ktl m2 e jfm plan

Mulembo Local Forest Joint

Management Plan

“For the People. For the Future.”

Under

USAID Various Incentive-based Grant Opportunities and

Rewards (VIGOR) program

Award No. AID-611-F-13-00009

Prepared By

Kasanka Trust Limited

For

USAID

February 22, 2013

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TTAABBLLEE OOFF CCOONNTTEENNTTSS

Table of Contents ....................................................................................................................... 2

1.0 DEFINITION OF THE FOREST MANAGEMENT PLAN .................................................. 7

1.1 Duration ....................................................................................................................... 7

1.2 Targets ........................................................................................................................ 7

1.3 Action........................................................................................................................... 7

1.4 Control ......................................................................................................................... 8

1.5 Joint Forest Management Plan Legalization................................................................. 8

1.5.1 Section 25 - Declaration of Joint Forest Management Area .................................. 8

1.5.2 Section 26 - Forest Management Committee ........................................................ 8

1.5.3 Section 27 - Functions of the Forest Management Committee .............................. 9

2.0 JOINT FOREST MANAGEMENT PLAN .......................................................................... 9

2.1 Description of the Forest Area ..................................................................................... 9

2.1.1 Status and Original Demarcation Description ........................................................ 9

2.1.2 Location and Area ................................................................................................10

2.1.3 Soil and Topography ............................................................................................10

2.1.4 Climate and Rainfall .............................................................................................10

2.1.5 Vegetation Type and Trees ..................................................................................10

2.1.5.1 Miombo Woodlands ................................................................................................ 10

2.1.5.2 Chipya Woodlands ................................................................................................... 10

2.1.5.3 Grasslands ................................................................................................................ 11

2.1.5.4 Permanent Swamps ................................................................................................. 11

2.1.6 Distribution of Forest Species in the Area ............................................................11

2.1.7 Fauna ..................................................................................................................11

2.1.8 Watersheds and Freshwater Resources ..............................................................11

2.1.9 Information Available on the Forest ......................................................................11

2.1.10 Past Use of Forest ...............................................................................................12

2.1.11 Current Use of Forest ..........................................................................................12

2.1.12 User Groups ........................................................................................................12

2.1.13 Main Product Use ................................................................................................12

2.1.13.1 Generation of Income .............................................................................................. 12

2.1.13.2 Household Consumption ......................................................................................... 12

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2.1.13.3 Environmental Benefits ............................................................................................ 12

2.1.13.4 Other Forest Services .............................................................................................. 12

2.2 Socio-economic Settings.............................................................................................13

2.2.1 Governance, Cultural Setting and the Economy ...................................................13

2.2.1.1 Village Structure ....................................................................................................... 13

2.2.1.2 Traditional Administration ........................................................................................ 13

2.2.1.3 Economy .................................................................................................................... 13

2.2.1.4 Political Administration ............................................................................................ 13

2.2.2 Settlements ..........................................................................................................13

2.2.2.1 Musangashi ............................................................................................................... 13

2.2.2.2 Muchelwe ................................................................................................................... 14

2.2.2.3 Chititima ..................................................................................................................... 14

2.2.2.4 Mulembo LF Illegal Settlements ............................................................................. 14

3.0 MANAGEMENT PRESCRIPTIONS ................................................................................15

3.1 Domestic Use of Forest Resources .............................................................................15

3.2 Key Management Issues.............................................................................................18

3.2.1 Legal Issues ........................................................................................................18

3.2.1.1 Illegal Settlements and Encroachment ................................................................. 18

3.2.1.2 Illegal Off-take of Natural Resources .................................................................... 18

3.2.1.3 Agricultural developments ....................................................................................... 18

3.2.1.4 Roads ......................................................................................................................... 18

3.2.2 Forest Management Issues ..................................................................................18

3.2.2.1 Bush fires ................................................................................................................... 18

3.2.2.2 Over-harvesting ........................................................................................................ 19

3.2.2.3 Charcoal Production ................................................................................................ 19

