learning 2.0: social software for social learning

11 December 2009 Web 2.0 @ CEDEP 1

Learning 2.0: Social softwarefor social learning

Thierry Nabeth – Senior research Fellow - INSEAD

Learning 2.0

LMS

Wiki

Digital natives

Social networks

Talent managementCloud

computing

Open source

Podcasts

ePhone

eBook

Virtual worlds

Knowledge management

Usages

Entreprises


Objective

• State of the situation (state, success / failures, needs)

• Present the new approaches (Learning 2.0, etc.), leads and trends

• Pertinence & relevance of the new approaches?


Interactive

Expose / Debate / & Echange


Neutrality

• A neutral point of View: (The Wikipedia way. Avoid a discourse of ‘propaganda’)

• The desire understand and to identify new trends: Inform, educate and reflect together


The situation


E-Learning: The paradox

The E-Learning

Revolution?On the shelf learning components

Automate so as to reduce cost

Computers used as a delivering tool

People to be trained

Results are bellow the expectations

The industrialisation of training


E-Learning: + / -

• A tool that has proved useful in some situations

• We have acquired a real experience

• …

• The promised revolution did not happen

• Some elusive benefits

• …


E-Learning: The return

The new révolution?

Training workforce in more needed than ever

Contraints of cost and flexibility (crisis)

New technologies and new usages

Educated users A good mix

Hope of a takeoff?


E-Learning 2.0: Hope or mirage?

• A radically new approach

• New tools have proved their value in other sectors

• …

• Nothing really New. Only buzz!

• What about issues such as participation?

• …


The new approaches


The new concepts

• Revisiting the concept of learning Cognition (motivation, memory), importance of

the social dimension

• Learning 2.0. The new tools Web 2.0., cloud computing, etc.

• Learning 2.0. The new usages Supporting the social process, mobility,

evaluation, self-services, relationship with KM & HRM, Talent & competence management?


Types of knowledge

• Conceptual knowledge (theories & models) Abstract, explicit, well articulated

• Procedural knowledge (knowhow) Concrete, implicit,

• Situational knowledge (experience) Concrete, explicit, not well articulated

• Strategic knowledge (meta-cognitive, know how to be) Abstract, implicit

• Reference. De Jong & Hessler (1996)


Types of memory,location in the brain

• Declarative memory Semantic memory Episodic memory

• Procedural memory (skills and procedures)

• …

Location: Still a subject of research


Modes of learning

Thierry Nabeth (1998); Virtual Learning Spaces: Expériences avec environnements de réalité virtuelle multi-utilisateurs accessibles via Internet dans l’enseignement; 6eme Forum des innovations pédagogiques

Learning byAbsorbing

Learningby Doing

Learning by Interactingwith others

Theory (knowledge elicitation)

Experimenting & practicing

Simulation

Knowledge ExchangeNetwork Communities

Lectures, readings

Business Cases

Multiplayer Simulation

Virtual classroom

Share experiences


Importance of the social dimension of learning

• Provide a communication channel for the acquisition of knowledge (sharing of experiences)

• Help the individual to determine the pertinence of knowledge .

• Help us to provide (build) meaning

• Positions the individual as an actor (who participate).

• Contribute to motivate the individual

Reference social learning: (Seely Brown & Adler 2008).


Supporting the social dimension of learning

• Provide communication mechanisms forum, peer-to-peer communication

• Provide the means to facilitate trust building feedback mechanisms, reputation mechanisms

• Provide mechanisms helping to define online identity Online identity (self-declared, observed, defined by others)

• Stimulate participation By making the social activity visible and the impact of people action

(self-efficacy of Albert Bandura)


Learning 2.0 != E-Learning

Learning 2.0

• Is concerned by the other learning modes

• Is particular interested in social learning (Seely Brown & Adler 2008)


Traditional trainingversus new training

Traditional approaches*

Is mainly based by teaching conceptual knowledge using the mode of absorption

* Include the E-learning 1.0

New training approaches

Try to address the acquisition of other categories of knowledge using the other learning modes.


Traditional learningvesus new learning

Traditional approaches *

Centred on the organisation.

Disconnected from the other components of the organisation

Offline or (xor) online.

* Include the E-learning 1.0

New training approaches

Centred on the individuals (actors of their learning).

Connected and integrated in the other processes of the organisation (KM, HRM)

Blended online / offline (best of the two worlds)


What is the Learning 2.0

Learning 2.0 is the application to education of the principles & technologies which have

appeared with the Web 2.0 (also referred to as the social web)

Beware!: Learning 2.0 is not only about tools, but also about processes and a vision!


Learning 2.0

Social

Strong social dimension

Participative

Engage the individual

Rich

Take a variety of forms


Some learning 2.0 tools

• Online social networks (Facebook)

• Le microblogging (Twitter)

• Podcasts, videocasts (rich & social media )

• Wikis

• Blogs

• Virtual worlds

• Serious games• Etc.


