lecture part iii: soteriology

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Lecture Part III: Lecture Part III: Soteriology Soteriology Jintae Kim, PhD Alliance Theological Seminary Nyack, NY 10960 (845) 353-2020 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://all4jesus.net

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Lecture Part III: Soteriology. Jintae Kim, PhD Alliance Theological Seminary Nyack, NY 10960 (845) 353-2020 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://all4jesus.net. Views on the Atonement. Background Factors of Atonement (Erickson, 257-58). 1. Divine nature: Perfect and holy 완전하고 거룩 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Lecture Part III: SoteriologyLecture Part III: Soteriology

Jintae Kim, PhD

Alliance Theological Seminary

Nyack, NY 10960

(845) 353-2020

E-mail: [email protected]

Website: http://all4jesus.net

Views on the AtonementViews on the AtonementTheory Content

Socinian Theory Example – denied vicarious satisfaction (cf. 1Pet 2:21).

Moral Influence Theory

Demonstration of God’s Love – denied for necessity of atoning sacrifice – Peter Abelard; Horace Bushnell.

Governmental Theory

Demonstration of Divine Justice – Hugo Grotius.

Ransom Theory Victory over the Forces of Sin and Evil (1Cor 6:20; Matt 20;28) – Origen, Irenaeus, Gregory of Nissa, Augustine.

Satisfaction Theory

Compensation to the Father – Anselm

Background Factors of Background Factors of Atonement (Erickson, 257-58)Atonement (Erickson, 257-58)

1. Divine nature: Perfect and holy 완전하고 거룩2. Legal status: Sin Death 죄의 삯은 사망 Human condition: Total depravity or inability 인

간의 전적 타락3. Christ as God-man (Gal 4:4-5)

4. 예표 : The OT Sacrificial System (Lev 1:4; Isa 53:6) 구약의 제사제도 .

“Such passages as Hebrews 1:1-3; 2:9-18; 9:9-14; 22-28 teach very plainly that the efficacy of Christ’ work is contingent upon the unique constitution of Christ’ person…. It is this consideration that gives such strength to the necessity, spoken of in 9:23, to the effect that while the patterns of things in the heavenlies should be purified with the blood of goats and calves, the heavenly things themselves should be purified by the blood of none other than the Son.

In other words, there is stated to be a necessity that can be met by nothing less than the blood of Jesus. But the blood of Jesus is blood that has the requisite efficacy and virtue only by reason of the fact that he who is the Son, the effulgency of the Father’s glory and the express image of his substance, became himself also partaker of flesh and blood and thus was able by one sacrifice to perfect all those who are sanctified” (Murrary 1955: 14).

NT Teachings on AtonementNT Teachings on Atonement

Gospels (John 1:29; 3:17; Luke 22:37; Matt 16:21; 20:28)

Pauline (Rom 3:25; 5:9; Eph 1:7; Col 1:20)

Basic Meaning of Atonement (261-63)Basic Meaning of Atonement (261-63)

Meaning Explanation Scripture

Sacrifice Atoning sacrifice Heb 9:11-12, 28

Propitiation Appease the wrath of God- Angry God?

Rom 1:18; 4:15; 5:9; Eph 2:3-5; 1Thes 1:10

Substitution Christ died for our sins. Gal 3:13; 1Pet 2:24; 1Tim 2:6; cf. Isa 53:6

Reconcilia-tion

Ended the enmity between God and man.

Rom 11:15; 3:25; 5:10-11

Basic Meaning of AtonementBasic Meaning of Atonement

Meaning Explanation Scripture

Sacrifice 속죄제물 Heb 9:11-12, 28

Propitiation 하나님의 진노를 만족 - Angry God?

Rom 1:18; 4:15; 5:9; Eph 2:3-5; 1Thes 1:10

Substitution 대속 . 우리의 죄가 그 리스도에게 전가됨 .

Gal 3:13; 1Pet 2:24; 1Tim 2:6; cf. Isa 53:6

Reconcilia-tion

하나님과의 화목을 가 져다 줌 .

Rom 11:15; 3:25; 5:10-11

Objections to the Penal Substitution Objections to the Penal Substitution Theory (Erickson, 263-64)Theory (Erickson, 263-64)

1. To the concept of the necessity of atonement: Why doesn’t God simply forgive man? 왜 성가시게 속

죄가 필요한가 ? 2. To the concept of substitution: Is it fair? 불공평하

지 않은가 ? 왜 죄없는 자가 죄인의 죄를 덮어쓰는가 ?

