alveoli losemost of their ability to function is

426 UNIT 7 Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs(tt)Photodisc/Getty Images, (b)Dr. E. Walker/Photo Researchers

Make theConnection

Health ConcernsFor more informationabout the nationsmajor health concerns,see page 58 in Lesson 6.

The blackened lung tissue on the left is diseased withpulmonary emphysema, while the lung tissue on theright is healthy.

1. What is nicotinewithdrawalsyndrome?

2. Name three cancers that areassociated withsmoking.

The lungs lose theirability to properly inflate and hold air.As a result, it is difficult for oxygen tobe absorbed into the bloodstream.Some people with emphysema mustremain in bed and use special equip-ment to receive an adequate amount ofoxygen. Emphysema cannot be cured.

Smoking causes cardiovascular dis-eases. Smoking is a major cause ofdeath from heart and blood vessel dis-eases and stroke. Smoking speeds upthe development of fat deposits in thearteries and damages the inner liningof arteries. Fat deposits reduce thespace in the artery through whichblood can flow. The risk of developingblood clots increases.

A clot in an artery in the heart cancause a heart attack. A clot in thebrain can result in a stroke. Smokingalso is a risk factor for aorticaneurysm. An aortic aneurysm isa bulging in the aorta. The aorta isthe main artery in the body. Ananeurysm is the result of a weaken-ing in an artery wall. The nicotine

in tobacco smokeraises a personsresting heart rateapproximately 20beats per minute.This change inheart rate andinhaled carbon monoxide places extrastrain on the heart.

Smoking causes accidents. Cigarettesmoking is a leading cause of fires.Cigarette smoking also is a factor in many motor vehicle accidents.Accidents have happened when adriver was distracted trying to light acigarette or by dropping a lit cigarette.

Smoking causes other health problems.Smokers are more likely to developgum disease and to lose teeth and sup-porting gum tissues. Smoking maycause or worsen ulcers in the stomachand small intestine. Smoking duringpregnancy harms the developing baby.Studies show that if a female quitssmoking during pregnancy, the risk ofinfant death, having a low birth-weight baby, and delivering prema-

emphysema.

LESSON 38 Choosing a Tobacco-Free Lifestyle 427Aaron Haupt

TABLE 38.1 Myths and Facts About Smoking

I look cool when I smoke.

It is in to smoke.

My smoking doesnt botheranyone.

My favorite TV and moviestars use tobacco products.

People who smoke have yellow teeth and dirty and stained fingernails. Their clothes stink of smoke.

In 2002, only 22.9 percent of high school students were current smokers. Many people will nothang out with people who smoke. They will not date a person who smokes.

Many people do not want to be around people who smoke. Many people do not want people tosmoke around their children.

Many celebrities and athletes do not use tobacco products. The celebrities and athletes who do usetobacco products face the same risks from tobacco use as others do. Many have died of cancer.

Teens Who Smoke May Convince Themselves

The Truth

Many people withemphysema needbreathing assistance.

How You Can Avoid Secondhand Smoke

Speak up to the person whois smoking, but be polite. Letpeople know that you areconcerned about your health.

Ask smokers not to smoke inindoor areas that you share.

Encourage your family tohave a nonsmoking policy foryour home.

Encourage family memberswho smoke to quit smokingand to go outside if theymust smoke.

Request seating in nonsmok-ing sections of restaurants orin public areas.

If you are in a room in which other people are smoking, you will be exposed to over

4000 chemicals. Of these chemicals, 200 are poisonous and many are carcinogens. The

smoke from other peoples cigarettes is responsible for 3000 lung cancer deaths and

35,000 deaths from heart disease per year in the United States. In addition, the smoke

from other peoples cigarettes is responsible for causing between 150,000 and 300,000

lower respiratory tract infections in infants and children under 18 months of age.

What to Know AboutSecondhand Smoke

A lit cigarette burns forabout 10 minutes. During

those 10 minutes, people whoare near the smoker will breathe

in secondhand smoke. Exhaled main-stream smoke and sidestream smokeare types of orenvironmental tobacco smoke.Passive smoking and involuntarysmoking are other terms used todescribe breathing in secondhandsmoke. Smoke that enters the airfrom a burning cigarette, cigar, orpipe is Side-stream smoke has more tar, nicotine,carbon monoxide, ammonia, and ben-zene than mainstream smoke.

is smoke thatis directly inhaled into the smokersmouth and lungs.

