LeadershipThe everyone’s business

1. Lussie, Robert N., Christopher F. Achuan.2010. Leadership: Theory, Application and Skill Development. 4ed. South – Western Cengage Learning.

2. Hughes, Richard L., Robert C. Ginnett, Gordon J. Curphy, Leadership: Enhancing the Lessons of Experience. 6th ed. McGraw-Hill.

Session #1

Students should be able to describe the leadership

1. Definition of Leadership

2. Manager – Leader

3. Analysis Level of Leadership

4. Leadership Theory Paradigm

Lets Having Fun

Games

Sebuah perahu tenggelam. Ada 10 penumpang yang sekarang berusaha menyelematkan diri. Empat orang orang sudah berada di perahu sekoci. 6 orang masih mengapung di air.

Ada waktu 10 menit untuk orang-orang yang di perahu untuk menyelamatkan yang lainnya. Adapaun hambatan yang dihadapai adalah sbb:

1. Waktu 10 menit

2. Penolong hanya bisa membawa satu orang sekali jalan

3. Perahu sekoci hanya muat 8 orang

4. Di perahu ada seorang dokter ahli bedah jantung yang sangat terkenal, seorang ibu hamil, seorang kakek yang sangat kaya, dua orang tua salah satu yang selamat, dan satu orang mahasiswa

Choose Your Leaders

What is leadership?

Leadership

• The process by which an agent induces a subordinate to behave in a desired manner

• Directing and coordinating the work of group members

• An interpersonal relation in which others comply because they want to, not because the have to

• The process of influencing an organized group toward accomplishing its goals

• Action that focus resources to create desirable opportunities

• The leader’s job is to create conditions for the team to be effective

• The ends of leadership involve getting results through others, and the means of leadership involve the ability to build cohesive, goal-oriented teams. Good leaders are those who build teams to get results across a variety of situations

• Leadership represents a complex form of social problem solving

Leadership is Both a Science and an Art

Leadership is Both Rational and Emotional

Leadership and Management

Leadership and Followership

Key Elements of Leadership

Influence

PeopleChange

Leaders–Followers Organizational ObjectivesLeadership

Leadership Managerial Roles

Managers Leaders

Administer Innovate

Maintain Develop

Control Inspire

Short-term View Long-term View

How and When? What and Why?

Imitate Originate

Accept the status quo Challenge

Discussion Question #2

Are you interested in sharing leadership, or do you prefer to be a follower?

Functions Performed by Managers

• Planning• Organizing• Leading• Thus, leadership is a part of every manager’s job• Controlling

All managers perform four major functions:

Are All Leaders Managers?

• Manager = formal title and authority

• Leader = person (manager or non-manager) with influence

• Follower = person influenced by a leader

• Is the process of a leader communicating ideas, gaining acceptance of them, and motivating followers to support and implement the ideas through change

• It is the essence of leadership

• Managers may influence through coercion

• Leaders influence by gaining followers’ commitment and enthusiasm

Influence

1. Figurehead2. Leader3. Liaison

4. Monitor5. Disseminator6. Spokesperson

7. Entrepreneur8. Disturbance-handler9. Resource-allocator10. Negotiator

Leadership Managerial Roles

Interpersonal

Informational

Decisional

Levels of Analysis of Leadership Theory

Levels of Analysis of Leadership Theory

Individual

Group

Organizational

Levels

Of

Leadership

Analysis

• Focuses on the individual leader and the relationship with individual followers

• Called the “dyadic process”

• Reciprocal influence

Individual Level

Group Level

• Focuses on the relationship between the individual leader and the collective group of followers

• Called the “group process”

• How the leader contributes to group effectiveness

• An important part is meetings

Organizational Level

• Focuses on how top management influences organizational performance

• Called the “organizational process”

• Deals with organizational adaptability and transformation

Interrelationships among the Levels of Analysis

• Group and organizational performance are based on individual performance– If individual performance is low, then group and

organizational performance will be low as well

• Organizational performance is also based on group performance– If groups are not effective, organizational

performance will be low

• Both group and organizational performance also affect the performance of the individual– If both the group members and the group are

highly motivated and productive, chances are the individual will be productive as well

Leadership Theory Paradigm

Leadership Theories

• Are explanations of some aspects of leadership

• Have practical value because they are used to better understand, predict, and control successful leadership

Leadership Paradigm

• Is a shared mindset that represents a fundamental way of thinking about, perceiving, studying, researching, and understanding leadership

• Has changed over the last 60 years during which it has been studied

Behavioral Integrative

Trait Contingency

The four leadership theory classifications include:

Leadership Theory Classifications

• Attempt to explain distinctive characteristics accounting for leadership effectiveness to identify a set of physical and psychological traits that all successful leaders possess

Leadership Trait Theories

High energy level

Appearance

Aggressiveness

Persuasiveness

Dominance

Self-reliance

• Attempt to explain distinctive styles used by effective leaders, or to define the nature of their work

• What the leader actually does on the job (behavior)

Behavioral Leadership Theories

• Attempt to explain the appropriate leadership style based on the leader, followers, and situation

• Are called “universal theories”

• Try to predict which traits and/or behaviors will result in leadership success given the situational variables

Contingency Leadership Theories

• Attempt to combine the trait, behavioral, and contingency theories to explain successful, influencing leader–follower relationships

Integrative Leadership Theories

Discussion Question

Some people say the hard skills (finance, quantitative analysis) are more important for managers than soft skills (developing relationships, leadership), and some say the opposite is true. What do you think?

Requirement for Leadership Skills

Managerial/leadership

technical

core

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