3.2.2.4 Hunting ....................................................................................................................... 19

3.2.2.5 Caterpillar Collection ................................................................................................ 20

3.2.2.6 Honey Collection ...................................................................................................... 20

3.2.2.7 Cultivation .................................................................................................................. 20

3.3 Management Objectives .............................................................................................20

3.3.1 Allowable Use of Forest Resources .....................................................................20

3.3.1.1 Woody Forest Products ........................................................................................... 20

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3.3.1.2 Non-Wood Forest Products (NWFP) ..................................................................... 20

3.3.1.3 Charcoal Production ................................................................................................ 20

3.3.1.4 Fire Management ..................................................................................................... 21

3.3.1.5 Chitemene ................................................................................................................. 21

3.3.1.6 Catchment Protection .............................................................................................. 21

3.3.1.7 Bio-diversity ............................................................................................................... 21

3.3.2 Harvesting of produce ..........................................................................................21

3.3.2.1 Trading ....................................................................................................................... 21

3.3.2.2 Licences ..................................................................................................................... 21

3.3.2.3 Sustainable Harvesting Methods ........................................................................... 22

3.3.3 Regulations of Harvesting ....................................................................................22

3.3.3.1 The Forests Act of 1973 .......................................................................................... 22

3.3.4 Management and Operation ................................................................................23

3.3.4.1 Main Management Objectives ................................................................................ 23

3.3.4.2 Law-enforcement Capacity and Infrastructure ..................................................... 23

3.3.4.3 Poor Management Network and Infrastructure .................................................... 23

3.3.4.4 Inadequate Boundary Demarcation ....................................................................... 23

3.3.5 Community Outreach and Education ...................................................................23

3.3.5.1 Community Involvement .......................................................................................... 23

3.3.5.2 Needs Assessment .................................................................................................. 24

3.3.5.3 Sustainable Income Alternatives ............................................................................ 24

4.0 FINANCIAL MONITORING.............................................................................................25

4.1 Auditing .......................................................................................................................25

4.2 Revenue Sharing ........................................................................................................25

4.3 Sources of Funding .....................................................................................................25

4.4 Bank Procedures ........................................................................................................25

4.5 Projected Budget ........................................................................................................25

5.0 MONITORING AND EVALUATION ................................................................................26

6.0 ENDORSEMENT OF THE PLAN ...................................................................................28

REFERENCES .........................................................................................................................32

APPENDICES ...........................................................................................................................33

APPENDIX A - Location Map ................................................................................................34

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APPENDIX A - Topographic Map ...........................................................................................35

APPENDIX A - Proposed Road Construction Map .................................................................37

APPENDIX A - Aerial Map (Google Maps, 2009) ...................................................................38

APPENDIX A - Demarcation and MLF Beacon Location .......................................................39

APPENDIX A - Base for Community Mapping .......................................................................40

APPENDIX A - Sheet 2: Management Issues ........................................................................42

APPENDIX A - Sheet 3: Forest Quality..................................................................................43

APPENDIX B .........................................................................................................................44

APPENDIX C .........................................................................................................................45

APPENDIX D .........................................................................................................................46

APPENDIX E .........................................................................................................................48

List of Tables

Table 1. Domestic Use of Forest Resources in the Area............................................ ................15 Table 2. Management Objectives and Indicator for Monitoring and Evaluation...........................26 Table 3. The following is a list of species identified in Mulembo Local Forest from the "Forest Inventory Report":........................................................................................................... ............45 Table 4. Harvesting Methods , Use and Regulation within Mulembo LF.......................... ...........46 Table 5. Budget for future JFM practices.....................................................................................47 Table 6. Forest Management Committee Representation..........................................................48

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List of Abbreviations and Acronyms The "1973 Act" Zambia Forests Act Number 39 of 1973

The "1999 Act" Zambia Forests Act Number 7 of 1999

CCRB Chitambo Community Resource Board

CGMA Chitambo Game Management Area

Chilolo Chief’s Minister of major administrative regions or VAGs in the CGMA CR Community Relations