Major health risk Secondhand smokeis more than just an annoyance. TheEnvironmental Protection Agency(EPA) has classified secondhandsmoke as a Group A carcinogen,which is a substance that causes can-cer in humans. Secondhand smoke isthe most hazardous form of indoor airpollution. It can cause lung cancer innonsmokers and increase their risk ofdeveloping heart disease and respira-tory problems. People who alreadyhave heart disease or respiratoryproblems are especially affected.Secondhand smoke is a major healthrisk for children with parents whosmoke. The children are at increasedrisk for ear infection, bronchitis, andpneumonia. The lungs of childrenexposed to secondhand smoke maynot develop properly.

Protecting nonsmokers Laws are beingpassed to prevent smoking inside pub-lic buildings and schools and in theworkplace. Airlines have restrictedsmoking during flights. Many busi-nesses no longer allow smoking intheir office buildings or factories.

Mainstream smoke,

sidestream smoke,

secondhand smoke,

428 UNIT 7 Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs(tt)Photodisc/Getty Images, courtesy of American Lung Association

The following are suggestions on how to avoid secondhand smoke:

LESSON 38 Choosing a Tobacco-Free Lifestyle 429(tt)Aaron Haupt, Amanita Pictures, (b)Corbis

Smokeless tobacco is manufactured and sold in two forms. Chewing tobacco is

a tobacco product made from chopped tobacco leaves that

is placed between the gums and cheek. is a tobacco product made

from powdered tobacco leaves and stems that is snorted or placed between

the gums and cheek. Smokeless tobacco has most of the same harmful

ingredients as other tobacco products.

What to Know AboutSmokeless Tobacco

Snuff

Smokeless tobacco causes nicotinedependence. Every time people usesmokeless tobacco they feel the stim-ulating pick-me-up effects of nico-tine. The body becomes used to theseeffects, and tolerance is the result.Cravings and tolerance are bothsigns of nicotine dependence.Nicotine dependence makes it diffi-cult for people to quit.

Smokeless tobacco contains manychemicals that harm health. Smoke-less tobacco contains formaldehyde,lead, nitrosamines, cadmium, andpolonium. All forms of smokelesstobacco contain carcinogens.

Smokeless tobacco increases the riskof developing cancer. When peopleuse smokeless tobacco, the tobaccoand its irritating juices are in contactwith the gums, cheeks, and lips forlong periods of time.

This causes a change in the cells ofthe mouth. Abnormal cells in themouth that appear as white patchesof tissue are Theabnormal cells can develop into can-cer. Using smokeless tobacco alsoincreases the risk of cancer of the lar-ynx, the pharynx, and the esophagus.

Smokeless tobacco causes problemswith the gums and teeth. Smokelesstobacco permanently stains teeth andcauses bad breath. Chewing tobaccoincludes particles that scratch andwear away teeth, and the sugar insmokeless tobacco mixes with dentalplaque to form acids that cause toothdecay. Smokeless tobacco also cancause the gums to pull away from theteeth, exposing the roots and makingthem more likely to fall out.

What to do If you use smokelesstobacco, quit now. (See page 432 for quitting strategies.) Check yourgums and teeth for signs of oral cancer: a persistent sore, lump, orwhite patch in themouth; a persistentsore throat; and/ordifficulty chewingand moving thetongue or jaw.Contact a physicianor dentist immedi-ately and have anoral examination.Have your mouthchecked by a den-tist every threemonths.

leukoplakia.

Leukoplakia, abnormalcells, is often a result ofusing smokelesstobacco.

430 UNIT 7 Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other DrugsCORBIS

Apaid announcement about a product or service is an advertisement. Tobacco

manufacturers are not allowed by law to put tobacco ads on TV or radio.

Advertising in stores and on billboards and signs on the inside and outside of

buses no longer can have photos or artwork and cannot be in color. The same rule

applies to advertising in publications read by a significant number of people under the

age of 18.

What to Know AboutTobacco Advertising

Influencing young people Tobaccomanufacturers have promotedtheir products in many ways.One way was by distributingclothing and other items that

displayed their logos and sym-bols. People wearing or using theseitems were a walking ad for thetobacco company. In 1997 the FDAprohibited the sale or giveaway ofproducts such as caps or gym bagsthat carry tobacco product brandnames or logos. In 2000, the FDA lostits power to control tobacco products.Much of this power is now local andstate controlled. The Federal TradeCommission (FTC) also has controlover tobacco products.

