learning and experience
TRANSCRIPT
Learning & ExperienceLearning & Experience
J A A J A A RumeserRumeser
HR EXPO III – Nov 2008
Prepared by Yohannes Ramiano
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What is Learning ?
…a sense that an individual is not merely a property nature, set in place according to a scheme independent of him… but that he add something, that he makes contribution.
(John Dewey,1938,1958)
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What is Learning ?
Human being are unique among all living organism
in that their primary adaptive specialization lies not
in some particular physical form or skill or fits in
ecological niche, but rather in identification with the
process of adaptation itself-in the process of
learning. (Kolb, 1984)
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What is Learning ?
Learning is any permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice
(Ciccareli & Meyer, 2006)
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What is Learning ?
Learning is any relatively durable change in behavior or knowledge that is due to experience
(Weiten, 2008)
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What is Learning ?
Leaning is generally define as all relatively permanent changes in potential for behaviors that result from experience but are not caused by fatigue, maturation, drugs, injury or disease (Lefranqois, 2006)
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What is Learning ?
Learning is a social process based on carefully cultivated experience which challenges every precept and concept of what nowadays passes for “teaching” (Bennis, 1984)
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The future learning society represents a personal challenge for millions of adults who find learning is no longer ‘for kids” but a central lifelong task essential for personal development and career success (Kolb, 1984)
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What is Learning ?
Memory is an active system that receives information from the senses, organizes and alters it as it stores it away, and then retrieves the information from storage (Ciccarelli & Meyer, 2006)
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Memory
encodingencoding storagestorage retrievalretrieval
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3 Phase Memory Process
Sensory
Memoryselective
attention
Short
Term
Memory
encoding
retrieval
Long
Term
Memory
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Short Term Memory
Maintenance rehearsal, practice of saying some information to be remembered over an over in one’s head in order to maintain it in short term memory (Ciccarelli & Meyer, 2006)
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The magical number : 7 plus-minus 2
(Welten, 2008)
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Long Term Memory
Elaborative rehearsal, a method of transferring information from STM into LTM by making that information meaningful in someway (Ciccarelli & Meyer, 2008)
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Kolb’s Learning Style Concrete
Experience [1]
Observation and Reflection [2]
Forming AbstractConcept [3]
Testing in New Situation [3]
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Concrete Concrete
ExperienceExperienceFeeling
Diverging(feel and watch)
CE/RO
Reflective Observation
Watching
AbstractConceptualization
Thinking
Active Experimentation
Doing
Assimilating(think and watch)
AC/RO
Converging(think and do)
AC/AE
Accommodating(feel and do)
AC/AE
ProcessingHow we
Perception
ContinuumHow
we
think
about
things
ContinuumDo things
KolbKolb’’s s
Learning Learning
StyleStyle
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� strong in imaginative
ability
� good at generating ideas
and seeing things from
different perspectives
� interested in people
� broad cultural interest
Concrete Experience +
Reflective ObservationDiverger
� strong in practical
application of ideas
� can focus on hypo-
deductive reasoning on
specific problems
� Unemotional
� has narrow interest
Abstract
Conceptualization +
Active Experimentation
Converger
DescriptionLearning Characteristic
Learning Style
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DescriptionLearning Characteristic
Learning Style
� greatest strength is doing
things
� more of risk taker
� performs well when
required to react to
immediate circumstances
� solves problems intuitively
Concrete Experience +
Active ExperimentationAccommodator
� strong ability to create
� theoretical models
� excels in inductive
reasoning
� concerned with abstract
concepts rather than people
Abstract
Conceptualization +
Reflective Observation
Assimilator
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Thank U ☺☺☺☺