CRO Community Relations Officer

FD Forestry Department GBE Greater Bangweulu Ecosystem

GMA Game Management Area

GMP General Management Plan

GRZ Government of the Republic of Zambia

ha Hectare

IGA Income generating activity

KCC Kasanka Conservation Centre

KGMA Kafinda Game Management Area

km2 Square kilometer

KTL Kasanka Trust Limited

LMNP Lavushi Manda National Park

m Meter

NP National Park

NGO Non-governmental organization

NWFP Non-wood forest products

PA Protected Area

sp 'species'; unknown which species (identified to the genus level)

spp more than one species from the genus known to occur

VAG Village Action Group

ZAWA Zambia Wildlife Authority

ZEMA Zambia Environmental Management Agency

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11..00 DDEEFFIINNIITTIIOONN OOFF TTHHEE FFOORREESSTT MMAANNAAGGEEMMEENNTT PPLLAANN

Joint Forest Management (JFM) is the collaborative management of forests as a policy and program initiative that will allow the stakeholders (the Forestry Department (FD), Kasanka Trust Limited (KTL), and the private sector) to collaborate with communities in sustainable management of forest resources. MISSION STATEMENT To ensure the sustainable flow of wood and non-wood forest products and services while ensuring protection and maintenance of biodiversity for present and future generations, through active participation of all stakeholders.

11..11 DDUURRAATTIIOONN

This Joint Forest Management Plan for Mulembo Local Forest (LF) will be in force until at least July 2014 and will last for a period of not more than two years from the date of its conception. After which, the JFM Plan will be reviewed.

11..22 TTAARRGGEETTSS

To develop participatory management policies and committees for the conservation of Mulembo LF, most specifically policies and control mechanisms for fire management, chitemene, charcoal production, and catchment protection.

11..33 AACCTTIIOONN

In order to ensure sustainable utilization and management of the Mulembo LF, the JFM plan will address the following issues for action: 1. Engaging with communities and stakeholders.

Ensuring stakeholders and community participation in the management of Mulembo LF: o Identify community members dedicated to forest management. o Create Forest Management Committee. o Annual stakeholder evaluation meetings. o Hold quarterly FMC meetings. o Build local capacity among communities.

Ensuring gender equity in the implementation of JFM: o Involve women in meeting s and encourage participation. o Involve women in sustainable alternative activities to reduce deforestation. o Needs assessment involving women.

2. Creating policies on how the forest and products will be used.

Ensuring sustainable utilization and management of forest resources in Mulembo LF; o Identify and describe area under JFM.

o Name user groups of forest resources.

o Make an inventory of forest resources utilized within Mulembo LF (including woody and non-woody

forest resources).

o Identify areas of forest degradation.

o Perform needs assessment for income generating activities (IGAs).

o List management objectives to reduce deforestation

o Encourage those currently residing illegally to move from Mulembo LF.

o Set land aside for resettlement.

Ensuring the continuous supply of wood and non-wood forest products: o Determine sustainable harvesting methods to reduce pressures on the forest.

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o Reduce or eliminate tree cutting resulting from caterpillar harvesting. o Create participatory community policies and control mechanisms for fire management, chitemene,

charcoal production and catchment protection. o Determine sustainable harvesting methods to reduce pressures on the forest.

o Perform needs assessment for income generating activities (IGAs).

o Develop outreach programs to teach sustainable alternative livelihood activities.

3. Demarcating boundaries and reinforcing message of the protected lands.

o Approve proposed area for JFM. o Perform detailed forest inventory o Erect 113 beacons along the boundary especially at cut lines where there is no natural boundary

(i.e. rivers). o Map where specific forest resources are harvested from within Mulembo LF.

4. Establishing institutions to enforce participatory policies.

Ensuring that JFM rules and regulations are adhered to under the Forests Act of 1973 cap. 199: o Supervise activities involve with JFM. o Enforce the rules and regulations. o Ensure sufficient law enforcement and proper issuance of licences. o Endorse JFM plan. o Implement activities from the JFM Plan including sustainable income alternatives to reduce

pressures on and deforestation of Mulembo LF.