Tobacco companies also promotetheir products by offering merchan-dise in exchange for coupons foundon cigarette packs or smokelesstobacco containers. They may havepromoted their products by sponsor-ing sporting events and rock con-certs, wanting people to associatetheir product and their logo withexcitement and glamour. This was away to advertise their products onTV, as advertising tobacco productson TV was banned. Now brand-name

sponsorship of these events can bedone in the corporate name only.Only the automobile industry spendsmore money than tobacco companieson advertising.

Required warnings on tobacco prod-ucts Tobacco manufacturers includewarnings on their packages and intheir ads to educate people about thedangers of using tobacco products.

Tobacco companies have differentwarnings on their cigarette packages.(See page 431 for a photo of one of thewarnings.)

Smokeless tobacco Smokeless tobaccomanufacturers place different warn-ings on their packages and in theirads, such as: This product is not asafe alternative to cigarettes, thisproduct may cause gum disease andtooth loss, and this product maycause mouth cancer.FTC The FTC regulates tobaccoadvertising, including health warninglabels. The FTC provides data on thetar, nicotine, and carbon monoxidelevels of domestic tobacco products.

What tobacco ads do not tell youTobacco companies spend billions ofdollars each year to influence people

Make theConnection

Evaluating Ads Formore informationabout evaluatingadvertisements, seepage 37 in Lesson 4.

LESSON 38 Choosing a Tobacco-Free Lifestyle 431(tk)

Advocating for Health: Advocating quitting smokingIf someone you know smokes, you can try to convince them to stop. It will take a lot of work, but the resultswill be worth your efforts. Remember, though, that even if you try hard, you cannot force someone to stopsmoking. Its ultimately up to the smoker to quit.To advocate for health, follow these four steps: 1) select a health-related concern;2) gather reliable information; 3) identify your purpose and target audience; and

4) develop a convincing and appropriate message.

1 Explain how the personssmoking makes you feel.It could be assimple as saying thatyou dont like the waythe smoke smells on hisor her clothes, or youcould say youre afraidthis habit could shortenyour loved ones life.2

Be patient and

supportive.Nagging

will just annoy the

smoker or make him or

her defensive. Show tha

t

you understand that giv

ing up

cigarettes is difficult. Try

not to be

judgmental. Smoking h

as become

a part of this persons

life.

4Suggest boundarie

s. Agree

to make certain places off-

limits for smoking, such as

the car, the kitchen, or maybe the

whole house.

3 Get involved. Encourageyour loved one to be activeinstead of smoking, thenjoin him or her in a walk, a bikeride, or seeing a movie. Offer himor her gum or hard candy toreplace cigarettes.5 Add up how much moneycould be saved every month ifyour loved one didnt smoke.Encourage him or her to set asidethat money for something special asa reward for quitting.

to use tobacco. They want you to thinktobacco use is in and to take yourattention away from the warnings.Many tobacco ads are designed toappeal to teens. People in the ads aremodels who are attractive, healthylooking, and well-dressed. They arehaving fun and are very appealing tomembers of the opposite sex.

Dont be fooled by these ads. Whatthey fail to tell you is that smokingcigarettes does not help you to lookattractive, healthy, or well-dressed.People are likely to be turned off byyour behavior, your breath, and yourstained teeth. Tobacco ads also do nottell you that more than 400,000 peo-ple die each year from smoking. Theydo not show people dying of lung dis-ease or restricted to bed because ofemphysema. They do not show familymembers grieving the death of lovedones who used tobacco.

How tobacco companies hook youngchildren Tobacco companies claimthey do not design ads that targetchildren. On the Internet, tobaccocompanies appeal to children byusing interactive games, giveaways,and chats to promote their products.They promote the idea that usingtobacco products makes a personseem more grown-up and cool.

In the past cigarette companieshooked children by placing kiddypacks and loosies in stores. A kiddypack is a package of cigarettes con-taining fewer than the standard 20cigarettes in a pack. A loosie is a sin-gle cigarette that is available for pur-chase. However, many cities andstates have laws banning the sale ofkiddy packs and loosies. There arealso laws that ban free samples oftobacco products.

Tobacco companies arerequired to displaywarnings on theirproducts.

