Language Arts

Monday, March 10, 2014

Reminders

• Grammar Test #2 – corrections due by Tuesday• Week #24 vocab quiz Thursday• Punctuation quiz Thursday (4th quarter grade)

Opening

Review• What is a sentence fragment?– A part of a sentence written as a complete

sentence.

Opening

Review• What is a run-on sentence?– Two or more sentences written as one.

Opening

Review• What is a comma splice?– Joining two sentences with only a comma.

Opening

Review• Three ways to fix a run-on sentence:– Make it into separate sentences.– Add a comma and a coordinating conjunction.– Add a semicolon.

Opening

ReviewThree primary uses of a semicolon:1. To join independent clauses that are not joined

by a conjunction.2. To separate complete sentences (independent

clauses) that are joined by a conjunctive adverb (transitional word).

3. To separate items in a list when commas alone would be confusing.

Work Time

• WriteSource pg. 504 & 505– Pg. 504 #2-6: correct the run-ons• Ex. (#1) land, and

– Pg. 505: #1-4: rewrite and eliminate the redundancy.

• Complete the Semicolon practice sheet (last page of the notes packet)

Work Time• WriteSource p. 5042. Many cargo and passenger ships visit Gibraltar’s harbor, for the safe harbor and mild climate make it a great place to stop for repairs.3. Storks spend winters in Africa and summers in Europe, so they

migrate over Gibraltar.4. This limestone mountain was legendary to Ancient Greeks, and

they called it one of the Pillars of Hercules.5. In ancient times, the African Moors occupied Gibraltar, but it has

also been controlled by Spain and England.6. People use the Rock of Gibraltar as a symbol of strength, so they

say something strong is “as solid as the Rock Gibraltar”

Work TimeWriteSource p. 5051. The water in Loch Ness is very deep. It stays about 42 degrees

Farenheit (6 degrees Celsius), so it never freezes.2. When numerous sightings of a monster were reported, scientists

searched the lake with sonar equipment in the 1960s. This made people even more curious about the Loch Ness monster.

3. In 1972, when an underwater camera took pictures in Loch Ness, scientists studied the evidence of a monster and said the creature might be a sea cow.

4. After the monster legend began around the year 565 C.E., people began fearing attacks by the monster, and children were not allowed to play by the lake.

Work Time

1. I want to wear the red shirt my favorite color is red.

2. Janie easily got an A on the test she studies very hard.

3. I hope I get a lot of presents today is my birthday.

4. The war is imminent the armies are ready.

Work Time

1. I want to wear the red shirt; my favorite color is red.

2. Janie easily got an A on the test; she studies very hard.

3. I hope I get a lot of presents; today is my birthday.

4. The war is imminent; the armies are ready.

Work Time

1. I am really tired I cannot get to sleep.2. I am wearing a sweater and a jacket I am

cold.3. Our mission seemed impossible we

tried our best to accomplish it.

Work Time

1. I am really tired; however, I cannot get to sleep. (nevertheless, still)

2. I am wearing a sweater and a jacket; nevertheless, I am cold. (however, still)

3. Our mission seemed impossible; still, we tried our best to accomplish it. (nevertheless, however, indeed)

Work Time

1. The store will be closed on the following days: Thursday, Dec. 24th Friday, Dec. 25th Saturday, Dec. 26th and Sunday, Dec. 27th.

2. The company hired three new employees: Robert, who was 42 years old Juan who was 28 years old and Dana, who was 24 years old.

Work Time

1. The store will be closed on the following days: Thursday, Dec. 24th; Friday, Dec. 25th Saturday, Dec. 26th; and Sunday, Dec. 27th.

2. The company hired three new employees: Robert, who was 42 years old; Juan who was 28 years old; and Dana, who was 24 years old.

Closing

• Why is it important to know what a run on sentence is and how to fix it?

• What are the three different ways to fix a run-on sentence?

Opening

ColonsRule One: use a colon to set off words in a list.• A colon must follow an independent clause and

may not come between a subject and its verb.• Ex. An escapee carried few items: a knife, a flint,

and a warm cloak.• Ex. Please give these positive perks to the

following students: Bertha, Bartholomew, and Bob.

Opening

ColonsRule Two: use a colon between hours and

minutes in time. • Ex. Our school day starts at 7:35 AM and 2:30

PM.

Opening

ColonsRule Three: use a colon after the salutation in a

business letter.• Ex. Dear Mr. Smith:• Ex. To Whom It May Concern:

Opening

ColonsRule Four: use a colon to set off an important

idea.• Ex. Directions: Underline the independent

clause once and the dependent clause twice.

Opening

HyphensRule One: use a hyphen to divide a word when you

run out of room at the end of a line.• A word may be divided ONLY between syllables.• A single syllable word cannot be divided.• Ex. Hades was plotting the destruction of Zeus,

his brother, when he was inter-rupted by Pain and Panic.

Opening

HyphensRule Two: use a hyphen to form compound

words, including numbers from twenty-one to ninety-nine, and spelled-out fractions.

• Ex. Thirty-eight, two-thirds, time-out

Opening

HyphensRule Three: use hyphens to create new words

beginning with the prefixes self, ex, all, and great.• A hyphen is also used with suffixes such as elect,

like, and free. • Ex. Bertha, his ex-girlfriend, is now a successful

actress in Hollywood. • Ex. Self-destructive, germ-free, great-grandmother

Opening

HyphensRule Four: use a hyphen to join linked words

together, especially if they are being used together as an adjective.

• Ex. Coffee-breath Mrs. Smitten couldn’t figure out why none of the failing students accepted her help when she walked around the room during work time.

Opening

DashesRule One: use a dash (--) to show a sudden

break in the sentence.• Ex. Bertha came down with a cold, had a

runny nose, and a sore throat – all because she didn’t take her vitamins.

Opening

DashesRule Two: use a dash to emphasize or explain a

word, a series of words, a phrase, or a clause.• Ex. Homework and study guides – critical

elements to understanding the material – are important to complete on a timely basis.

Opening

DashesRule Three: use a dash to show that someone’s

speech is being interrupted by another person.

• Ex. Well – yes, I understand – no, I remember – oh – okay, thank you!

Work Time

• Complete the three worksheets demonstrating your understanding of how colons, hyphens, and dashes are properly used.

Closing

• Why is it important to your writing to know the difference in how colons, hyphens, and dashes are used?