3. To the concept of propitiation: How can the loving God be angry? 사랑의 하나님과 진노의 하나님 ?

4. To the concept of imputation of Christ’s righteousness 그리스도의 의가 어떻게 우리에게

전가될 수 있는가 ? 말이 안된다 .

Implication of Substitutionary Implication of Substitutionary Atonement (Erickson, 264-65)Atonement (Erickson, 264-65)

1. It confirms the biblical teaching of the total depravity of all humans. 인간의 완전타락한 존재이므로 스스로 구원할 수 없다 .

2. God’s nature is not one-sided, nor is there any tension between its different aspects. He is not only righteous and holy, but also loving and merciful. 하나님은 의로우실 뿐 아니라 또한 사랑과 긍휼의 하나님이시다 . 이 두 성품간에 모순은 존재하지 않는다 .

3. There is no other way of salvation but by grace. 구원은 오직 은혜로만 받는다 .

4. There is security for the believer in one’s relationship to God. Christ’s sacrificial death is complete and permanent. 예수님의 대속은 완전할 뿐 아니라 변치 않기 때문에 믿는 자는 하나님과 온전한 관계를 확신할 수 있다 .

5. We must never take lightly the salvation we have. Although it is free, it is also costly. God sacrificed Himself. 구원은 거저 선물로 얻는 것이지만 이를 위해 하나님이 지불한 댓가는 성자 예수님이셨다 . 그러므로 우리는 이 구원을 경시할 수 없다 .

1. Conceptions of Salvation1. Conceptions of SalvationA. Basics Problems Medium ExtentB. Current Conceptions of Salvation Liberation Theology Existential Theology Secular Theology Contemporary Roman Catholic Theology Evangelical Theology

A. BasicsA. Basics

What is the primary human What is the primary human problem? (Erickson, 291)problem? (Erickson, 291)

Direction Problem AnswerVertical (Evangeli-cal)

Separation from God (corrupt human nature)

Restore the broken relationship between God and man Real hope for changing society

Horizontal Evil Social Environment

Social gospel; Liberation Theology; Relational Theology

Internal Guilt, inferiority, insecurity

Growth in self-esteem, self-acceptance, self-understanding.

The Medium of SalvationThe Medium of SalvationMovement Medium

Roman-Catholicism; Lutheran

Opere operato: Grace to be obtained by means of a physical object (sacraments) 성례 .

Social Gospel movement; Liberation Theology

Moral Action 선행 .

Evangelicalism Faith appropriates the work accomplished by Christ

The Extent of SalvationThe Extent of Salvation

Positions Extent

Particularist

They see salvation as based upon individual responses to the grace of God.

Universalist

God will restore all humans to the relationship with Him for which they were originally intended.

B. Current Conceptions of B. Current Conceptions of SalvationSalvation

Liberation Theology Liberation Theology (Erickson, 292)(Erickson, 292)

Present Phenomena

Black, Feminist, Third world theologies (cf. 민중신학 )

Problem of Society

Oppression and exploitation of the powerless classes by the powerful. Capitalism and bad political system.

Scriptural View

The Bible identifies with the oppressed. The redemptive history is the history of the oppressed people.

Kingdom In this present age

HeideggerHeidegger’’s Existential s Existential Philosophy (Erickson, 292-3)Philosophy (Erickson, 292-3)

1. Our aim should be authentic existence, that is, being what we are meant to be, living in such a way as to fulfill the potential which is ours as humans.

2. Inauthenticity: (1) Failure to exercise one’s ability to make choices and act freely; (2) Unwillingness to accept the fact that one has acted freely and is therefore responsible.

3. Authenticity involves accepting responsibility for one’s acts.

2 Tendencies of Modern 2 Tendencies of Modern Human according to BultmannHuman according to Bultmann

(1) Guided by a self-orientation (happiness; security; usefulness, profit) 자기중심적 .

(2) Guided by a wrong hope that the real security can be obtained by their own efforts.

BultmannBultmann’’s View of Scripture s View of Scripture (Erickson, 292)(Erickson, 292)

1. He applies the distinction between the subjective knowledge and the objective knowledge (Empirical science) of Heidegger.

