Learning to Share?Understanding perceptions of repurposing OERs in Social Science research methods

Dr Luke SloanDeputy Director Cardiff Q-Step

School of Social Sciences, Cardiff UniversityE: sloanls@cardiff.ac.uk Follow: @drlukesloan

Outline

• Background

• True or False?

• Jorum Audit

• OER Survey

• Synthesis

• What’s Next…

Background

• OERs and research methods teaching

• Rational actor problem

• Producers vs Consumers

• Creative Commons as a solution?

• 84% use ‘Share Alike’ (Carter and Kernohan 2012)Lack of awareness of Creative Commons licenses or wilful deviance?

True or False?

Attribution (BY): not everything needs to be attributed

No Derivative (ND): content must be substantially changed before use

Non-Commercial (NC): content, whether original or derived, cannot be used for commercial purposes

Images from: http://creativecommons.org.au/learn-more/licences

Share Alike (SA): only derived content of over 50% originality must be shared

FALSE

FALSE

TRUE

FALSE

Unsurprisingly you did well (it’s not difficult!) so is this….

- Wilful deviance?- Like taping a song off the radio?- Ignorance?

Jorum Audit I

• Searched ‘research methods’ (JACS = ‘Social Studies’)

• Also searched for my own resources (improperly labelled)

• 92 resources identified

• Recorded:– CC license type– Whether original– Views & downloads

Jorum Audit II

• License types:– BY (x2)– BY-SA (x2)– BY-NC-ND (x1)– BY-NC-SA (x86)

• All original (as far as I could tell)

• Top 15 downloads as follows:

Jorum Audit IIITopic: Author: License: Downloads:

Quantitative and qualitative data Pete Richardson BY-NC-SA 835

Logistic Regression Dr Luke Sloan BY-NC-SA 670

Student Guide to SPSS Dr Luke Sloan BY-NC-SA 493

Qualitative Research Methods: A Module Summary Alison Anderson, Kevin Meethan BY-NC-SA 271

Approaches to Political Analysis Jonathan Parker, Keele University BY-NC-SA 236

Hypotheses, Probability, Chi-Square and T-Tests Dr Luke Sloan BY-NC-SA 187

Student Guide to NVivo Dr Luke Sloan BY-NC-SA 186

Research Methods: Final Year Project Toolkit: Developing your research question/formulating hypotheses Laura Lake BY-NC-SA 149

Coding qualitative data Kevin Meethan BY-NC-SA 137

Research Methods: Final Year Project Toolkit: Bivariate Analysis Laura Lake BY-NC-SA 121

Supporting Materials for M level Qualitative Research Methods Kevin Meethan BY-NC-SA 114

Frequencies, Central Tendency, Dispersion & Standard Deviation Dr Luke Sloan BY-NC-SA 107

Correlation and Simple Linear Regression Dr Luke Sloan BY-NC-SA 103

Hypotheses and Chi-Square (Pearson) Dr Luke Sloan BY-NC-SA 103

Research Methods: Final Year Project Toolkit: Primary Research Methods Laura Lake BY-NC-SA 94

Note that they are all under ‘Share Alike’ licenses… so where are the derivatives and the attributions?

Jorum Audit III

• Reasonable assumption that some derived material was created when downloaded 500+ times?

• Unlikely that original material is presented by adopters in the classroom?

• Still searching for any attributed and derived versions of my logistic regression slides…

62

436

205

74

67

58

51

Jorum Audit IV

Note: For my Logistic Regression slides…

Jorum Audit VCountry Code  Country  Total views and downloads 

US UNITED STATES 12633GB UNITED KINGDOM 7372DE GERMANY 882IN INDIA 694CN CHINA 691CA CANADA 420BR BRAZIL 404AU AUSTRALIA 281ET ETHIOPIA 272UA UKRAINE 226PK PAKISTAN 215JP JAPAN 204MY MALAYSIA 203NL NETHERLANDS 194PH PHILIPPINES 162

Note: For all resources audited (gives an indication of the scale of use…)

Jorum Audit VI

• In summary, all very frustrating!