1. Who hasregulatory controlover tobaccoproducts?

2. Give examples ofwarning labels ontobacco products.

There are many reasons to quit using tobacco. People who quit using tobacco live

longer than those who continue to use tobacco. They reduce their risk of heart

disease, stroke, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and some forms of cancer. There

are even more immediate rewards to quitting smoking. Within a day after people stop

smoking, the body begins to heal itself from the damages caused by tobacco.

Breathing is easier, and a smokers cough is not as frequent. The senses of taste and

smell improve.

List the reasons why you want toquit. Focus on all the things that

you do not like about using tobacco.For example, you might think aboutthe mess, the inconvenience, wastingmoney, and the way it makes yousmell. Ask family members andfriends to contribute to reasons.

Decide when you want to quit. Set atarget date to quit. Know what toexpect. Understand that nicotinewithdrawal symptoms are tempo-rary. Understand that quitting is noteasy, but it is possible. Expect toexperience pressures to use tobaccowhen you feel stress.

Make a health behavior contract.Make a health behavior contract withthe life skill I will stop using smoke-less tobacco or I will stop smoking.Design a plan to quit using tobacco.

Consider situations in which you usu-ally have a cigarette or use smokelesstobacco. Change your daily routinesto avoid situations in which you

previously used tobacco. Stay busyand active.

Join a tobacco cessation program. Atobacco cessation program is a pro-gram to help a person stop smokingor using smokeless tobacco. Tobaccocessation programs are offered bylocal chapters of the AmericanCancer Society, the American LungSociety, the American HeartAssociation, health departments,schools, and hospitals.

Get help from others. Tell familymembers and friends that you arequitting. Ask for encouragement andsupport.

Throw away all tobacco products. Getrid of items associated with tobaccouse, such as ashtrays, lighters, andmatches.

Be prepared for temptation. For thefirst few weeks or longer after quitting,you may have the urge to use tobacco.Try to stay away from people andplaces that might trigger a craving.

432 UNIT 7 Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs(tt)Photodisc/Getty Images

Smoking ExpensesSmoking costs thenation over $150billion per year inhealth-relatedeconomic costs.

How to Quit Using Tobacco

Participate in activities that keep yourmind off of using tobacco. Try vigor-ous exercise to release beta-endor-phins. Beta-endorphins may helprelieve tension caused by quitting.Participating in other activities, suchas working on a hobby or going to amovie, also may help.

Get help from a health-care profes-sional. Make an appointment with aschool nurse or a physician to helpyou with your plan. A physician mayprescribe a nicotine patch, nicotinechewing gum, nicotine nasal sprays,a nicotine inhaler, or a pill that cutscravings to use nicotine.

Avoid weight gain. Eat a healthfuldiet with the proper amount of pro-tein, carbohydrates, and fat. Eatplenty of fruits and vegetables. Havelow-fat and low-calorie snacks.

Keep your guard up. The urge to usetobacco often comes at predictabletimes. Continue to plan ahead forthese situations.

If you slip up and use tobacco, keeptrying to quit. Slipping up does nothave to mean failure. Figure out whyyou slipped up and how to avoid itthe next time. Remember that quit-ting smoking takes perseverance.

LESSON 38 Choosing a Tobacco-Free Lifestyle 433(t)Laurent/Bouras/Photo Researchers (tc)Micheal Newman/PhotoEdit (bc)Felicia Martinez/PhotoEdit (b)Josh Sher/Photo Researchers

TABLE 38.2 Methods to Help Quit Smoking

A is worn on the skinof the upper body or arms. It releasesnicotine into the bloodstream at a slowrate; it does not contain cancer-causingchemicals

Can cause redness, itching, swelling,nervousness, dry mouth, and inability to sleep

nicotine patch

Chewing gum that releases nicotinewhen chewed; does not contain cancer-causing chemicals

Can result in sore jaws, upset stomach,nausea, heartburn, loosened dentalfillings, and problems with dentures

Description Side Effects

Nicotine patch

Nicotinechewing gum

Type

Spray nicotine in each nostril.Recommended dosage is 12sprays/hour, not to exceed 40 sprays ina day

Nasal and sinus irritation

Mouthpiece the size and shape of acigarette, which puts out vaporizednicotine when you puff on it; simulatesthe hand-to-mouth ritual; good forbeginners trying to quit

Mild throat and mouth irritation;coughing; or upset stomach; should notbe used for more than 6 months

Antidepressant that helps reducecravings and withdrawals; take twopills/day 12 weeks before quitting andmaintain up to six months

Most common side effects are shakinessand skin rash. More severe side effectsinclude: increased blood pressure,seizures, kidney and liver failure

Nicotine nasalspray

Nicotine inhaler

Non-nicotinepill

434 UNIT 7 Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs

Even though an increasing number of teens use tobacco, the

majority of teens do not. Think of ways you might be pressured to

use tobacco, and be ready to use resistance skills if someone

pressures you to use tobacco products.