2. Scripture: Not the objective, but the subjective knowledge. It is written for transformation of readers by calling them away from their selfishness and from the illusory security which they has built up for themselves.

BultmannBultmann’’s View of Salvation s View of Salvation (Erickson, 293)(Erickson, 293)

Salvation is not, then, an alteration in the substance of the soul (regeneration), nor is it a forensic declaration that we are righteous in the sight of God (justification). Rather it is a fundamental alteration of our existence, our whole outlook and conduct of life.

Secular Theology (Erickson, 293-4)Secular Theology (Erickson, 293-4)

There are two possible responses which the church makes to the secular views that don’t assume any transcendent or supersensible entities such as God.

Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Dietrich Bonhoeffer, “Religionless Christianity”:“Religionless Christianity”:

He saw the process of the human race’s coming of age not as rebellion against God, bus as God’s educating his highest creature to be independent of him.

John A.T. Robinson and Death of John A.T. Robinson and Death of God theologians:God theologians:

Salvation is not so much through religion as from religion. Realizing one’s capability and utilizing it, becoming independent of God, is the true meaning of salvation. Most people, even those who are outside the church, are already experiencing this salvation. In fact, in view of the church’s present “religious” orientation, those outside may be more genuinely Christian than those inside the church.

Secular Theology (Erickson, 293-4)Secular Theology (Erickson, 293-4)

1. 인본주의적 세속주의를 어떻게 볼 것인가에 대한 신학적 반응이다 .

2. Dietrich Bonhoeffer, “Religionless Christianity”: 인 본주의는 하나님에 대한 거역이 아니고 하나님으

로부터 독립하려는 시도이며 하나님의 교육과정이다 .

3. John A.T. Robinson and Death of God theologians: 구원의 바른 의미는 자신을 깨닫고 하나님으로부

터 독립하여 성숙하고 참된 인간으로서 세상에 참 여하는 것이다 . 따라서 교회를 다니지 않는 사람

들도 이미 구원을 체험한 사람들이 많이 있으며 어떤 의미에서 더 진정한 기독교인들이다 .

3 Levels of Christians according to 3 Levels of Christians according to Contemporary RC (Erickson, 294)Contemporary RC (Erickson, 294)

Members Catholics, who are “incorporated” into the church

Non-Catholic Christians ( 교

회에 연결된 비카톨릭신자들 )

While their situation is not as secure as that of Roman Catholics, they have genuine churches and are not completely separated from God.

Non-Christians connected to RC

Karl Rahner’s “anonymous Christians.” The fact that people are outside the visible Catholic church does not mean that all of them are apart from the grace of God. Christ died for them as well, and we should not deny this grace.

3 Levels of Christians according to 3 Levels of Christians according to Contemporary RC (Erickson, 294)Contemporary RC (Erickson, 294)

Members 교회에 가입된 카톨릭 신자들Non-Catholic Christians ( 교회

에 연결된 비카톨릭신자들 )

구원이 로만 카톨릭처럼 확고한 것은 아니지만 그들의 교회도

참되며 하나님으로부터 완전히 분리된 것은 아니다 .

Non-Christians connected to RC

Karl Rahner’s “anonymous Christians.” 교회를 다니지 않는

사람도 하나님의 은혜에서 떨어 져 있는 것은 아니다 .

2 Aspects of Justification in 2 Aspects of Justification in RCRC

Protestant Notion

Focus

Objective Justification On God’s active and man’s passive aspects

Subjective Sanctification On man’s active aspect

Evangelical Position (Erickson, Evangelical Position (Erickson, 295-6)295-6)

Problem of sin

(1) Broken relationship with God

(2) The very human nature is spoiled as a result of deviation from the law.

Justification

Change of the individual legal status from guilty to not guilty before God

Adoption Legal union with Christ Reconciliation with God

Regeneration

Change of inclination (sinFULrighteous) Restoration of his image: Beginning of spiritual life

복음주의의 견해 복음주의의 견해(Erickson, 295-6)(Erickson, 295-6)

죄의 문제 (1) 하나님과의 깨어진 관계(2) 죄로 인한 인간본성의 타락

칭의 하나님앞에 위치변화 ( 유죄무죄 )

양자됨 그리스도와 법적인 결합 관계회복중생 성향의 변화 ( 죄의 성향 의의 성

향 ) 형상회복 : 영적 생활의 시작 .

