• But half of the world's extracted oil is transported by sea in super tankers.

• Oil is a actually natural component of the marine ecosystem

• But increased use of oil as a: fuel source and industrial raw material

• Submarine hydrocarbon seeps continually release oil into the marine environment (approx. 250,000 tonnes a year)

Oil Pollution

• Increased extraction from marine areas• Increased transport of oil by a marine route

• More instances of human error & “cut corners”• Warfare in oil producing areas

Causes increased oil pollution

Impact of oil on organisms

• Marine turtles–Disturbance to

nesting habitat

• Special habitats–coral reefs

– tidal flats

–mangrove forests

Impact of oil on organisms• Birds and furred

mammals– Loss of insulating

properties– Ingestion of toxic

substances (esp. when grooming)

– Inhalation of toxic volatile hydrocarbons

• Marine mammals– Skin irritation– Clogging of baleen

plates [Geraci (1990)]

Impact of oil on organisms

• Direct physical contact

• Inhalation or ingestion of toxic components

• Loss of food resources

The largest “oil spill”

• 1991 - Gulf War:

9,000,000 barrels (378,000,000 gallons)

• 1979 - Bay of Campeche, Ciudad del Carmen, Mexico:

140,000,000 gallons

At Sea Oil Pollution & At Sea Oil Pollution & SpillsSpills

Forests affected by Acid RainNortheast USCanadaNorthern EuropeAsia

• Nearly 43% of oil discharged into the marine environment enters the oceans via urban storm drainage systems & industrial discharges

• In particular major sources of oil pollution are:-oil spills and leaks during car maintenance & -illegal discharge/dumping of waste oil

• Tanker accidents account for less than 7% of the oil discharged into the oceans

Marine Oil Pollution• Although the major source of marine oil pollution might appear to be accidental oil spills, particularly large events such as the Exxon Valdez

Air Pollution Damage to Trees

Reduce vehicle emissions:

Drive less

Keep cars well maintained and tires properly inflated

Turn off the engine when your vehicle is not in motion

Purchase low-emitting and fuel efficient vehicles

Share a ride, take public transportation bike, or walk

Cut your grass after 6 p.m.

Refuel your car after 6 p.m.

Combine errands into one trip

What Can You Do?

Fine particles come from a variety of sources:• diesel trucks and buses• construction equipment• power plants • woodstoves• wildfires

Where does Pm come from?

Also, Chemical reactions in the atmosphere can transform gases into fine particles.

Nuclear terrorism threat• Another actual

question of the NPP’s safety is nuclear terrorism.

• The NPP could be captured by terrorists and used like a nuclear weapon.

It was commonly to think that nuclear energy is absolutely safe until some serious incidents occurred on nuclear power plants of the USA(Three Mile Island), Japan(Kashiwaszki-Kariwa) and the most dangerous incident in the former USSR (Chernobyl). The last of them had very serious consequences. All these events changed the opinion of people about the safety of nuclear energy. However the danger of nuclear energy was not only in the nuclear accidents.

Let’s see the full list of dangers connected with nuclear power plants:

The treat of nuclear accidents

• The most actual question appealed to NPP is the question of nuclear accidents. Thought the chances of such accident is very small the danger it carries is very serious.

• What exactly is Light Pollution?

Light Pollution is the spillage of unwanted light , due to glare, light trespass and unused lighting into the sky.

• Light Glare Glare is the unused light that shines out and up.

• What are the problems? Bad Street Lighting Cobra Head Drop Down Designs Globe lights – Light does not point down and light a path, it shoots

out and up Spot Lights- light up ward and out, not down

• Who and What does bad lighting effect? Our Sleeping Patterns & Health

Sea Turtles

Birds• What are some of the Solutions? Streetlights: Full Cut Off Luminaries These lights are hooded and have a fully cut off lens

Parking lots: Box lights These are fully cut off, and point the light down• Light Glare Glare is the unused light that shines out and up.