1. Use assertive behavior.

Stand tall and look directly at the personwith whom you are speaking. Say no ina firm and confident voice.

2. Give reasons for saying no to tobacco.

Explain that tobacco use is harmful andillegal for minors. Using tobacco does notshow respect for yourself and others.

Using tobacco is against the guidelines ofyour family and school.

3. Use nonverbal behavior to match verbalbehavior.

Do not hold a cigarette or pretend tosmoke.

Do not use or carry candy cigarettes orshredded gum that is designed to look likesmokeless tobacco.

Do not agree to get tobacco for a minor.

Do not keep tobacco products in your pos-session for someone else.

Do not behave in ways that indicate thatyou approve of tobacco use.

4. Avoid being in situations in which there will bepressure to use tobacco.

Think ahead about what to say or do ifyour peers are using tobacco.

5. Avoid being with people who use tobacco.

Choose friends who do not use tobacco.

Stay away from secondhand smoke.

6. Resist pressure to engage in illegal behavior.

Learn the laws that apply to tobacco use inyour community and state.

Do not lie about your age to buy tobaccoproducts.

Do not purchase tobacco products fromvending machines.

7. Influence others to choose responsible behavior.

Encourage people who pressure you to usetobacco to change their behavior.

Suggest tobacco cessation programs to peo-ple who smoke or use smokeless tobacco.

Be a role model for a tobacco-free lifestyle.

Tell others who smoke not to light uparound you.

8. Avoid being influenced by tobacco ads.

Recognize that ads are designed to con-vince people to use a product and makeprofit for the company.

Recognize that tobacco use is not sexy,sophisticated, adventurous, healthful, fun, orthe in thing to do.

Do not attend or view sporting events orconcerts sponsored by tobacco companies.

Pay attention to the warnings on tobaccoads.

Make complaints to city officials if bill-boards for tobacco are placed in yourneighborhood or near your school.

(tt)Photodisc/Getty Images, (cl)Photodisc/Getty Images

38STUD

Y

GUIDE

LESSON 38 Study Guide 435(cl)courtesy of American Lung Association, (bl)Photodisc/Getty Images

carbon monoxidecarcinogenemphysemaleukoplakiamainstream smokenicotinenicotine patchsecondhand smokesidestream smokesnufftartobacco

LESSON 38 Study Guide 435

Key Terms ReviewComplete these fill-in-the-blank statements with the lesson Key Terms on the left. Do not write in this book.

11. What are the effects of nicotine on thebody?

12. Name three types of tobacco products.

13. What are the three types of tobacco smoke?

14. Name two methods people use to quitsmoking.

15. Why is nicotine considered a stimulant?

16. How does smoking harm the respiratory system?

17. How is smoking related to heart disease?

18. What is the relationship between smokingand automobile accidents?

Recalling the Facts

19. Analyze the physical, mental, social, andlegal consequences of tobacco use.

20. Discuss the laws and policies regarding thesale and use of cigarettes.

21. Why do you think people who begansmoking as teens have a more difficulttime quitting than people who begansmoking as adults?

22. Why do you think advertisers target minors?

Real-Life Applications23. Why do you think teenagers start

smoking?

24. What tip to resist peer pressure do youthink is the most useful and why?

25. If you saw a friend or sibling smoking,what would you say to him or her?

26. Why do you think teenagers are influencedby television or magazine ads?

Critical Thinking

Responsible Decision Making27. Resist Peer Pressure Suppose your

friend offers you a cigarette. You havenever smoked before. Your friend tells youthat trying one cigarette will not harm you.Write a paragraph about what you shoulddo. Refer to the Responsible Decision-Making Model on page 61 to see the stepsinvolved in making responsible decisions.

Sharpen Your Life Skills28. Make Responsible Decisions Find

two different ads for tobacco products.Identify how each ad is designed to maketobacco more appealing to teens. Write astory about the scene in each ad that tellsthe truth about using tobacco products.Attach each story to the appropriate ad.Share the stories with your classmates.