2. Antecedent to Salvation: 2. Antecedent to Salvation: PredestinationPredestination

Antecedents to Salvation: 4 Antecedents to Salvation: 4 TermsTerms

Terms Definition

Foreordina-tion ( 선작정 )

God’s will with respect to all matters.

Predestina-tion ( 예정 )

God’s choice of individuals for eternal life or eternal death.

Election

( 택정 )

The selection of some for eternal life (Positive side of Predestination)

Reprobation

( 유기 )

The selection of some for eternal death (Negative side of Predestination)

Antecedents to Salvation: 4 Antecedents to Salvation: 4 TermsTerms

Terms Definition

Foreordina-tion ( 선작정 )

모든 일에 대하여 미리 세워진 하 나님의 뜻

Predestina-tion ( 예정 )

인간의 구원과 멸망에 대하여 세 우신 하나님의 뜻

Election

( 택정 )

영생을 받는 구원받을 자의 택정(Positive side of Predestination)

Reprobation

( 유기 )

구원받지 못할 자의 택정(Negative side of Predestination)

Historical Development of Historical Development of PredestinationPredestination

1. Debate: Augustine vs. Pelagius2. Semi-Pelagianism: AD 431 Ephesus.3. Anselm & Aquinas: Augustinian. 11’th – 13’th c.4. Duns Scotus – 14’th c. Predestination by

“foreknowledge” ( 예지예정 ) – Pelagian.5. Debate: Luther (Augustinian) vs. Erasmus (Free

will). John Calvin.6. J. Arminius: 16’th-17’th c. Semi-Pelagianism. 예

지예정 .7. John Wesley: 18’th c. “Prevenient grace” 선행적

은총 . 알미니안 주의를 일반화시킴 .

2 Views of Predestination2 Views of Predestination

Calvinism vs. Arminianism

Calvinism (TULIP)Calvinism (TULIP)Key: 하나님의 절대주권과 인간의 전적인

타락을 근거로 함 . Sovereignty of God and total depravity of man

Total Depravity 인간의 전적 타락 Unconditional Election 하나님의 절대예정 Limited Atonement 제한적 속죄 * Irresistible Grace 불가항력적인 은혜 Perseverance of Saints 성도의 완전한 견인

ArminianismArminianism

Key: Love of God and human free will. 하나님의 사랑과 인간의 자유의지에 근

거함 . 복음주의에서 자유주의까지 다양 한 견해가 있다 . A variety of views:

Evangelicalism Liberalism

Calvinism vs Arminianism Calvinism vs Arminianism (5 Points)(5 Points)

Calvinism Arminianism

Lostness of man

Total Inability (or depravity)

Free will or Human ability

Election Unconditional Conditional

Atonement Limited General

Grace Irresistible Resistible

Falling Perseverance of Saints

Falling from Grace possible

5 Characteristics of Election 5 Characteristics of Election according to Calvinismaccording to Calvinism

1. An expression of the sovereign will of God and good pleasure of God. 하나님의 절대

주권적인 뜻이며 선한 표현 .2. Efficacious. 절대적인 효력 .3. From all eternity. 영원전부터 이미 이루어짐 .4. Unconditional. 무조건적 .5. Immutable. 불변적 .

3 Calvinistic Views on 3 Calvinistic Views on PredestinationPredestination

Views Order of Predestination

Supralapsarianism ( 전택설 )

구원 / 유기 작정창조작정타락허용작정택자구원작정

Infralapsarianism ( 후택설 )

창조작정 타락허용작정 구원 / 유기 작정택자구원작정

Sublapsarianism

( 아밀라주의 )

인간창조작정 타락허용작정속죄사역작정택자구원작정

Objections to Calvinism Objections to Calvinism (Mostly practical)(Mostly practical)

1. It is fatalistic. 운명론적 . 무조건적 택정이라면 우리의 행위가 무슨 소용이 있는가 ?

2. It negates any missionary or evangelistic impulse. 하나님이 이미 택정했다면 선교와 전도는 왜

해야 하는가 ?

3. It is contradiction to human freedom. 인간의 자 유의지와 조화가 되지 않는다 . 모든 것이 하나

님의 주권이라면 결국 하나님 책임이 아닌가 ?

Arminianism: Its Starting PointsArminianism: Its Starting Points

1. God desires all persons to be saved. (2Pet 3:9; Ezek 33:11; 1Tim 2:4; Isa 55:1).

2. All persons are able to believe or to meet the conditions of salvation. John Wesley “prevenient grace”: Grace that is given by God to all persons indiscriminately. Where in the Bible?

