C1: Metals and their usesIron and steelsLO: To be able to state and explain why steels are produced and give examples of steel

Success criteria:State that iron oxide is reduced in a blast furnace using carbon (grade B/C) List the properties of iron produced from the blast furnace (Grade B)Explain why steels are produced (Grade A)Give examples of difference types of steels and how their properties differ (Grade A*)

Context: Iron and steelsIronSteelKey words:PropertiesC/W*ImpuritiesBlast furnaceHOMEWORK:See the purple sheet!Starter: List as many uses and the properties of iron associated with it as you can think of

StarterIn pairs you have got three minutes to try and write down as much as you can about Iron, using the Periodic table to help.

Learning ObjectiveTo further our knowledge of metal extraction*

Learning OutcomesAll: To be able to recognise how iron is extracted.

Most: To be able to describe how iron is converted into steel.

Some: To be able to evaluate the social, economic and environmental impact of the decline in the steel industry.

AB/CA*

Earths ElementsRank the elements in order of abundance.IronAluminiumOxygenSiliconCalcium

Self Assessment: Earths ElementsRank the elements in order of abundance.46.6%5.0%3.6%8.1%27.7%

The Reactivity Seriespotassiumsodiumcalciummagnesiumaluminiumzincironcoppergoldincreasing reactivityMetals above carbon in the reactivity series must be extracted using electrolysis. Metals less reactive than carbon can be extracted from their ores by reduction using carbon, coke or charcoal.Platinum, gold, silver and copper can occur native and do not need to be extracted.leadsilver(carbon)(hydrogen)platinum

http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/formation-of-an-oxide/95.html

The Blast FurnaceThe common ores of iron are both iron oxides (Fe2O3), and these can be reduced to iron by heating them with carbon in the form of coke.

A blast furnace

The Heat SourceThe air blown into the bottom of the furnace is heated using the hot waste gases from the top. The coke (impure carbon) burns in the blast of hot air to form carbon dioxide.

This reaction is the main source of heat in the furnace.

Reduction of the OreAt the high temperature at the bottom of the furnace, carbon dioxide reacts with carbon to produce carbon monoxide.

The temperature of the furnace is hot enough to melt the iron which trickles down to the bottom where it can be tapped off.

The Function of LimestoneIron ore isn't pure iron oxide - it also contains an assortment of rocky material.

The limestone (calcium carbonate) is added to convert this into slag which melts and runs to the bottom.

The heat of the furnace decomposes the limestone to give calcium oxide.

Complete the sheet on iron impacts

Reactions in the Blast FurnacePeer Assessment

How did you do?I scored .......... and achieved a grade [A/B/C/D].

Iron & SteelCast iron (pig iron) straight from the blast furnace is very hard and brittle. It is used for engine blocks, man-hole covers, cooking pans etc. It contains about 4% carbon which makes it brittle

Iron & SteelSteels are alloys since they are mixtures of iron with other metals or non-metals.Low carbon steelHigh carbon steelStainless steel

Group Work: UK Steel industryRead through the materials on your desks about the decline in the UK steel industry.

On your post it notes write 1 advantage (1 per post it note) and 1 disadvantage about the;EconomicSocialEnvironmental effects of the decline in the UK steel industry.

UK Steel IndustryForAgainst

Learning OutcomesAll: To be able to recognise how iron is extracted.Most: To be able to describe how iron is converted into steel.Some: To be able to evaluate the social, economic and environmental impact of the decline in the steel industry.

What grade are you working at?

ABA*C

Why are we learning about metals?

What are the properties of different metals? Do all metals behave in the same way?

What are the general properties of most metals?solid at room temperatureWhy do metals have these particular properties? Typical properties of metalshigh melting pointgood conductors of electricity and heatmalleable: they can be shapedductile: they can be drawn into wiresstrongdense

How does reactivity affect extraction?potassiumsodiumcalciummagnesiumaluminiumzincironcoppergoldincreasing reactivityelectrolysis. reduction using carbon, coke or charcoal.nativetinsilver(carbon)platinumlead

Iron from the blast furnace is not pure 96% iron 3% carbon 1% other impurities

The diagram shows one way of modelling theatom arrangement in pure iron

An alloy is a mixture of a metal with at least one other element. The final alloy may have very different properties to the original metal. By changing the amount of each element in an alloy, material scientists can custom-make alloys to fit a given job.What is an alloy?Steel is a common example of an alloy. It contains iron mixed with carbon and other elements. Adding other elements to a metal changes its structure and so changes its properties.

Steel is an alloy of iron and other elements, including carbon, nickel and chromium. Steel is stronger than pure iron and can be used for everything from sauce pansto suspension bridges! What is steel?

The atoms of other elements are different sizes. When other elements are added to iron, their atoms distort the regular structure of the iron atoms. The atoms in pure iron are arranged in densely-packed layers. These layers can slide over each other. This makes pure iron a very soft material. Why is steel stronger than iron?It is more difficult for the layers of iron atoms in steel to slide over each other and so this alloy is stronger than pure iron.

You need to draw 2 models:Pure ironAn alloy

Your models need to demonstrate their properties.

Eg. The pure iron should be able to slide over each layer

Steel can contain up to 2% carbon. low carbon steel contains less than 0.25% carbon high carbon steel contains more than 0.5% carbon.Two other important types of steel are:What types of steel are there? stainless steel an alloy of iron that contains at least 11% chromium and smaller amounts of nickel and carbon titanium steel an alloy of iron and titanium.Varying the amount of carbon gives steel different properties. For example, a higher carbon content makes a hard steel. Different types of steel are classified by how much carbon they contain.

Steel is a mixture.

All steels contain mostly carbon.

Stainless steels are expensive.

Stainless steels rust because they contain iron.

The chemical symbol for steel is St.

Steel is a mixture. [True]

All steels contain mostly carbon. [False]

Stainless steels are expensive. [True]

Stainless steels rust because they contain iron. [False]

The chemical symbol for steel is St. [False]

*****Boardworks GCSE Science: Chemistry Extracting Metals

*****Teacher notesThis image represents various properties of metals, including:gold (Au): This metal is unreactive. This is represented by having the band on stage, not mixing with the other elements and not doing very much. lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu): These metals are heavy metals and are dressed up as heavy metal rockers. copper (Cu): This metal has been drawn into wires. aluminium (Al) and titanium (Ti): These metals are reactive. In this scene, they are getting overexcited and knocking over a table.iron (Fe): This metal has rust patches and is struggling to lift the bar stools. steel (Fe wearing nerves of steel T shirts): These metal alloys have carbon atoms on their shoulders to show that they are alloys. The steel is shinier than the iron atom. Steel is easily lifting the bar stools that iron was unable to lift because it is stronger.

****Photo credit: 2006 Jupiterimages Corporation. ***