Activities

1. The stimulant drug found in tobacco products is .

2. The inability of alveoli to function is called.

3. A product that is placed on the skin of thearm to release nicotine in the body iscalled a(n) .

4. Powdered tobacco leaves and stems form aproduct called .

5. White patches of abnormal cells in themouth are called .

6. A(n) herbal plant that contains nicotineand is grown for its leaves is called .

7. Any chemical known to cause cancer isa(n) .

8. A gas that interferes with the ability of theblood to carry oxygen is .

9. The sticky, thick liquid formed whentobacco burns is called .

10. Exhaled and sidestream smoke also iscalled ._____

_____

_____

_____

_____

_____

_____

_____

_____

_____

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Health & WellnessTable of ContentsUNIT 1 Health SkillsLesson 1 Taking Responsibility for HealthLesson 2 Accessing Valid Health Information, Products, and ServicesLesson 3 Practicing Healthful BehaviorsLesson 4 Analyzing Influences on HealthLesson 5 Using Communication SkillsLesson 6 Setting Health Goals and Making Responsible DecisionsLesson 7 Being a Health Advocate

UNIT 2 Mental and Emotional HealthLesson 8 Developing Good CharacterLesson 9 Developing a Healthy MindLesson 10 Expressing Emotions and Managing StressLesson 11 Dealing with DepressionLesson 12 Dealing with Loss and Grief

UNIT 3 Family and Social HealthLesson 13 Developing Healthful Family RelationshipsLesson 14 Adjusting to Family ChangesLesson 15 Examining Dating and FriendshipsLesson 16 Practicing Abstinence From SexLesson 17 Recognizing Harmful RelationshipsLesson 18 Preparing for Marriage and Parenthood

UNIT 4 Growth and DevelopmentLesson 19 Keeping Your Body HealthyLesson 20 Learning About the Reproductive SystemsLesson 21 Learning About Pregnancy and ChildbirthLesson 22 Caring for Infants and ChildrenLesson 23 Developing Learning and Planning StylesLesson 24 Aging Healthfully

UNIT 5 NutritionLesson 25 Choosing Healthful FoodsLesson 26 Following Dietary GuidelinesLesson 27 Using Diet to Guard Against DiseaseLesson 28 Developing Healthful Eating HabitsLesson 29 Maintaining a Healthful Weight

UNIT 6 Personal Health and Physical ActivityLesson 30 Having Regular Physical ExamsLesson 31 Being Well-GroomedLesson 32 Getting Adequate Rest and SleepLesson 33 Participating in Physical ActivityLesson 34 Practicing FitnessLesson 35 Exercising Safely

UNIT 7 Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other DrugsLesson 36 Using Prescription and OTC Drugs SafelyLesson 37 Choosing an Alcohol-Free LifestyleLesson 38 Choosing a Tobacco-Free LifestyleLesson 39 Avoiding Illegal Drug UseLesson 40 Avoiding Drug DependenceLesson 41 Resisting Pressure to Abuse DrugsLesson 42 Reducing Risk by Being Drug FreeLesson 43 Assessing Treatment Options

UNIT 8 Communicable and Chronic DiseasesLesson 44 Avoiding Communicable Diseases.Lesson 45 Dealing with Respiratory Diseases, Asthma, and AllergiesLesson 46 Reducing the Risk of STDs and HIVLesson 47 Reducing the Risk of Cardiovascular DiseasesLesson 48 Managing Chronic Health ConditionsLesson 49 Reducing the Risk of Cancer

UNIT 9 Consumer and Community HealthLesson 50 Acquiring Knowledge of Health LawsLesson 51 Managing Time and MoneyLesson 52 Analyzing Media MessagesLesson 53 Accessing Reliable Health CareLesson 54 Investigating Health CareersLesson 55 Learning About Public Health

UNIT 10 Environmental HealthLesson 56 Learning About Environmental IssuesLesson 57 Preventing Air and Water PollutionLesson 58 Preventing Noise and Visual PollutionLesson 59 Practicing Recycling and ConservationLesson 60 Protecting the Environment

UNIT 11 Injury Prevention and Personal SafetyLesson 61 Reducing Unintentional InjuriesLesson 62 Staying Safe During Severe Weather and Natural DisastersLesson 63 Reducing the Risk of ViolenceLesson 64 Respecting Authority and Obeying LawsLesson 65 Protecting Yourself From Physical ViolenceLesson 66 Protecting Yourself From Sexual ViolenceLesson 67 Staying Away From GangsLesson 68 Reducing Weapon InjuriesLesson 69 Performing Common First Aid ProceduresLesson 70 Performing Emergency First Aid Procedures

