labor in the late 1800s labor force distribution 1870-1900
TRANSCRIPT
Labor In The Late 1800s
Labor Force Distribution
1870-1900
Labor Force Distribution
1870-1900
The Changing American
Labor Force
The Changing American
Labor Force
Child LaborChild Labor
Child LaborChild Labor
Labor Unrest: 1870-1900
Labor Unrest: 1870-1900
The Molly Maguires(1875) Irish WorkersThe Molly Maguires(1875) Irish Workers
JamesMcParland
Management vs. Labor
Management vs. Labor“Tools” of
Management“Tools” of
Labor
“scabs”
P. R. campaign
Pinkertons
lockout
blacklisting
yellow-dog contracts
court injunctions
open shop
boycotts
sympathy demonstrations
informational picketing
closed shops
organized strikes
“wildcat” strikes
A Striker Confronts a SCAB!
A Striker Confronts a SCAB!
Tools of Management
• Scabs - workers hired to replace those who went on strike
• Pinkertons – detectives hired to report on efforts to unionize and to put a stop to it.
• Yellowdog Contracts - contracts a worker had to sign to get a job in which he agrees NOT to join a union
• Blacklisting – putting out negative information on you so no other company will hire you
• Lockout – Businesses literally locked their doors
Cont
• Court Injunctions – court orders to return to work
• Open shop- a business where no one had to join a union and anyone could work- this is the opposite of a “closed shop” where a person MUST be a union member to work there
Tools of Labor
• Sympathy demonstrations – other businesses would walk off their jobs in support of a striking union
• Closed Shops- businesses that required you be a union member to get a job there
• Strikes- walking off your job and refusing to work until management agrees to your demands
Knights of LaborKnights of Labor
Terence V. Powderly
The first organized labor union 1869
Knights of LaborKnights of Labor
Knights of Labor trade card
For skilled labor only
Goals of the Knights of Labor
Goals of the Knights of Laborù Eight-hour workday.
ù Workers’ cooperatives.
ù Worker-owned factories.
ù Abolition of child and prison labor.
ù Increased circulation of greenbacks.
ù Equal pay for men and women.
ù Safety codes in the workplace.
ù Prohibition of contract foreign labor.
ù Abolition of the National Bank.
The Great Railroad Strike
of 1877
The Great Railroad Strike
of 1877
Anarchists Meet on the Lake Front in
1886
Anarchists Meet on the Lake Front in
1886
This proved to be the downfall of the Knights of Labor because it made people think the Anarchists And Socialists were behind the union
Haymarket Riot (1886)
Chicago Illinois
Haymarket Riot (1886)
Chicago Illinois
McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.
The American Federation
of Labor: 1886
The American Federation
of Labor: 1886
Samuel Gompers
How the AF of L Would Help the
Workers
How the AF of L Would Help the
Workersù Catered to the skilled worker.
ù Represented workers in matters of national legislation.
ù Maintained a national strike fund.
ù Evangelized the cause of unionism.
ù Prevented disputes among the many craft unions.
ù Mediated disputes between management and labor.
ù Pushed for closed shops.
Homestead Steel Strike
(1892)
Homestead Steel Strike
(1892)
The Amalgamated Association of
Iron & Steel Workers
Homestead Steel Works
Homestead Steel Strike• At the steel plant owned by Andrew Carnegie• He brought in Pinkerton Agency detectives to try to
end it• Had enough money to wait them out until they had
to go back to work in order to care for their families• 2 people killed• Significant to the labor movement because it
hampered unionization until the 1940s – no one wanted to risk organizing a union.
Attempted Assassination!
Attempted Assassination!
Henry Clay Frick
Alexander Berkman
Big Corporate Profits!Big Corporate Profits!
A “Compan
yTown”:
Pullman, IL
A “Compan
yTown”:
Pullman, IL
Pullman Strike
• Occurred in 1894• Company laid people off and cut pay but
refused to lower rents• When the Panic was over and people went
back to work the company refused to restore the pay to the pre-Panic level
• The workers called for a strike• The strike was organized by Eugene V. Debs
the leader of the American Railway Union
The Socialists
Eugene V. Debs was a socialist who began theAmerican Railway Union.He believed that the people should controlthe means of production and things should be distributedfairly and workers should notbe taken advantage of.He ran for president 5 times but always lost
Pullman CarsPullman Cars
A Pullman porter
The Hand That Will Rule the World One
Big Union
The Hand That Will Rule the World One
Big Union
International Workers of the World (“Wobblies”)
International Workers of the World (“Wobblies”)
Mother Jones: “The Miner’s Angel”
Mother Jones: “The Miner’s Angel”
Mary Harris.
Organizer for theUnited MineWorkers.
Founded the SocialDemocratic Party in 1898.
One of the founding members of the I. W. W. in 1905.
Lawrence, MA Strike: 1912
Lawrence, MA Strike: 1912
The “Formula
”
The “Formula
”
unions + violence + strikes + socialists + immigrants = anarchists
Labor Union MembershipLabor Union Membership
The Rise & Decline of Organized Labor
The Rise & Decline of Organized Labor