3. God foreknew those whom he will save (Rom 8:29; 1Pet 1:1-2). (foreknowledge).

4. Objections to the Calvinistic understanding of predestination as unconditional or absolute.

Arminianism: Its Starting PointsArminianism: Its Starting Points

1. 하나님은 모든 사람이 구원받기를 원하신다(2Pet 3:9; Ezek 33:11; 1Tim 2:4; Isa 55:1).

2. 인간은 믿음을 선택할 능력이 있다 . John Wesley “prevenient grace” ( 선행적 은혜 ): 하나

님이 균등하게 인간에게 베푸시는 은혜 . Where in the Bible?

3. 하나님은 구원할 자를 미리 아셨다 (Rom 8:29; 1Pet 1:1-2). 선지 (foreknowledge).

4. 칼빈주의의 예정에 대한 무조건적인 개념을반대한다 .

Objections to Arminianism Objections to Arminianism (Erickson, 302-303)(Erickson, 302-303)

1. 칼빈주의에 비해 성경적 증거 빈약 : “ 선행적” 은혜 와 예정이 예지에 기초한다는 주장 .

2. 그렇다면 만인을 구원으로 초청한 이유는 무엇인가 ?

3. 그렇다면 인간은 참 자유가 있다고 할 수 있나 ?

4. 그렇다면 인간은 하나님의 은혜를 거절할 수 있는 자유는 있는가 ?

Six Implications of Predestination Six Implications of Predestination (Erickson, 303-4)(Erickson, 303-4)

1. What God has decided will come to pass.

2. We need not criticize ourselves when some people reject Christ.

3. Predestination does not nullify incentive for evangelism and missions.

4. Grace is absolutely necessary.

5. God commands us to choose.

6. The problem of God’s sovereignty and human freedom cannot be solved by human mind..

예정론의 예정론의 66 가지 명심사항 가지 명심사항(Erickson, 303-4)(Erickson, 303-4)

1. 하나님이 결정하신 일은 반드시 이루어진다 .

2. 예수를 모르는 사람들에 대해서 우리가 전적인 책임을 질 필요는 없다 .

3. 예정은 전도나 선교의 열정을 파괴하지 않는다4. 은혜는 절대적으로 필요하다 .

5. 하나님은 나에게 선택을 명령하셨다 .

6. 하나님의 주권과 인간의 자유에 대한 모순은 우 리가 해결할 수 없다 .

3. Beginning of Salvation: 3. Beginning of Salvation: Subjective AspectsSubjective Aspects

Ordo Salutis (Order of Salvation)Ordo Salutis (Order of Salvation)1. Antecedents: Election 택정 Effectual Calling 유효한 부르심2. Beginning: (1) Objective: Union with Christ; Justification 칭의

Adoption 양자됨 (2) Subjective: Conversion 회심 ; Regeneration 중생3. Continuation: Sanctification 성화4. Perseverance 견인5. Glorification 영화

Effectual Calling: DefinitionEffectual Calling: Definition1. It is God’s special work with the elect, enabling

them to respond in repentance and faith, and rendering it certain that they will (Erickson, 307).

2. It involves the general calling of God in the Gospel made effective in an individual as he or she believes the Gospel and accepts Christ as Savior and Lord. It is given only to all of the elect, and since it is effectual and irrevocable, it necessarily results in salvation and is logically prior to conversion and necessarily leads to it (House, 102).

Universal vs. Effectual or Special Universal vs. Effectual or Special Calling (Erickson, 306-7)Calling (Erickson, 306-7)

Invitation extended to all persons. We call this God’s universal calling (Matt 22:14 – “Come to me, all who labor and are heavy-laden….).

God works in a particularly effective way with the elect. (Rom 1:7; 1Cor 1:24; Heb 3:1; 2Pet 1:10). Special calling is in large measure the Holy Spirit’s work of illumination, enabling them to understand the true meaning of the gospel.

Universal vs. Effectual or Special Universal vs. Effectual or Special Calling (Erickson, 306-7)Calling (Erickson, 306-7)

하나님은 인류 모두를 부르셨

다 . 이 부르심 을 우주적인 부

르심이라고 한 다 (Matt

22:14).