Health ResourcesEnglish/Spanish GlossaryIndexCredits

Feature ContentsActivity: Using Life SkillsSpeaking OutHealth NewsFacts AboutJust the Facts

Student WorkbooksReading EssentialsTo the StudentUnit 1: Health SkillsLesson 1: Taking Responsibility for HealthLesson 2: Accessing Valid Health Information, Products, and ServicesLesson 3: Practicing Healthful BehaviorsLesson 4: Analyzing Influences on HealthLesson 5: Using Communication SkillsLesson 6: Setting Health Goals and Making Responsible DecisionsLesson 7: Being a Health Advocate

Unit 2: Mental and Emotional HealthLesson 8: Developing Good CharacterLesson 9: Developing a Healthy MindLesson 10: Expressing Emotions and Managing StressLesson 11: Dealing with DepressionLesson 12: Dealing with Loss and Grief

Unit 3: Family and Social HealthLesson 13: Developing Healthful Family RelationshipsLesson 14: Adjusting to Family ChangesLesson 15: Examining Dating and FriendshipsLesson 16: Practicing Abstinence From SexLesson 17: Recognizing Harmful RelationshipsLesson 18: Preparing for Marriage and Parenthood

Unit 4: Growth and DevelopmentLesson 19: Keeping Your Body HealthyLesson 20: Learning About the Reproductive SystemsLesson 21: Learning About Pregnancy and ChildbirthLesson 22: Caring for Infants and ChildrenLesson 23: Developing Learning and Planning StylesLesson 24: Aging Healthfully

Unit 5: NutritionLesson 25: Choosing Healthful FoodsLesson 26: Following Dietary GuidelinesLesson 27: Using Diet to Guard Against DiseaseLesson 28: Developing Healthful Eating HabitsLesson 29: Maintaining a Healthful Weight

Unit 6: Personal Health and Physical ActivityLesson 30: Having Regular Physical ExamsLesson 31: Being Well-GroomedLesson 32: Getting Adequate Rest and SleepLesson 33: Participating in Physical ActivityLesson 34: Practicing FitnessLesson 35: Exercising Safely

Unit 7: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other DrugsLesson 36: Using Prescription and OTC Drugs SafelyLesson 37: Choosing an Alcohol-Free LifestyleLesson 38: Choosing a Tobacco-Free LifestyleLesson 39: Avoiding Illegal Drug UseLesson 40: Avoiding Drug DependenceLesson 41: Resisting Pressure to Abuse DrugsLesson 42: Reducing Risk by Being Drug FreeLesson 43: Assessing Treatment Options

Unit 8: Communicable and Chronic DiseasesLesson 44: Avoiding Communicable DiseasesLesson 45: Dealing with Respiratory Diseases, Asthma, and AllergiesLesson 46: Reducing the Risk of STDs and HIVLesson 47: Reducing the Risk of Cardiovascular DiseasesLesson 48: Managing Chronic Health ConditionsLesson 49: Reducing the Risk of Cancer

Unit 9: Consumer and Community HealthLesson 50: Acquiring Knowledge of Health LawsLesson 51: Managing Time and MoneyLesson 52: Analyzing Media MessagesLesson 53: Accessing Reliable Health CareLesson 54: Investigating Health CareersLesson 55: Learning About Public Health

Unit 10: Environmental HealthLesson 56: Learning About Environmental IssuesLesson 57: Preventing Air and Water PollutionLesson 58: Preventing Noise and Visual PollutionLesson 59: Practicing Recycling and ConservationLesson 60: Protecting the Environment

Unit 11: Injury Prevention and Personal SafetyLesson 61: Reducing Unintentional InjuriesLesson 62: Staying Safe During Severe Weather and Natural DisastersLesson 63: Reducing the Risk of ViolenceLesson 64: Respecting Authority and Obeying LawsLesson 65: Protecting Yourself From Physical ViolenceLesson 66: Protecting Yourself From Sexual ViolenceLesson 67: Staying Away From GangsLesson 68: Reducing Weapon InjuriesLesson 69: Performing Common First Aid ProceduresLesson 70: Performing Emergency First Aid Procedures

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