lecture 2 pulled into wwii

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Lecture 2 Pulled Into WWII

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Lecture 2 Pulled Into WWII. Part I. In the ’30s, America clung desperately to Isolationism. Neutrality Acts We refuse to sell weapons to any country at war The Saint Louis - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Lecture 2

Pulled Into WWII

Part I. In the ’30s, America clung desperately to Isolationism

• Neutrality Acts – We refuse to sell weapons to any country at

war

• The Saint Louis– When a group of Jewish refugees from

Germany came on the ship The Saint Louis, America, complaining that we had no room for needy people on account of the Great Depression, turned them away

Part II. Interwar Events in Europe Threatened This Isolationism

• Many Americans, including FDR himself, watched the rise of totalitarianism in Europe with growing concern

• Why? – A) Totalitarianism ≠ Democracy

• The Germans and Italians explicitly rejected founding American ideals

– B) Aggression• The Nazis were not content to hold their ideas. They wanted to

spread them• Hitler took over Czechoslovakia and Austria, and later Poland, and

France – C) America’s economic interests

• Since America had traditionally traded a great deal with England, their entry into the war hurt us economically

Part III. Events in the Pacific Stressed Isolationism Even Further

• Japan was the most advanced non-western (think ‘non-European’ or ‘non-white’) nation in the world

• They were growing tired of being mistreated by the west – Example no racial equality clause in Treaty of Versailles

• Japan dreamed of building a Pacific Empire to become a first rate power– Unable to convince the west to welcome them as equals, the Japanese

turned towards totalitarianism to win respect by force • The U.S. viewed the Pacific as their ‘Sphere of Influence’ (think

Open Door Policy) – Thus, we were an obstacle to Japanese ambitions– Remember, the U.S. had made the decision to extend Manifest Destiny

beyond the borders of the western United States• Japan, inspired by the boldness and successes of the Germans and

Italians, eyed juicy Asian territories– Why were these territories ‘ripe for the picking’ starting in 1939?

Part IV. Neutrality Collapses Completely• The League of Nations proves to be worthless in preventing war

– Why? – The Axis powers (Germany, Japan, and Italy) simply ignore it– Thus, if something is going to be done to stop the aggressiveness

of the axis, it is up to individual countries • After Japanese soldiers brutalized Chinese civilians as part of their

expansive policies, FDR gave an anti-isolationist Quarantine Speech, calling on peaceful nations to isolate aggressive ones– We then proceeded to embargo the sale of oil to the Japanese to

hinder their aggressive policies• As Britain struggled alone against the Nazis (after the fall of Poland,

France, and Czechoslovakia), FDR felt he could not wait for public opinion to finally turn against isolationism– Cash and Carry Lend-Lease Act

• Basically, we started selling weapons to the British • Interesting side note… when Britain ran out of cash, we started

to accept payment in the form of international naval bases– As a result, the British transferred their world empire to the

United States– Changing of the guard of world power

• Pearl Harbor Courage? Insanity? – U.S. economy is 10x that of Japan– Why attack someone so much more powerful

than yourself– Japanese reasoning- ‘The U.S. will not

tolerate a two ocean war. Too expensive. After we deal them a death blow (cripple Pacific navy) they will retreat back onto the North American continent and give up on their expansion of Manifest Destiny. Then Asia is ours!’

• Miscalculation!

• The Attack– Japanese aircraft carriers were sent under radio

silence along rarely used shipping lanes – Launched an attack on Pearl on Sunday morning

• Catch the U.S. off guard – U.S. thought more likely that attack would come against

their Philippines base • Declaration of war arrived after the attack, due to

some strange circumstances – Crazy tidbit- U.S. was testing out radar near Pearl

Harbor that morning- saw the attacks coming, but no one believed the radar

• The Cost – America

• 4 Battleships Sunk , 3 battleships damaged, 1 battleship grounde, 2 destroyers sunk, 1 other ship sunk, 3 cruisers damaged, 1 destroyer damaged, 3 other ships damaged, 188 aircraft destroyed, 155 aircraft damaged, 2,402 killed, 1,247 wounded

– Japan• 4 midget submarines sunk, 1 midget submarine grounded, 29 aircraft destroyed, 64 killed, 1 captured

• Not Sunk??? – U.S. Aircraft Carriers

FDR

Dec 7th, 1941

“…a day that will live in infamy.”

