Before we continue studying let’s smile together

Styles : general characteristics of intellectual

function.

Every student has different styles in learning,

most of students gravitate to one of these

main learning styles

They can usually adapt to another style if

necessary.

When designing or teaching a course, you should

look for opportunities to incorporate learning

experiences and activities that appeal to each

learning style to increase the likelihood of learner

success.

Teenager AdultChildren

Up to the age of about eleven(11)

Should be fun and naturalIntroducing songs and games

Simple vocabulary and structure

Absence of stress

More sensitive to anything that

touches the senses (touch, see,

listen, smell, taste)

react easily to physical objects

Between twelve (12) and eighteen (18)

More increasing capacities for abstraction as result of intellectual maturation.

Feel uncomfortable and shy to follow instructions in a language class

Bring egos into a classroom when doing physical responses may be critical for older students.

teenagers may demand to know the rules and the meanings in their language.

Some appropriate methods Grammar Translation Method, Community Language Learning and Counseling-Learning theory.

engage with abstract thought

have a whole range of life experience

have expectations about learning process,

and may have their own set patterns of

learning.

Discipline and prepared to struggle on

despite the boredom.

have rich of experiences which allow to use

a wide range of activities.

Understand purpose of learning and

what they want to get out of it.

Learner Styles

Aptitude

Good Learner

Characteristics

Some students are better at learning languages than others. At least that is the generally held view, and in the 1950s and 1960s it crystallized around the belief that it was possible to predict a student’s future progress on the basic of linguistic aptitude tests. But it soon became clear that such tests were flawed in a number of ways. They did not appear to measure anything other than general intellectual ability even though they ostensibly looked for linguistic talents. Further, they favored analytic-type learners over their more ‘holistic’ counterparts, so that the tests were especially suited to people who have little trouble doing grammar-focused tasks

Neil Naiman and his colleagues included a tolerance of ambiguity as a feature of good learning together with areas such as positive task orientation (being prepared to approach tasks in a positive fashion), ego involvement (where success is important for a student’s self-image), high aspirations, goal orientation, and perseverance. Joan Rubin and Irene Thompson version of a good learner also mentions students who can find their own way (without always having to be guided by the teacher through learning tasks), who are creative, who make intelligent guesses, who make their own opportunities for practice, who make errors work for them not against them, and who use contextual clues

Convergers: by nature solitary, avoid groups,

independent and confident in their own abilities.

analytic, impose own structures on learning. cool and

pragmatic.

Conformists: emphasise learning ‘about language’ over

learning to use it. dependent, to work in non-

communicative classrooms, doing what they are told. see

well-organised teachers.

Concrete learner: like conformists, enjoy the social

aspects, learn from direct experience. interested in

language as communication. enjoy games and group work

in class.

Communicative learner: language use oriented. They are

confortable out of class, confidence, take risks.

interested in social interaction, analysis of how the

language works. happy without the guidance of a

teacher.

Neuro-linguistic programming

Modality (VAK)

Multiple Intelligence theory

V = VISUAL(LOOK & SEE)

A = AUDITORY(LISTEN & HEAR)

K = KINESTHETIC (FEEL INTERNAL, EXTERNAL,MOVEMENT)

O = OLFACTORY (SMELL)

G = GUSTATORY (TASTE)

Verbal/Linguistic

they can study language well

Strengths : speaking, writing, memorizing

Mathematical/Logical

they can think in logical way

Strengths : logic, easy to learn grammar

Visual/Spatial

think in picture and image

Strengths: drawing, visualization

Bodily/Kinesthetic

The ability to control body

Strengths : dancing, acting

Musical

think in rhythm, melody.

Strengths: singing, picking sound

Interpersonal

They can communicate well with another one

strengths : leading, organizing, sharing.

Intrapersonal

they understand about themselves

strengths : setting goal, introspection

Naturalistic

they like nature and think about nature

strengths: understanding nature, classify flora

We study modality

There are three modality

and the last

VISUAL learn through my eyes, yes!

Through my ears, AUDITORY

And the last KINESTHETIC, I study

through my body

Visual

auditorykinesthetic

Visual learners prefer to learn by SEEING

They have good visual recall and prefer

information to be presented visually,

Diagrams Graphs

Maps

PostersDisplays

in the form of

Auditory learners prefer to learn by LISTENING They have good auditory memory and benefit from

DISCUSSION

LECTURES

INTERVIEWING

HEARING

STORIES

AUDIO

TAPES

Kinesthetic learners prefer to learn by

DOING. They are good at recalling events

and associate feelings or physical

experiences with memory.

They enjoy :

physical activity

Field trips

Manipulating objects & other practical

first-hand experience

Difficult to keep still

Need regular breaks

Motivation is some kind of internal drive

which pushes someone to do things in order

to achieve something.

There are two kind of motivation,

Extrinsic motivation: is caused by any number

of outside factors, for example, the need to

pass the exam, the hope of financial reward,

or the possibility of future travel.

Intrinsic motivation: comes from within the

individual. Thus a person might be motivated

by the enjoyment of the learning process

itself or by a desire to make themselves feel

better.

As the candidate of

teacher, how can you

use this information

in your teaching

learning process

someday?

Let’s say

hamdalah

together