Illustration 1: social Plateform

Virtual Community 2.0: Social networks (online identity) + collaborative spaces

Applications:• Blended learning: Used to complement off line education and make it more effective. It is used both as a coordinating tool, to make available educational content (but not to ‘deliver’ it), as a knowledge exchange tool, but also as a way to familiarise the participants the ones with another and to motivate them.

• Support learning network: Used to support groups of students, alumni or professionals, so as to maintain social cohesion, create a network of contacts and of knowledge sharing.• Examples: Ning, InnoTube, (Moodle), …


Illustration 1: InnoTube

Visualisation of social activity in InnoTube

Collaboration around videos.Feedback mechanisms.


Illustration 1: InnoTube

Innotube: InnoTube is a web social platform created in flash (flex) aimed at supporting and at stimulating knowledge exchange in distributed groups and communities. It is for instance used by FIAT so as to stimulate the design of new cars. (http://www.calt.insead.edu/?InnoTube )

Key caracteristics:• A strong focus on connecting people one to another, and with resources (3 types) associated to inovation.• A strong focus on videos for representing and stimulating sharing and production of innovation related resources• A strong focus in supporting navigation via the visualisation of social networks.


Illustration 2: Twitter

• Microblogging as been used as a means to evaluate professors (Stieger & Burger 2009). Twitter was used as a tool for collecting the evaluations provided by the students, contributing to reduce the effort of collecting the answers or the questionnaire.

• Other usage to explore: Provides a means for the professor to interact with the students and get feedbacks by implementing the ‘clicker’ mechanism (Martyn 2007). This allow professors to adjust their course in real time, but also to better engage the students (‘active learning’).


Illustration 3: Virtual worlds (Second Life)

Streaming of vidéos

http://vantan.org/insead/2008/10/insead-in-second-life-capacity.php


Illustration 3: Virtual worlds (Second Life) (2)

Speakers are aware of their audience


Illustration 3: Les mondes virtuels (Second Life) (3)

Association of different media: video, audio, slides


Illustration 4: Podcasts

• Distribute audio & video content using syndication (Lee, Miller, Newnham 2009) allowing improve mobility of the learners and a better control of their time.

• The recording of course, and the possibility to replay obscures points has proved to be effective (Clark, Westcott & Taylor 2007).


Illustration 5: Wiki & Wikipedia?

Usages (suggestions):

• Content Wiki: Provide professors the means to easily distribute content to students and to update this content. (Wikipedia represents a source of useful but ‘unreliable’ content)

• Coordination Wiki. Wiki (such as Wikipedia) can provide an experimental space (playground) that can be used to help the development of social skills such as collaboration and coordination.


Illustration 6: Blogs

Examples of use:

• Course blog : A group of professors can use a course blog so as to distribute to students educational materials, and to interact with students between the courses.

• Student’s blogs. Each student creates a blog. Professors assign to each student the writing of an essay (the subjects are different). Students post their essays in their blog.

Note: Professors aggregate using RSS streams these blogs, allowing them to monitor the advancing of the work. The publication date guaranty that the essays have been delivered in time.


Course blog of Web Trend

A blog was created to support the MBA Elective “Web Trends & Strategies” May-June 2008

Url: http://www.calt.insead.edu/webtrends/


Web Trend 2009: avec Ning

In 2009, the programme Web Trends is now delivered to executives (CEDEP), but this time a Ning community has been used to interact with the students. A Learning 2.0 platform has also be put in place.http://cedeponline.ning.com/events/interorganizational-learningMaybe a sign of decline of the use of blogs?


Other tools

• Serious (collaborative) games

• Conversational agents

• Mobile devices (smartphone, eBook?, etc.)

• etc.


Pertinence of the new approaches


Current situation

A progressive adoption

• Web 2.0 tools (more particularly online social networks, micro-blogging, video sharing) are increasingly used.

Some tools (ning, groups in online social networks) can easily be put in place to support to support traditional offline programmes (cloud computing)

• New innovative practices can be observed: podcasts, Twitter, for enhancing some usages

• Mechanisms & principles of Learning 2.0 are progressively integrated in E-Learning products.

Social dimension, tagging, etc.

• New usages can appears anytime (and also disappear quickly).


