lenin’s successor lenin died in 1924. he had never fully recovered from a bullet wound during an...
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Lenin’s SuccessorLenin’s Successor
Lenin died in 1924. He had never fully recovered from a bullet wound during an assassination attempt in 1918.
When he died, Petrograd was re-named Leningrad in his honour.
In the first three days after his death,one million Russians filed past the body to pay their respects
Lenin’s body was not buried or cremated. A special mausoleum was built near to Red Square in Moscow for his body. The name over the entrance is ‘Lenin’
Lenin’s body was not buried or cremated. A special mausoleum was built near to Red Square in Moscow for his body. The name over the entrance is ‘Lenin’
Lenin’s body was embalmed and put on display. Although the Communist system came to an end in Russia in 1991, Lenin’s body is still preserved.
Lenin’s body was embalmed and put on display. Although the Communist system came to an end in Russia in 1991, Lenin’s body is still preserved.
His suit is changed every three years!
Lenin’s death raised a crucial question. Who would replace him as head of the Communist Party and Russian leader?
There were only two possible contenders
LENIN
TROTSKY STALIN??
Stalin builds up a position of power in the Communist Party
I must build up my support in the Party without
arousing suspicion
General Secretary of the Communist PartyGeneral Secretary of the Communist Party
Head of the Control Committee of the Communist PartyHead of the Control Committee of the Communist Party
These two jobs gave Stalin enormous power behind the scenes
Russia was still very backward compared to the West, so Stalin needed to tansform Russia
From This To This
QUICKLY
STALIN’s aim was to transform Russia
My aim is to build Russia into a great power as strong as
Britain,Germany or the USA
Stalin wanted to transform Russia from a backward, rural country to a modern industrial country. He wanted Russia to be strong enough to challenge the great powers.
The Five Year Plans
Stalin decided that Russia could be transformed by using Five Year Plans to develop Russian industry.
Stalin decided that Russia could be transformed by using Five Year Plans to develop Russian industry.
The Five Year Plans were drawn up and decided by the Government-not by private businessmen. This was very different from the way business and industry was run in the Western nations.
The Five Year Plans were drawn up and decided by the Government-not by private businessmen. This was very different from the way business and industry was run in the Western nations.
Who was in charge of the Five Year Plans?Who was in charge of the Five Year Plans?
Stalin set up GOSPLAN to draw up plans for industry and agriculture
Stalin set up GOSPLAN to draw up plans for industry and agriculture
What did GOSPLAN do?What did GOSPLAN do?
GOSPLAN had control over every aspect of the running of agriculture and industry.
Electricity Production Targets
Actual1927/8
Target 1933
Actual 1933
Target 1937
Actual 1937
Coal Production Targets
Actual 1927
Target 1933
Actual 1933
Target 1937 Actual
1937
Alexander Stakhanov and the StakhanovitesAlexander Stakhanov and the Stakhanovites
The targets set by the five year plans were unrealistically high
Workers had to work very hard to try to achieve them.
One worker who broke all records for coal production was
Alexander Stakhanov
Stakhanov and his men produced 102 tons of coal on a single shift!
Stalin made Stakhanov a Soviet hero and people who wanted to be like him were called Stakhanovites Some Russian workers thought Stakhanov was a socialist hero but others thought he was a fool!
The Collectivisation of AgricultureThe Collectivisation of Agriculture
As well as transforming Russian industry, Stalin also aimed to modernise Russian agriculture
Stalin’s Aim:Collectivise Russian Agriculture
Why?
POLITICAL REASONS
No Private ownership
No rich peasants(kulaks)
POLITICAL REASONS
No Private ownership
No rich peasants(kulaks)
ECONOMIC REASONS
Produce more food to feed the workers at home and sell abroad to make money
ECONOMIC REASONS
Produce more food to feed the workers at home and sell abroad to make money
The Formation of Collective Farms (KOLKHOZ)The Formation of Collective Farms (KOLKHOZ)
All the individual farms in an area had to merge together to form a collective farm.
All the land,machinery, animals and tools had to be shared
In theory, the KOLKHOZ would be more efficient.
It would be bigger and would, be able to afford to buy more tractors and other machinery.
As a result,it would produce more food
In Stalin’s propaganda, the kolkhoz were a great success. This photograph shows kolkhoz peasants, proud of their new tractor.
In reality, there were not enough tractors to increase production
The Failure of CollectivisationThe Failure of Collectivisation
The Collective farms were not a success. Agricultural production did not increase.It actually fell.
In 1932 and 1933 there was a famine which killed millions. It could have been avoided but Stalin ordered that grain should still be sold abroad in order to buy foreign machinery for the Kolkhoz.
The Great Terror and the PurgesThe Great Terror and the Purges
Stalin was responsible for the deaths of millions of Russians during the years of his ruthless dictatorship. He died in 1953 and had been in power for 29 years
Stalin was responsible for the deaths of millions of Russians during the years of his ruthless dictatorship. He died in 1953 and had been in power for 29 years
Millions of Russians died of overwork,disease and mis-treatment in Soviet labour camps. Many others were killed by the Secret Police on Stalin’s orders.
Millions of Russians died of overwork,disease and mis-treatment in Soviet labour camps. Many others were killed by the Secret Police on Stalin’s orders.
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The Murder of Kirov begins the Great TerrorThe Murder of Kirov begins the Great Terror
Sergei Kirov, a top ranking Bolshevik and critic of Stalin was murdered in 1934. This was the start of the purges of Stalin’s opponents and anyone he suspected might become an opponent. Thousands were arrested, put on trial and shot.
Armstrong: Russian Revolution
Bolshevik Leaders in 1917
By 1940, only Stalin remained among the Bolshevik leaders who had led the 1917 Revolution. Stalin had killed nearly all of them! Kamenev, Zinoviev, Bukharin and Trotsky were all murdered!
Stalin’s Terror:The Labour Camps
Stalin was responsible for the deaths of millions of Russians in the labour camps. The people included ordinary criminals, kulaks and anyone who Stalin’s political opponents
Stalin was responsible for the deaths of millions of Russians in the labour camps. The people included ordinary criminals, kulaks and anyone who Stalin’s political opponents
How Stalin changed Russia’s HistoryHow Stalin changed Russia’s History
Stalin even had his critics and opponents removed from photographs in Soviet history books
Trotsky and Kamenev have been removed from this photograph of Lenin speaking in November 1917.
The Cult of the Leader
Stalin also promoted the ‘Cult of personality’ or the ‘Cult of the leader’ to help him stay in power.
Stalin also promoted the ‘Cult of personality’ or the ‘Cult of the leader’ to help him stay in power.
He was portrayed in Soviet art, literature and propaganda as almost God-like. Every new policy and idea in Russia was said to have come from Stalin’s own brilliant mind!
He was portrayed in Soviet art, literature and propaganda as almost God-like. Every new policy and idea in Russia was said to have come from Stalin’s own brilliant mind!
Stalin: the Balance Sheet
FOR AGAINST
Transforms Russia into an industrial superpower in twenty years
Russia’s industrial power was decisive in the defeat of Hitler during World War 2
Collectivisation of agriculture fails but causes mistreatment and deaths of millions of kulaks
Industrial development achieved at huge human cost
The Great Terror, responsible for the deaths of millions
The Cult of the Leader prevents the growth of democracy and genuine socialism