Pearl Harbor from a satellite

Part VI. Aftermath of Pearl

• War declared all around• ‘Europe First’ Strategy adopted by the U.S. and

Britain • A year long series of victories won by the

Japanese – Only two ‘capital’ British battleships in the Pacific sunk

in the days after Pearl Harbor

• The Japanese took over big chunks of China, Indochina, and the East Indies/Pacific Islands

Hansen Name ___________________U.S. History Period __________________

Lecture #2- Pulled into WWII

Part I. In the ’30s, America clung desperately to Isolationism• Neutrality Acts

– We refused ____________________________________• The Saint Louis

– When a group of Jewish refugees from Germany came on the ship The Saint Louis, America, ______________________ _________________________________, turned them away

Part II. Interwar Events in Europe Threatened This Isolationism• Many Americans, including ______________, watched the _______

_____________________________________with growing concern • Why?

– A) Totalitarianism ≠ ____________________• The Germans and Italians explicitly rejected

____________________________________– B) Aggression

• The Nazis were not content to hold their ideas. They wanted ___________________________

• Hitler took over Czechoslovakia and Austria, and later __________________________________________

– C) America’s economic interests • Since America had traditionally _______________

_____________________________, their entry into the war hurt us economically

Part III. Events in the Pacific Stressed Isolationism Even Further• Japan was the most ___________________________ (think ‘non-

European’ or ‘non-white’) _____________________________ • They were growing tired of being ___________________

– Example no __________________ in Treaty of Versailles• Japan dreamed of building a Pacific Empire to become __________

__________________________– Unable to convince the west to welcome them as equals, the

Japanese ________________________________________ _________________________________________________

• The U.S. viewed the Pacific as their ‘Sphere of Influence’ (think _____________________________)

– Thus, we were an obstacle ___________________________– Remember, the U.S. had made the decision to ___________

__________________ beyond the borders of the western United States

• Japan, ________________________________________ of the Germans and Italians, __________________________

– Why were these territories ‘ripe for the picking’ starting in 1939? ____________________________________ ____________________________________________

Part IV. Neutrality Collapses Completely• The League of Nations proves to be worthless in preventing

war – Why? - ______________________________________– The Axis powers (Germany, Japan, and Italy) _______

____________________________________________– Thus, if something is going to be done to stop the

aggressiveness of the axis, it is up to ______________• After Japanese soldiers ___________________________ as

part of their expansive policies, FDR gave an anti-isolationist Quarantine Speech, calling on peaceful nations to _________ _______________________________________________

– We then proceeded ___________________________ to the Japanese to hinder their aggressive policies

• As Britain ________________________________________ (after the fall of Poland, France, and Czechoslovakia), FDR felt he could not wait for public opinion _________________ ________________________________________________

– Cash and Carry Lend-Lease Act • Basically,_______________________________

__________________________• Interesting side note… when Britain ran out of

cash, we started to accept payment in the form of ____________________________________

– As a result, the British transferred their ________________________________

– ________________________________– British complained to America that too many of the

ships it brought from America were sunk on the way to Britain by German u-boats

• U.S. agreed to _________________________ __________, bringing them into military conflict ______________________ before Pearl Harbor

• In the ____________________, FDR signed a treaty agreeing that the U.S. and England had _________________________

– Interesting, since the U.S. had _________________ ___________

V. Pearl! • Pearl Harbor Courage? Insanity?

– U.S. economy was _______________________________– Why attack someone so much more powerful than yourself?– Japanese reasoning- ‘The U.S. ______________________

_______________________. Too ____________. After we deal them a death blow (cripple ________________) they will retreat back onto the North American continent and give up on _______________________________ . Then ___________!’

• ___________________________ • The Attack

– Japanese __________________ were sent under ___________________ along rarely used shipping lanes

– Launched an attack on Pearl on __________________• Catch the U.S. off guard

– U.S. thought more likely that attack would come against ______________________

• Declaration of war arrived _________________, due to some strange circumstances

– Crazy tidbit- U.S. was _____________________________ __________________________ that morning- saw the attacks coming, but no one __________________________

• The Cost – America

• 4 Battleships Sunk , 3 battleships damaged, 1 battleship grounde, 2 destroyers sunk, 1 other ship sunk, 3 cruisers damaged, 1 destroyer damaged, 3 other ships damaged, 188 aircraft destroyed, 155 aircraft damaged, 2,402 killed, 1,247 wounded

– Japan• 4 midget submarines sunk, 1 midget submarine grounded,

29 aircraft destroyed, 64 killed, 1 captured

• Not Sunk??? – ______________________________

• FDR– Dec 7th, 1941 , “…_______________________.”

VI. Aftermath • _________________________________________• __________________ Strategy adopted by the U.S. and Britain • A year long series of victories ___________________________

– Only two _____________________________ in the Pacific sunk in the days after Pearl Harbor

• The Japanese took over big chunks of __________, ____________, and the ________________________________________