11..44 CCOONNTTRROOLL

The Forest Management Committee will be responsible for monitoring activities within Mulembo Local Forest in accordance to those policies discussed in this plan. The FMC is the mediator between the communities and other stakeholders in Mulembo LF (e.g. KTL and FD). If FMC members were to find persons in violation of this JFM Plan, they are to report illegal activities to KTL. KTL will in turn report to the appropriate authority based on the nature of the violation (e.g. Zambian Wildlife Authority (ZAWA) for hunting violations, FD for illegal harvesting of forest resources, etc.)

11..55 JJOOIINNTT FFOORREESSTT MMAANNAAGGEEMMEENNTT PPLLAANN LLEEGGAALLIIZZAATTIIOONN

The Forests Act Number 7 of 1999 (hereby referred to as the 1999 Act) clearly defines Joint Forest Management as "the participation of stakeholders in the sustainable management of forest resources and the sharing of benefits derived therefrom". However, the 1999 Act has not become law; therefore, all actions taken for JFM involving Mulembo Local Forest will follow the "Guidelines for Joint Forest Management" from the 1999 Act without violating existing legislature from the Forests Act No. 30 of 1973 (hereby referred to as the 1973 Act) under Part IV: Local Forests: Sections 17-24. As a collaboration of various organizations, this JFM Plan will focus on the capacity building of management groups to supplement the existing Chitambo Community Resources Board (CCRB). The ability to enforce strict standards for appropriate harvesting of timber and revenue sharing falls outside the spectrum of this project. Therefore, proper legalization methods outlined in the 1999 Act will fall outside this JFM Plan. This plan is formulated for consultation with Provincial and National Forestry Departments with the intentions to lay the groundwork for future JFM planning and activities.

The following is a response to the 1999 Act outlining the procedures for JFM:

11..55..11 SSeeccttiioonn 2255 -- DDeeccllaarraattiioonn ooff JJooiinntt FFoorreesstt MMaannaaggeemmeenntt AArreeaa

On 18 November 2013 community members selected Mulembo LF for JFM activities in partnership with FD and KTL.

11..55..22 SSeeccttiioonn 2266 -- FFoorreesstt MMaannaaggeemmeenntt CCoommmmiitttteeee

In 2013, Chitambo District was created to divide the area within Chief Chitambo's Chiefdom from Serenje District in order to have better government support locally. Therefore, newly designated local representatives

9 will be invited to the Forest Management Committee (FMC). The FMC will also seek representation in the CCRB as there are no residents from the Sections surrounding Mulembo LF sitting on this board. The FMC consists of: a) one person who shall be appointed by the Chief in that area to represent the Chief; (b) a representative of the District Development Coordinating Committee; (c) three persons representing the villagers in that area elected by the villagers; (d) one representative of the District Council in the area; (e) one representative of holders of licences under this Act in that area; (f) a representative of the Department of Agriculture; (g) a representative each from the Department of Fisheries; and (h) a representative of the Zambia Wildlife Authority. At this time, elections to select the FMC representatives have not taken place. The community members that have been vital in the success of programs thus far, and those who have been active participants for programs are listed in Appendix E. The representatives of this committee appears biased towards men and will encourage and consider participation from women and youth when electing representatives of the community. Once elections take place, the Chairperson and Vice Chairperson of the committee shall be elected by the members from amongst themselves. The FMC may invite any person, whose presence is in its opinion desirable, to attend and to participate in the deliberations of a meeting of the FMC but such person shall have no vote. Once elections and Committee designations have taken place, registration under the Registrar of Societies can be considered. As this process can be time consuming, this falls outside the spectrum of this JFM Plan. Depending on future funding to this project, proper procedures for the elections of FMC members to the Committee and registration as a society will legalize this group.