이 우주적인 부르심 가운 데 하나님의 택하심을 따 라특별히 믿는 자들을 부

르심은특별한 부르심이 다 (Rom 1:7; 1Cor 1:24;

Heb 3:1; 2Pet 1:10). 특별 한 부르심이란대개 성령 의 조명으로 복음의 참의 를 깨닫게 하시는 사역이

다 .

Order of Subjective AspectsOrder of Subjective Aspects

Arminian Calvinistic

Order Conversion Regeneration

Regeneration Conversion

Rationale

회심 ( 믿음 ) 은 중생의 필수조건

이다 . 인간이 회 개하고 믿은 후에

하나님이 구원하 시고 변화시키신

다 (cf. Acts 2:38; 16:31).

만약 모든 사람이 정말 전적으로 부

패했다면먼저 중 생되지 않으면누

구도 회심할 수 없다 .

Conversion and Regeneration Conversion and Regeneration (Erickson, 311)(Erickson, 311)

Conversion refers to our response in repentance (negative) and faith (positive) to God’s offer of salvation and approach to humankind.

Regeneration is God’s transformation of individual believers, his giving a new spiritual vitality and direction to their lives when they accepts Christ.

Biased Views on Faith Biased Views on Faith (Erickson, 310)(Erickson, 310)

Theology View on Faith

Protestant Scholarticism

Merely intellectual agreement to doctrinal statements.

Neo-orthodox

( 신정통신학 )

Personal encounter with God. A matter of view of the scripture.

Anti-intellectualism ( 반이성주의 )

Against the reason. 이러한 형 태는격렬한 은사주의에서 많

이 나타남 .

Biased Views on Faith Biased Views on Faith (Erickson, 310)(Erickson, 310)

Theology View on Faith

Protestant Scholarticism

교리에 대한 지적인동의로만봄 .

Neo-orthodox

( 신정통신학 )

하나님과의 인격적인 만남으 로만봄 . 성경론의 문제 .

Anti-intellectualism ( 반이성주의 )

이성과 대치되는 것으로봄 . 이러한 형태는격렬한 은사주 의에서 많이 나타남 .

Meaning of Regeneration Meaning of Regeneration (Erickson, 311-2)(Erickson, 311-2)

1. Something new. 중생은새로워짐 , 즉한 인간 의 자연적인 성향들이 전적으로뒤바뀌는 것을

말한다 .2. Counteracting the effects of sin (Gal 5:24-25). 죄

의 성향에 대항하는 속성이 생성되었슴을 말한다 .

3. Instantaneous (John 1:12-13; 2Cor 5:17). 순간적 인 것이다 .

4. Supernatural (John 3:6). 초자연적인 현상이다 .

Implications of Effectual Calling, Conversion, Implications of Effectual Calling, Conversion, and Regeneration (Erickson, 313).and Regeneration (Erickson, 313).

1. 인간의 본성은 사회개혁이나 교육에 의하여 변 화될 수 없다 .

2. 누가 중생할 것인가는누구도 예측할 수 없다 .3. 신자의삶은 스스로가 죄인됨을 깨닫고 자기중

심적인삶을포기할 결심을 함으로 이루어진다 .4. 구원에 이르는 참 신앙은 하나님과 그 사역에 대

한올바른 믿음을 전제로 한다 .5. 회심의 양상은 사람에 따라 다를 수 있다 .6. 거듭남이란그것이발생할 때느껴지는 것이 아

니다 .

4. The Beginning of Salvation: 4. The Beginning of Salvation: Objective AspectsObjective Aspects

(1) Union with Christ 그리스도와의 연합(2Cor 5:17; Eph 1:3-6; Col 1:27; 2:20; Gal 2:20; Rom 6:3-5)

(2) Justification 칭의(3) Adoption 양자됨

Inadequate Models for Union with Inadequate Models for Union with Christ (Erickson, 316)Christ (Erickson, 316)

Model Arguments

Metaphysi-cal

The pantheistic concept that we are one in essence with God (ex. New age idea).

Mystical

신비주의적The relationship between the believer and Jesus is so deep and absorbing that the believer virtually loses his or her own individuality (possession, not union).

Psychologi-cal 심리적

Like the union between two friends or between a teacher and student (fellowship, not union).

Sacramental The believer obtains the grace of Jesus Christ by receiving the sacraments.