• Looking for signatures that infer re-purposing

• Reminiscent of previous work

• Change of tack required!

OER Survey I

• In collaboration with Jorum User Survey

• Questions on level of experience in using/producing OERs

• Questions on confidence of applying and observing Creative Commons Licences

• 80 responses from FE and HE for closed and open questions

OER Survey II

Type of OER User:

Total

Confident/ experienced user

of Open Educational

Resources (OER)

Inexperienced user of Open Educational

Resources (OER)

New to Open Educational

Resources (OER)

I fully understand how I am able to use a Creative

Commons licenced resource:

Strongly agree 59.26% (n=16) 23.53% (n=8) 10.53% (n=2) 32.5%

Agree 37.04% (n=10) 38.24% (n=13) 15.79% (n=3) 32.5%

Neutral 0.00% (n=0) 17.65% (n=6) 21.05% (n=4) 12.5%

Disagree 0.00% (n=0) 8.82% (n=3) 5.26% (n=1) 5.0%

Strongly disagree 3.70% (n=1) 2.94% (n=1) 26.32% (n=5) 8.75%

N/A 0.00% (n=0) 8.82% (n=3) 21.05% (n=4) 8.8%

A clear pattern – the more experienced users have a ‘higher level of understanding’ (although not all)

OER Survey III

Type of OER User:

Total

Confident/ experienced user

of Open Educational

Resources (OER)

Inexperienced user of Open Educational

Resources (OER)

New to Open Educational

Resources (OER)

Confidence in attributing a Creative Commons License to

a resource:

Strongly Agree 51.85% (n=14) 8.82% (n=3) 5.26% (n=1) 22.5%

Agree 33.33% (n=9) 38.24% (n=13) 15.79% (n=3) 31.3%

Neutral 11.11% (n=3) 17.65% (n=6) 31.58% (n=6) 18.8%

Disagree 0.00% (n=0) 23.54% (n=4) 5.26% (n=1) 11.3%

Strongly Disagree 3.70% (n=1) 2.94% (n=1) 21.05% (n=4) 7.5%

N/A 0.00% (n=0) 8.82% (n=3) 21.05% (n=4) 8.8%

Surprising amount of ‘lack of confidence’ admitted for such a biased sample? More confident in using a product than allocating a license…

OER Survey IV

Type of OER User:

Total

Confident/ experienced user of Open Educational

Resources (OER)

Inexperienced user of Open Educational

Resources (OER)

New to Open Educational Resources

(OER)

Does your institution or organisation

support you to use OERs?

No 18.52% (n=5) 11.78% (n=4) 5.26% (n=1) 12.5%

Yes 55.56% (n=15) 44.12% (n=15) 21.05% (n=4) 42.5%

Don't know 22.22% (n=6) 35.29% (n=12) 68.42% (n=13) 38.8%N/A 3.70% (n=1) 8.82% (n=3) 5.26% (n=1) 6.3%

Institutional support increases use of OERs or vice-versa? What’s the causal direction? What are the confounding factors? Who do you turn to for

advice?

Synthesis

• Repurposing is not happening at the scale it should be

• Inexperienced users not familiar or confident with Creative Commons licenses (all potential users are ‘inexperienced’)

• The issue is international

• A need for clear communication about sharing

What’s Next…

• Survey participants agreed to be contacted about this HEA project

• Plan to create short videos to go on Jorum homepage and other websites about the following:– Experience of choosing a license– Experience of repurposing and sharing– Experience of receiving credit for created resources– Experience of seeking institutional support/advice

Discussion

Learning to Share?Understanding perceptions of repurposing OERs in Social Science research methods

Dr Luke SloanDeputy Director Cardiff Q-Step

School of Social Sciences, Cardiff UniversityE: sloanls@cardiff.ac.uk Follow: @drlukesloan