11..55..33 SSeeccttiioonn 2277 -- FFuunnccttiioonnss ooff tthhee FFoorreesstt MMaannaaggeemmeenntt CCoommmmiitttteeee

Funding for this initial review of JFM efforts come from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), from the American people. For the duration of this JFM Plan, KTL and Chitambo District FD does not intend to conduct any revenue sharing from derived benefits of MLF as it is not the policy of KTL nor USAID to promote or allow tree cutting in protected areas.

22..00 JJOOIINNTT FFOORREESSTT MMAANNAAGGEEMMEENNTT PPLLAANN

22..11 DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN OOFF TTHHEE FFOORREESSTT AARREEAA

22..11..11 SSttaattuuss aanndd OOrriiggiinnaall DDeemmaarrccaattiioonn DDeessccrriippttiioonn

"Mulembo Local Forest (MLF) Number P210 was gazetted under statutory instruments 285 of 1968, 177 of 1972 and 66 of 1975 located at -40.9403°, 173.0516°. Starting at Beacon A on the northern bank of an unnamed tributary of the Maboshi River, the boundary follows this unnamed tributary to its confluence with the Maboshi River; thence up the Maboshi River in an easterly, south-easterly and southerly direction to Beacon B on the western bank of the Maboshi River; thence on a true bearing of approximately 275 degrees for a distance of approximately 2,800 metres to Beacon C; thence on a true bearing of approximately 210 degrees for a distance of approximately 7,150 metres to Beacon D; thence on a true bearing of approximately 269 degrees for a distance of approximately 5,750 metres to Beacon E on the northern side of the Livingstone Memorial-Serenje Road; thence on a true bearing of approximately 359 degrees for a distance of approximately 2,250 metres to Beacon F on the northern bank of an unnamed stream; thence down this unnamed stream in a north-westerly and northerly direction to Beacon G on its western bank; thence on a true bearing of approximately 70 degrees for a distance of approximately 7,150 metres to Beacon A, the point of starting. The above described area, in extent 19,395 hectares approximately, is shown bordered green on Plan No. 278/1 deposited in the office of the Surveyor-General, signed by him and dated 22nd November, 1971" (Surveyor-General, 1971).

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22..11..22 LLooccaattiioonn aanndd AArreeaa

MLF starts on the northern bank of Maboshi River, in the south it is bounded by the Mulembo River, in the west by the Mukuku Road and the east extends some miles east of the Livingstone Memorial Road. It lies within the native trust land number 20 under the jurisdiction of the Lala native authority. The area falls within Chief Chitambo’s area formerly Chief Kafinda’s area. See 'Location Map' in Appendix A.

22..11..33 SSooiill aanndd TTooppooggrraapphhyy

There is little variation in altitude across Mulembo LF, with altitudes ranging from around 1200m in the north and 1250m in the south. The area consists of miombo and chipya woodlands, dambos, grasslands and wetlands. Miombo woodlands are characterized by thin, nutrient-poor, and acidic soils, overlaying an iron-rich lateritic rock (Kennedy et al, 2008). The valley floors and swamp areas comprise a variety of poorly drained, poorly aerated, light or yellowish brown loamy to clayey Gleysols. In the main swamp areas these soils all contain a thick humic (peat) layer. Soil found in Chipya woodlands are characterised by deep, sandy soils. According to the 'Soil Map of Zambia' the soils in Mulembo Local Forest are yellowish-brown, not differentiated ferrallitic soils formed from the underlying acid igneous or siliceous sedimentary rock; and leached sandvelt characterized by light sandy loams or loamy sands similar to the above but with a more inert clay and low base saturation due to leaching by excessive rainfall. See 'Soils Map' and 'Topography Map) in Appendix A.

