kvetch, kvetch, kvetch - when manna is not enough ·...
TRANSCRIPT
Kvetch, Kvetch, Kvetch -‐ When Manna is Not Enough
Robert Schoen Today I’d like to discuss Chapter 11 of the parashah Behaalotecha in the Book of Numbers, the chapter often referred to as “Complaining by the Israelites.” First, I’ll give you a quick overview of the chapter, and then I’ll explain why the Israelites were, in my opinion, a bunch of ungrateful, whiny fools. Mostly I’ll be talking about fire, food and sex. Now that I have your attention, let us begin. If you’ve ever wondered why they’re called “The Children of Israel,” and not “The Adults of Israel,” this chapter provides a good answer. As the Israelites wandered in the wilderness, they began to complain about their hardships, first to God. “When Adonai heard them, God’s anger flared up, and fire from the Almighty broke out against them and consumed the outskirts of the camp.” This means that the people who happened to be in the outskirts of the camp at the time were consumed by fire. Fire is often used to indicate God’s displeasure. The people complained about this to Moses, who prayed to God, and the fire abated. As you know, Adonai had provided manna to feed the people. Moses had told to them, “It is the bread God has given you to eat.” And everyone gathered as much as was needed. But the people soon began to weep and moan, crying, “If only we had meat to eat! We remember the fish we used to eat in Egypt, and it cost us nothing! And the cucumbers, the melons, the leeks, the onions, the garlic! But now we’re withering away, we have nothing to eat but this manna.” Moses heard the people crying and called out to Adonai, “Why are you treating me, your servant, so badly? Why have I not found favor in your sight? Why have You put the burden of this entire people on me?” Moses continued, “Did I conceive this people? Was I their father, such that You tell me that I should 'Carry them in (my) arms, like a nurse carrying a baby,’ to the land You swore to their ancestors? “They keep bothering me, always crying, ‘Give us meat to eat!’ Where am I going to get meat to give to this entire people? I can’t carry this entire people by myself alone—it’s too much for me! If You’re going to treat me this way, then just kill me
2 outright if You have any mercy toward me, please! Just don’t let me go on being this miserable!” Now Moses was not happy and he, too, was complaining. In response, God told Moses, “Bring me 70 people you recognize as leaders of the people, and have them stand at the tent of meeting with you. I will come down and speak with you there, and I will take some of the Spirit which rests on you and put it on them. In this way they will carry the burden of the people along with you, so that you won’t carry it yourself alone. “Tell the people, ‘Consecrate yourselves for tomorrow, and you will eat meat; because you cried in my ears, ‘If only we had meat to eat! We had the good life in Egypt!’ “All right! I am going to give you meat, and you will eat it! You won’t eat meat for just one day, or two days, or five, or ten, or 20 days, but for a whole month! You will eat meat until it comes out of your nose and you hate it! You have rejected and distressed me even though I am here with you—with your crying, ‘Why did we ever leave Egypt?’” But Moses was skeptical, saying to God, “Here I am with six hundred thousand men on foot, and You say, ‘I will give them meat to eat for a whole month!’ If whole flocks and herds were slaughtered for them, would that be enough to feed them? If all the fish in the sea were collected for them, would even that be enough?” With incredible patience, God answered Moses, “Has Adonai’s arm grown short? Now you will see whether what I say will happen or not!” It sounds like there may be something up God’s almighty sleeve! So Moses told the people what Adonai had said. He collected 70 leaders of the people and placed them around the tent. Soon, Adonai came down in a cloud, and took some of the Spirit that was on Moses and put it on the 70 leaders. And when the Spirit rested upon them, they began to prophesize. In a little sub-‐plot, it seems that two men, Eldad and Medad, who were not among the 70 chosen leaders, had remained in camp. Yet somehow the Spirit fell upon them and they prophesized. Upon seeing this, a young man ran over to Moses. “Moses, Moses! Eldad and Medad are prophesying in the camp!” (This un-‐named young man thus becomes one of the first tattle-‐tales in recorded history.)
3 Moses’s protégé, Joshua, called on Moses to stop Eldad and Medad from prophesying, but Moses replied, “I wish all of God’s people were prophets, and that Adonai would put the Spirit on all of them!” With that, Moses and the leaders of Israel went back into the camp. Just then, God sent a wind which brought quails from across the sea, causing the quails to fall all around the camp, covering the ground to a depth of several feet. There was so much quail meat that the people stayed up all that day, all night, and all the next day gathering heaps and heaps of quail. “Then they spread the quails out for themselves all around the camp, and they ate.” And ate. And ate. But while the meat was still in their mouths—before they had finished chewing it, God’s anger flared up against the people, striking the people with a terrible plague. And the place was named Kivrot-‐HaTa’avah, “the Graves of Greed,” because it was there they buried the people who were so greedy. The Gemara tells us that God’s punishment came at different speeds for different classes of people: Average people died immediately, while the wicked suffered over a month before they died.
And That’s How the Chapter Ends
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“How wonderful it was in Egypt. We had meat, and fish, and onions and garlic and leeks and watermelon.” We loved Egypt—what a great, fun place! Let’s take a quick trip down Memory Lane—also known as the Book of Exodus, to see what it was really like. I think you’ll remember the story, since we read it every Passover: Chapter 1 Now a new king arose over Egypt, who did not know Joseph. This Pharaoh said, "Look, the Israelite people are more numerous and more powerful than we are. Come, let us deal shrewdly with them, or they will increase and, in the event of war, join our enemies and fight against us and escape from the land." Therefore they set taskmasters over them to oppress them with forced labor. The Egyptians became ruthless in imposing tasks on the Israelites, and made their lives bitter with hard service in mortar and brick and in every kind of field labor. They were ruthless in all the tasks that they imposed on them.
