learning how we learn what we learn when we learn

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LEARNING How We Learn What We Learn When We Learn

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Page 1: LEARNING How We Learn What We Learn When We Learn

LEARNINGHow We LearnWhat We LearnWhen We Learn

Page 2: LEARNING How We Learn What We Learn When We Learn

Classical Conditioning - Learning through

association

Operant Conditioning-learning through

association & reinforcement

Cognitive/Social– Observational

Learning- Learning by observation

WE LEARN MANY WAYS…

Page 3: LEARNING How We Learn What We Learn When We Learn

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

Association is the key to learning.

Human beings are biologically programmed to respond in certain ways to certain things. Salivate when we eat food Jump if we hear a loud noise Jerk hand away if touch something hot

Natural reactions are unconditioned responses – we don’t have to learn them.

Page 4: LEARNING How We Learn What We Learn When We Learn

Pavlov & Classical Conditioning

Research on digestion led to development of 1st experimental model of learning: classical conditioning.

Research led to Watson’s application of classical conditioning to humans & emotional responses.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hhqumfpxuzI

Page 5: LEARNING How We Learn What We Learn When We Learn

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

Page 6: LEARNING How We Learn What We Learn When We Learn

Little Albert Experiment

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMnhyGozLyE

Study showed that emotional responses could be learned.

Phobias= likely conditioned responses

Page 7: LEARNING How We Learn What We Learn When We Learn

Applications of Classical Conditioning

AVERSIVE CONDITIONING

-Negative stimuli also conditions us.

Examples

-Taste aversion

UCS- flu & shrimp UCR – nauseous/vomit

CS- any shrimp CR - nauseous/vomit

Page 8: LEARNING How We Learn What We Learn When We Learn

Generalization & Discrimination

Generalization

-the act of responding the same way to similar stimuli

Ex. Associating the sound of a dentist’s drill with a fearful reaction….after many exposures, other non dental drills have same effect.

Discrimination

-act of responding differently to stimuli that are similar to each other.

Ex. One bad dog doesn’t spoil the bunch

Page 10: LEARNING How We Learn What We Learn When We Learn

Using Classical Conditioning

1. Treatment of Phobias

Counterconditioning

Systematic desensitization:

Flooding

2. Eliminating Bad Habits:

Aversion Therapy

-pairing problem with aversive stimulus

3. In Advertising

Page 11: LEARNING How We Learn What We Learn When We Learn

Treating Phobias

Counterconditioning

-present two CS at same time that elicit an incompatible response

Systematic Desensitization

-relaxation, hierarchy of feared stimuli presented over time

Flooding

- prolonged exposure to feared stimulus; not gradual

a phobia: an extreme or

irrational fear or aversion to

something

-estimated 5-12% of Americans have phobias (National Institutes of Mental Health)

Page 12: LEARNING How We Learn What We Learn When We Learn

Eliminating Bad Habits

Aversion Therapy

-pair the problem with an aversive stimulus

-association forms and attractiveness of problem behavior reduced

Page 13: LEARNING How We Learn What We Learn When We Learn

In AdvertisingPair product with stimuli that elicit positive emotions

Page 15: LEARNING How We Learn What We Learn When We Learn

Can you identify…

Sally goes to the doctor with Mom. Sometimes the doctor gives her a shot. After this happens several times, she began to feel uncomfortable at the sight of anyone in a white lab coat.

Unconditioned stimulus: Unconditioned response:

Conditioned stimulus: Conditioned response:

Page 16: LEARNING How We Learn What We Learn When We Learn

My example

UCS: Go for run UCR: Happy

CS: Sneakers CR: Happy

Louis and Kubota love to go on runs with me. We go running many times a week. As soon as I am dressed in running clothes & sneakers, they whine, run around, and follow me room to room until we go.

Page 17: LEARNING How We Learn What We Learn When We Learn

APPLICATIONS

Create an original example of classical conditioning. Illustrate & label your example (UCS, UCR, CS, CR)

Brainstorm/create an example where you might use the principles of classical conditioning in your life.