Inadequate Models for Union with Inadequate Models for Union with Christ (Erickson, 316)Christ (Erickson, 316)

Model Arguments

Metaphysical 범신론적인 개념 . 우리는 본질적으 로 하나님과 하나이다 .

Mystical

신비주의적 그리스도와의 연합을통하여 예수님

과의깊은 관계에 도달하게 되면 신 자는 완전히 자아를잃어버리게 된다

는 개념이다 .

Psychological 심리적

친구들 사이나 사제지간의 연합과같 은 개념으로 설명하려 한다 .

Sacramental

성례적 성례를통하여 그리스도와 육체적으

로 연합한다 .

Characteristics of the Union (Erickson, Characteristics of the Union (Erickson, 316-7)316-7)

Nature of Union Explanation

Judicial in nature 법적

When the Father evaluates or judges us before the law, he does not look upon us alone. In his sight, we are one with Christ.

Spiritual (1Cor 12:14; Rom 8:9)

(1) Effected by the HS; (2) It is a union of spirits, but not a union of persons in one essence, as in the Trinity.

Vital His life actually flows into ours, renewing our inner nature and imparting spiritual strength.

Characteristics of the Union Characteristics of the Union (Erickson, 316-7)(Erickson, 316-7)

Nature of Union

Explanation

Judicial in nature 법적

하나님께서 우리를보실 때 , 그 리스도와 한 연합체로보신다 .

Spiritual (1Cor 12:14; Rom 8:9)

(1) 성령의 사역 ; (2) 영적인 결 합 ( 삼위일체와같은 결합은 아

니다 )

Vital 새로운 영적 생명력을 불어넣어준다 .

Implication of Union with Implication of Union with Christ (Erickson, 317-8)Christ (Erickson, 317-8)

1. We are accounted righteous (Rom 8:1). 2. We now live in Christ’s strength (2Cor 12:9).3. We now share Christ’s sufferings (Col 1:24; Phil

3:10).4. We have the prospect of reigning with Christ

(Luke 22:30; 2Tim 2:11-12).

Implication of Union with Implication of Union with Christ (Erickson, 317-8)Christ (Erickson, 317-8)

1. 우리는 그리스도와의 연합으로 의롭다고 여겨 지게 된다 (Rom 8:1).

2. 우리는 이제 그리스도의 능력 안에서산다(2Cor 12:9).

3. 우리도 그리스도와 연합하여 고난에동참하여 야 한다 (Col 1:24; Phil 3:10).

4. 우리는 그리스도와 함께영광에 오르며 , 함께 통치할 소망을 가질 수 있다 (Luke 22:30; 2Tim

2:11-12).

JustificationJustification

1. Definition:

It is God’s action pronouncing sinners righteous in his sight; it is a forensic act imputing the righteousness of Christ to the believer on the basis of the sufficiency of Christ’s atoning death (Erickson, 318).

2. While it is faith that leads to justification, justification must and will inevitably produce good woks (Erickson, 320-1).

5. Continuation and 5. Continuation and Completion of SalvationCompletion of Salvation

SanctificationPerseveranceGlorification

Justification vs. SanctificationJustification vs. Sanctification

Justification Sanctification

Duration Instantaneous Process

Quantita-tive

Either justified or not

More or less sanctified

Qualita-tive

Forensic or declarative

Actual transformation

Character Objective work affecting our standing before God

Subjective work affecting our inner person

칭의와 성화의 비교대조 칭의와 성화의 비교대조

칭의 성화다루는 문제

과거 : 원죄와 모든 죄

현재 : 육신속에 잠재한 죄의 능력

시간적 믿는 순간 즉시 한번에

과정 : 믿음 -->죽음

질적 적용 모든 사람에게 동일

사람에 따라 정도가 다름

최후의 심판시

천국이냐 지옥이냐 ?

어떤 상급이 기다리는가 ?

Characteristics of Sanctification Characteristics of Sanctification (Erickson, 326-7)(Erickson, 326-7)

1. Supernatural (1Thes 5:23). 초자연적인 하나님 의 역사 . 개혁이 아니다 .

2. Progressive (Phil 1:6). 점진적인 역사 . 3. Conforming to Christ himself (Rom 8:29). 궁극

적인 목표는 그리스도이다 . 4. The work of the Holy Spirit (Gal 5:16, 22-25). 성

령의 역사5. Role for the believer (Phil 2:12). 성도의 능동적

역할을 요구한다 .