4 The Israelites groaned under their slavery, and cried out. Out of the slavery their cry for help rose up to God, who took notice of them, heard their groaning, and remembered the covenant God had made with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. Meanwhile, Pharaoh had added insult to injury, and stopped providing the Israelites with straw to make bricks, forcing them to gather straw for themselves, while ordering that the number of the bricks produced should not be diminished. God calls upon Moses, "I have seen the misery of my people whom the Egyptians are holding as slaves, and I have remembered my covenant. I have heard their cry on account of their taskmasters, and have seen how they are oppressed. Indeed, I know their sufferings, and have come down to deliver them from the Egyptians and bring them up out of that land to a good and broad land, a land flowing with milk and honey. So come, I will send you to Pharaoh to bring my people, the Israelites, out of Egypt." You all know well what happened then—the plagues, the negotiations, and the dramatic parting of the waters allowing the People of Israel to escape through the Red Sea. Afterwards, the prophet Miriam took a tambourine in her hand; and all the women went out after her with tambourines and with dancing. And Miriam sang to them: "Sing to the Lord, for God has triumphed gloriously; horse and rider he has thrown into the sea." Sadly, the singing, dancing, and euphoria did not last very long. Within a month-‐and-‐a-‐half after their departure from Egypt, the whole congregation of the Israelites complained against Moses and Aaron in the wilderness, saying, "If only we had died by the hand of the Lord in the land of Egypt, when we sat by the fleshpots and ate our fill of bread; for you have brought us out into this wilderness to kill this whole assembly with hunger." They began complaining, murmuring, moaning, and groaning, and soon forgot the pain, burdens, and slavery from which they had recently been rescued. It was then that God told Moses, "I am going to rain bread from heaven for you…” and when the dew settled on the camp during the night, the manna came with it. Manna is described as being like coriander seed—white, with a taste like wafers made with honey. It is said that after gathering it, the people would grind it up or pound it into a paste and cook or bake it into loaves that tasted like cakes baked with olive oil. The Babylonian Talmud tells us that manna had a variety of tastes depending on who ate it.
5 But were the people happy? No. “Boy, did we have it good in Egypt! We had lots of meat! Mmmmmm. Remember the fish we used to eat in Egypt? And it cost us nothing! And the cucumbers, the melons, the leeks, the onions and the garlic!“ The onion and garlic bagels! “But now we’re withering away, we have nothing to eat but this (boring) manna!” What whiny bunch of Israelites! Scholars have attempted to describe what kind or classification of plant or animal manna might “really” have been. Those scholars. Have you noticed they’re always trying to ruin it for us? Do you remember when you were first told it wasn’t really the “Red Sea,” it was the “Reed Sea?” And that winds and tides could have caused the “parting” of the waters? And that the plagues of frogs and locusts were probably just freaks of the weather? And that the darkness that God caused was probably just a solar eclipse.? Scientists also tell us that quail make a migration over the Sinai wilderness every year. It’s been recorded that Arabs living near this region, using nets, can catch between one and two million quails during the autumn migration. Excuse me, but I prefer to believe in miracles and Acts of God. Let me speak for a moment about this business about craving meat. I remember, back in 1983—when I still used to eat meat—I read the book, “American Fried” by Calvin Trillen. In it, he wrote that “...The single best restaurant in the world is Arthur Bryant's Barbeque at 18th & Brooklyn Streets in Kansas City, Kansas." That was the summer that my wife Sharon and I were getting ready to move to California, and of course I insisted that we drive through Kansas City to eat at “the single best restaurant in the world!” Arthur Bryant's turned out to be a sleazy joint on a seedy city street. Lining the walls were photographs of Arthur Bryant shaking hands with several different presidents, actors, and sports figures. I was impressed by the photos. But sadly, we were not impressed with the food. I can assure you that you get better barbecue in Oakland. But getting back to our parashah… And then—when you least expect it, and to my great surprise—sex!
6 In the Talmud, Rav and Shmuel debate the correct interpretation of the Israelite’s complaint, “We remember the fish, which we ate in Egypt.” One of them reads “fish” literally, while the other reads “fish” to mean the illicit sex they were free to have in Egypt—before the commandments were delivered to them from Mount Sinai. Fish, it appears, is a primary rabbinic example of procreation and incessant mating. Rabbi Shimeon concluded that the Israelites did not really lust for meat, but rather for sexual vice. It seems the Bible often uses food as a metaphor for sex. Early in Chapter 11, the Almighty punishes the complainers with a devouring fire. Experts tell us that fire is the usual metaphor for sexual lust. The Talmudic Sages also comment on the analogy between food and sex, and Rashi himself cites the Midrash Sifrei, “They were weeping concerning the sexual relationships which were Biblically forbidden to them.”
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ So, what messages should we take from this chapter of the Parashah? First, people tend to have a short memory, especially the People of Israel. Second, things were probably never as good as we remember them, and longing for the “good old days,” is most likely an exercise in delusion. Third, be careful what you wish for. Next, if God promises to provide for you, show a little trust and respect. And, no matter what the subject, many people—even the legendary rabbis of the Talmud—can somehow find a connection to sex. Next, don’t travel too far out of your way for food—you’re likely to be disappointed. And finally, you probably can’t stop people from complaining; it’s just human nature. Shabbat Shalom.