Limits

An number of remaining issues :

• A domain still immature, generating a lot of buzz. (How to sort out the useful from the futile? When the futile becomes useful - Twitter)• How to operate these platforms; how to motivate the participants?• How to evaluate and justify the more informal learning modes?• How learning should be supervised (what level of guidance; self-discipline)• What about the capability for organisation to integrate these new approaches in their practices. (cultural transformation)


References


Some references

• Learning, cognition De Jong, T. and Hessler, M.G.M. (1996) Types and qualities of knowledge. Educational

psychologist, 31 . pp. 105-113. ISSN 00461520 http://doc.utwente.nl/26717/ CERI-OECD (2007). Understanding the Brain: The Birth of a Learning Science". OECD

Publishing, 2007 http://www.oecd.org/edu/brain Ariely, Dan; Wertenbroch, Klaus (2002). Procrastination, Deadlines, and Performance: Self-

Control by Precommitment. Psychological Science 13 (3): 219-224 http://web.mit.edu/ariely/www/MIT/Papers/deadlines.pdf

• Social Learning Light Richard J. (2001). Making the most of college: students speak their minds. Harvard

University Press• E-learning

Paulsen, M.F. (2009). Resting in e-learning peace. Int. J. Networking and Virtual Organisations 6 (5): 460–475. http://home.nki.no/morten/index.php/english-menu/5-english/58-resting-in-e-learning-peace.html

Romiszowski, Alexander (2004). How’s the E-learning Baby? Factors Leading to Success or Failure of an Educational Technology Innovation. Educational Technology 44(1):5-27, January-February. http://asianvu.com/digital-library/elearning/elearning_failure_study-romiszowsky.pdf

Zemsky Robert and William F. Massy (2004).Thwarted Innovation. Why did the boom in e-learning go bust?. A Study from the University of Pennsylvania, June 2004. http://www.thelearningalliance.info/WeatherStation.html


Some references

• Learning 2.0 (vision) Seely Brown, John; Adler, Richard P. (2008). Minds on Fire: Open Education, the Long Tail,

and Learning 2.0. EDUCAUSE Review. 43(1):16–32 (January/February 2008):. http://www.educause.edu/library/erm0811

• Learning 2.0: Usages Clark S, Westcott M and Taylor L (2007). Using short podcasts to reinforce lectures. The

University of Sydney Symposium, 28th September 2007 http://science.uniserve.edu.au/pubs/procs/2007/08.pdf

Lee, M. J. W., C. Miller, and L. Newnham (2009). Podcasting syndication services and university students: Why don't they subscribe? The Internet and Higher Education 12 (1), 53-59

Martyn, Margie (2007). Clickers in the Classroom: An Active Learning Approach. EDUCAUSE Quarterly (EQ) 30 (2) http://www.educause.edu/EDUCAUSE+Quarterly/EDUCAUSEQuarterlyMagazineVolum/ClickersintheClassroomAnActive/157458

Redecker Christine (2009). Review of Learning 2.0 Practices: Study on the Impact of Web 2.0 Innovations on Education and Training in Europe. JRC Scientific and technical report. EUR 23664 EN – 2009 url: http://ipts.jrc.ec.europa.eu/publications/pub.cfm?id=2059

Stieger, Stefan & Burger, Christoph (2009). Let's go formative: Continuous student ratings with web 2.0 application twitter. CyberPsychology & Behavior 12 (0)


Some references

•Digital native OECD (2008). New Millennium Learners. Initial findings on the

effects of digital technologies on school-age learners. In OECD/CERI International Conference “Learning in the 21st Century: Research, Innovation and Policy”, 15-16 May 2008 Paris http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/39/51/40554230.pdf

Tapscott, Don (2008). Grown Up Digital: How the Net Generation is Changing the World. McGraw-Hill

• Cloud computing Educause (2009). 7 Things You Should Know About Cloud

Computing Educause, 3 August 2009. http://www.educause.edu/Resources/7ThingsYouShouldKnowAboutCloud/176856

• etc.


Merci

Thierry Nabeth: Senior Research Fellow, [email protected]

http://www.calt.insead.edu/?thierry.nabeth

INSEAD: http://www.insead.edu/


Annexes


Learning 2.0. The future

Identify trends

Decide when to adopt

Filter the

Buzzzz…… but also use it

Managing change


Trends (2008)

• The social dimension: an important trend. Increasingly recognised as a key factor of the motivation of the learners.

• Social networks: pervasive Probably increasingly integrated in existing systems

• Rich and social media: they have to be there Present everywhere. They are expected to be present be the learners

• Serious (collaborative) games: slow but stable growth They continue to occupy a niche, but they gain in credibility. Increasingly used in

behavioural transformation (teaching ‘soft skills’).• The management of competences enters in the picture

Training is becoming more global and better integrated in other company processes.

• Virtual worlds: still a potential From conference spaces to real applications (simulations)

• Conversational agents : a niche market?• etc.


Trends (2009)

• ?• Social platforms• Online Social networking• Wiki• Blogs• Podcasts• Microblogging Twitter• Virtual worlds• Conversational agents• Serious games• Mobile learning• Cognition (understanding the brain)• Integration• eBook? Smartphone?• Etc.

learning 2.0: social software for social learning

Education

seely brown

online social

social networks

online identity

cloud computing

feedback mechanisms

social dimension

conversational