Common Grounds on Common Grounds on Perseverance (Erickson, 329)Perseverance (Erickson, 329)

1. God is almighty and keeps the promises faithful.

2. Salvation comes only from grace of God, not by human works.

3. The Holy Spirit is working in the lives of believers.

4. Believers may be assured of his salvation.

Common Grounds on Common Grounds on Perseverance (Erickson, 329)Perseverance (Erickson, 329)

1. 하나님은 전능하시며 신실하게 그 약속을 지키신다 .

2. 구원은 인간의 행위로 말미암는 것이 아니며 하나님의 은혜이다 .

3. 신자들의삶에는 성령이 역사하고 계시다 .

4. 신자들은 현재 자신이 구원 받았음을 확실히 알 수 있다 .

Perseverance? (Erickson, 329-10) Perseverance? (Erickson, 329-10) Arminian vs. CalvinistArminian vs. Calvinist

Arminian 중생한 자가 타락할 수

있다 . 성경은배교했거 나 믿음에서 떨어져 나간

사람들의 예를 구체적으 로 기록하고 있다 (Matt

24:3-14; Col 1:21-23; Heb 6:4-6,11-12; 10:26-27). 칼

빈주의의 견해는 성경에 서 말하는 인간의 자유에

대한 개념과배치된다 .

Calvinist 하나님께서 그의 사랑하시

는 자 안에서 받아 들이시 고 성령으로 효력있게 부르

시고 거룩하게 하신 자들은 은혜의 상태로부터 전적 ,

혹은최종적으로탈락할 수 없고끝까지 확실히 견인하

며 영원히 구원을 얻을 것 이다 (Rom 8:31-39; 1Pet

1:3-5; Phil 1:6).

Interpretation of Heb 6:4-6 (Erickson, Interpretation of Heb 6:4-6 (Erickson, 331-2)331-2)

ArgumentLiteral: Arminian

The writer has in mind genuinely saved persons who lose their salvation.

Doctrinal: Calvin

The persons in view were never regenerate.

Pastoral

The people in view are genuinely and permanently saved; they are not lost. The writer is merely describing what would be the case if the elect were to fall away (an impossibility).

Interpretation of Heb 6:4-6 Interpretation of Heb 6:4-6 (Erickson, 331-2)(Erickson, 331-2)

Argument

Literal: Arminian

참으로 구원받았다가 믿음에서 떨 어진 사람을 말한다 .

Doctrinal: Calvin

여기서언급된 자는 참으로 중생한 자가 아니다 .

Pastoral

영원히 구원받은 자들이다 . 그들은 “ …” 구원을잃은 것이 아니라 만일 이라는내용은 경고일 뿐이지 실제

로 일어나지는 않는다 .

Glorification (Glorification ( 영화영화 ))

1. The final stage of the process of salvation.

2. Etymology: Hebrew “kabod” (splendor, wealth, and pomp); Greek “doxa”(brightness, splendor, magnificence, and fame (Ps 73:24; Rom 8:18; 1 Pet 5:4)

“And those he predestined, he also called; those he called, he also justified; those he justified, he also glorified”(Rom 8:30)

성도의 영화의 성도의 영화의 6 6 가지 의미 가지 의미(Erickson, 334-5)(Erickson, 334-5)

1. 구원의 완성 ( 롬 5:9-10; 8:33-34, 38-39)

2. 온전한 성화 ( 골 1:22; 엡 1:4; 빌 1:9-11; 윧24; 계 20:7-10)

3. 온전한 지식의 소유 ( 고전 13:12; 요일 3:2)

4. 완전한 부활체를 입게 됨 ( 빌 3:20-21; 고후5:1-5; 고전 15:38-52)

5. 새하늘과새땅 ( 롬 8:21; 계 21:1-2)

6. 하나님과 영원히 함께거함 .

Present Body vs Resurrection Body Present Body vs Resurrection Body (Erickson, 335; 1Cor 15:38-52)(Erickson, 335; 1Cor 15:38-52)

현재의몸 부활의몸Perishable ( 썩어질몸 ):

질병과죽음

Incorruptible ( 썩지 않는몸 ): 질병과썩음에서 자유

Sown in dishonor

( 욕된몸 )

Glorious

( 영광스러운몸 )

Weak ( 약한몸 ) Powerful ( 강한몸 )

Physical ( 육적인몸 ) Spiritual ( 영적인몸 )