L. SydeskiThomas Jefferson High School

Pittsburgh, PA

SHAPING THE MODERN WORLD

20th Century

1. GLOBAL INTERRELATEDNESS2. IDENTITY AND DIFFERENCE 3. THE RISE OF MASS SOCIETY4. TECHNOLOGY VERSUS NATURE

THEMES

Analyze the pattern of global integration and how it has changed?

GLOBAL INTERRELATEDNESS

Unesco.org

Pre-1914 WorldImperialism: Aggressive colonial policies of the

great nations in Africa, Asia, and Latin America

GLOBAL INTERRELATEDNESS

1900Nation-state

Industrial

Owned Colonies

2000????

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Power Status Across the Century

1900Nation-state

Industrial

Owned Colonies

2000Technology

Education

Infrastructure

Power Status Across the Century

Definition: Great powers of racially and culturally homogenous populations, and with considerable industrial, agricultural, and military resources.

Pentarchy: The Recognized Great Powers in 1914

*Great Britain*Germany*France*Russia*Austria-Hungary

NATION-STATE

United States: Industrially and agriculturally strong but politically isolatedItaly: Ambitious but economically and militarily weakJapan: Strong (Russo-Japanese War) but of a non-European race and tradition

Portugal, Spain, and Belgium existed as minor colonial powers

Intermediate Status States

Smaller European States

THE SHORT 20th CENTURY

WORLD WAR I

(1914 – 1991)

WORLD WAR II

The new powers were the United States, Western Europe as a whole, USSR, and JapanA myriad of weak nations mostly in the southern hemisphere

AS A RESULTThe new Global Pattern could be seen as The Affluent North versus the Developing South

New Global Pattern Emerges

struggles of individuals, groups, and societies – based on politics, nationalism, religion, race, ethnicity, gender, and class.

Identity & Difference

A Clash of Cultures can be shattering to the weaker culture. Europeans assumed an innate dominance because of temporary economic, military, and technological advantages.This all stemmed from European society’s ability to adapt swiftly to change.

Disequilibrium Among Cultures in an Era of Accelerating Change

Culturally Conservative Societies (CCS)

Value custom over innovationTraditional methods and traditions are divinely sanctioned and inviolableChange is decline, not progressPolitically, they are authoritarian mass societiesSocially, they are extended family relationshipsEconomically, they are pastoral, agrarian and handicraft

Clash of Cultures

Idealize innovation as productive and desirableProgress is valuedPolitically, the desire is for improvement and change through a rational analysis of institutions, thus the idea of a political revolutionThey are mass-oriented pluralistic societies that emphasize individual membershipSocially, they stress proto-industrial relationshipsEconomically, industrial capitalism searches for innovation

Change Oriented Societies

World Organizations

Modern Societies have adopted mass institutions and forces:

Political PartiesCompulsory educationPopular sovereigntyNational economic integrationFaster and surer communication and transportationMilitary conscription

The Rise of Mass Politics

In mass pluralistic societies the people remain individuals protected by rights and freedoms

In authoritarian mass societies the people become a totality without

individual rights or freedoms

The omnipresence of modern mechanical devices has nearly ended humanity’s traditionally close relationship with nature1900: Technology meant progress

Today: Technology can be destructive

Technology versus Nature

Paradox:humankind has the power to both destroy the Earth and/or make life more sustainable

Technology versus Nature

Technology is alluring in the developing world while the developed world sees technology as the enemy of an endangered natural environmentPROBLEMS???

Technology versus Nature

WHAT ARE THE GLOBAL ISSUES THAT WE FACE TODAY?

The values of the 20th century, competition, profit,

individualism may now need to be tempered with cooperation, sharing, and a greater concern

for whole societies.

Values for Survival