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Late Nineteenth Century Imperialism 1870-1914

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Late Nineteenth Century Imperialism. 1870-1914. Objective. To understand the causes of European imperialism of the late 19 th century To understand the extent of European imperial expansion To understand the consequences of European imperialism for Europe and the developing world. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Late Nineteenth Century Imperialism

Late Nineteenth Century Imperialism

1870-1914

Page 2: Late Nineteenth Century Imperialism

Objective

To understand the causes of European imperialism of the late 19th century

To understand the extent of European imperial expansion

To understand the consequences of European imperialism for Europe and the developing world

Page 3: Late Nineteenth Century Imperialism

Definitions

Imperialism“extending a nation’s influence directly or indirectly over weaker areas”

Page 4: Late Nineteenth Century Imperialism

Definitions

ColonialismTaking direct control of an area and turning it into a colony under a nation’s authority

Page 5: Late Nineteenth Century Imperialism

Definitions

NationalismBelief that an ethnic group should rule itself

Belief that one nation is better than all the others

Page 6: Late Nineteenth Century Imperialism

Causes of Late 19th Century European Imperialism

Economic

Page 7: Late Nineteenth Century Imperialism

Causes of Late 19th Century European Imperialism

Economic

Page 8: Late Nineteenth Century Imperialism

Causes of Late 19th Century European Imperialism

Three C’s of Imperialism

Christianity

Civilization

Commerce

Page 9: Late Nineteenth Century Imperialism

Causes of Late 19th Century European Imperialism

PoliticalMaintain the balance of power

• To control strategic areas like sea lanes, access to markets

Status symbols• Germany takes colonies to be like other European powers

Cultural and Religious Belief in cultural or racial “superiority”

Desire to spread Christianity to “heathens”

To spread “civilization”

Page 10: Late Nineteenth Century Imperialism

Britain

Largest colonial empire“Sun never sets on the British Empire”

Page 11: Late Nineteenth Century Imperialism

Britain

Largest colonial empire“Sun never sets on the British Empire”Colonies established to protect trading interests in Africa and AsiaTwo kinds of colonies

• “White” Colonies (Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa) given self-rule

• “Non-white” Colonies (India, Africa) under direct rule

Page 12: Late Nineteenth Century Imperialism

France

Page 13: Late Nineteenth Century Imperialism

France

Acquired Algeria in 1830

Took over Indochina (Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia) by the 1880s

Expanded into Western Africa in the 1880s

Took colonies to make up for loss of Alsace-Lorraine in 1870

Page 14: Late Nineteenth Century Imperialism

Germany

Page 15: Late Nineteenth Century Imperialism

Germany

Bismarck originally opposed colonial expansion

Unnecessary for Germany

Did not want to threaten France or Britain

Germany took colonies in 1880s for status symbols

In Africa and Asia

Page 16: Late Nineteenth Century Imperialism

United States

Page 17: Late Nineteenth Century Imperialism

United States

Did not get involved in European affairs

Became colonial power after 1898Spanish-American War

• U.S. gains control of Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines

Monroe Doctrine allows US to extend influence into Latin America

Page 18: Late Nineteenth Century Imperialism

Scramble for Africa

Europe had been interested in Africa for centuries

Through the slave trade

Page 19: Late Nineteenth Century Imperialism

Scramble for Africa

Europe had been interested in Africa for centuries

Through the slave trade

Much of Africa still unexplored until 1880sEuropean influence restricted to coastline

Technology allows Europeans to explore African interior

Steamboats, Suez Canal, advances in medicine

Page 20: Late Nineteenth Century Imperialism

Scramble for AfricaBy 1914, 90% of Africa under European control

Berlin Conference in 1885 sets ground rules for European colonization of Africa

Page 21: Late Nineteenth Century Imperialism

Scramble for Africa

Page 22: Late Nineteenth Century Imperialism

Scramble for Africa

Consequences Traditional way of life disrupted

Economic exploitation of Africans

European racism imported into Africa

Spread of European culture

Spread of Western technology

Page 23: Late Nineteenth Century Imperialism

European Imperialism in Asia

Page 24: Late Nineteenth Century Imperialism

European Imperialism in Asia

IndiaBritain trading in India since 1600s

• British East India Co. gradually took over parts of India

British government gradually took over India in the 1800s

• Sepoy Mutiny Indian soldiers revolt against British East India Co. and

were put down by British army

Page 25: Late Nineteenth Century Imperialism

European Imperialism in Asia

Consequences of British Imperialism in India

British educational system established

Spread of English language

Railroads tie India together

Rise of Indian middle class

Page 26: Late Nineteenth Century Imperialism

European Imperialism in Asia

China

Page 27: Late Nineteenth Century Imperialism

European Imperialism in Asia

ChinaPotentially huge marketClosed to European trade until 1800sOpium War (1840)

• Britain forces China to open trade to opium

By 1900, China divided into European “spheres of influence”

• Parts of China under European control

Chinese monarchy seriously weakened

Page 28: Late Nineteenth Century Imperialism

Reaction to Imperialism

Rise of Nationalist Movements

Page 29: Late Nineteenth Century Imperialism

Reaction to Imperialism

Rise of Nationalist MovementsIndia

• Indian National Congress (1885)

• Group of middle class Indians begin to demand independence (Mohandas Gandhi)

China• Boxer Rebellion (1900)

• Nationalist Party

Page 30: Late Nineteenth Century Imperialism

Conclusion

Different reasons for European imperialism during late nineteenth century

European imperialism causes reactions in Africa and Asia

European imperialism disrupts traditional way of life and continues to affect the world today


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