22..11..44 CClliimmaattee aanndd RRaaiinnffaallll

Zambia has three characteristic seasons, including a cool dry season, running from April to July, an increasingly hot dry season running from August to November, and a hot wet season from December to March (Kennedy et al, 2008). Mulembo Local Forest lies within Region III as classified by the Ministry of Agriculture in Zambia, describing high annual rainfall average of 1000-1200mm. The forest is an important part of the National Congo-Zambezi Headwaters, feeding into the Greater Bangweulu Ecosystem (a Ramsar site of international importance). Although Zambia lies within the tropical zone, temperatures are relatively mild due to the ameliorating effect of altitude. Average daytime temperatures measured at Mulaushi Camp at the boundary of Kasanka NP ranged between 14° and 33° Celsius between October 2006 and March 2008, with recorded minimum and maximum extremes of 4o and 40° Celsius, respectively (Kennedy et al. 2008). Frost at ground level is known to occur regularly in the winter months.

22..11..55 VVeeggeettaattiioonn TTyyppee aanndd TTrreeeess

The majority type of vegetation covering Mulembo LF are woodlands (wooded country with open canopy of deciduous trees and typically a frequent occurrence of fire) with some open areas consisting of grasslands and dambo areas. See Appendix B for a list of species identified in Mulembo LF from the "Forest Inventory Report" by the Serenje Forestry Department in October 2013.

22..11..55..11 MMiioommbboo WWooooddllaannddss

Mulembo Local Forest is dominantly miombo woodlands, characterized by a dominance of leguminous trees such as Brachystegia spp, Isoberlinia angolensis and Julbernardia paniculata. Miombo woodlands surrounding the LF, at the boundaries, and some traces within the LF have had a significant part of the miombo has been cleared for chitemene cultivation or significantly degenerated (i.e. through fires or caterpillar collection) at some stage in time. This is still clearly visible in the structure of these woodlands, suggesting very slow recovery from these human impacts.

22..11..55..22 CChhiippyyaa WWooooddllaannddss

There are some areas of Chipya woodland within Mulembo LF. This threatened woodland type is found on rich soils, typically with a tall semi-closed canopy of fire-resistant tree species such as Amblygonocarpus andongensis, Albizia antunesiana, Pericopsis angolensis, Pterocarpus angolensis, Burkea africana, Erythrophleum africanum and Parinari curatellifolia, lacking the dominant miombo genera Brachystegia, Julbernardia, isoberlinia and Uapaca, and a dense undergrowth characterized by Aframomum alboviolaceum

11 (Wild Ginger), Smilax anceps and Pteridium aquilinum. In a scenario without fires, Chipya woodlands would probably be replaced by dry evergreen forests with a rich thicket component.

22..11..55..33 GGrraassssllaannddss

Grasslands are found throughout the LF in areas that flood seasonally. Ecologically, these grasslands are best distinguished in grasslands that receive water from rain and seepage (“dambo’s”) and grasslands with inundation from perennial rivers (“floodplains”). The latter category normally is much nutrient richer than the former, supporting a completely different flora and fauna, and supporting high densities of large herbivores. Cubitermes mounds occur in high densities in grasslands where flooding doesn’t exceed some 30 cm in depth. Large Macrotermes mounds, covered with the characteristic “termitaria” vegetation, are common throughout.

22..11..55..44 PPeerrmmaanneenntt SSwwaammppss

Permanent swamps bordering streams are found mainly along the Moboshi and Lamba Rivers . Papyrus, reeds and sedges are prominent.

22..11..66 DDiissttrriibbuuttiioonn ooff FFoorreesstt SSppeecciieess iinn tthhee AArreeaa

The south-eastern part is densely stocked with secondary generation of Julbernadia species while the southern part is poor and more openly stocked. The area is composed of trees with diameters ranging from 5-80cm and average heights from 10-60m. Undergrowth is limited by recent or late fires in the forest. The estimated wood produce value of Mulembo Local Forest was KR 1,118,95,963.23 based on the volume estimated for each tree species found in MLF multiplied by the species fees per meter squared. See Appendix B for more information.

22..11..77 FFaauunnaa

In the absence of anthropogenic processes, this vegetation can support a diversity of wildlife species, especially mammals (e.g. antelopes such as Roan and Sable, Lichtenstein’s hartebeest, common duiker, etc) and birds (e.g. Rose turaco, Bulbuls, Crowned hornbills, etc).. There are limited animals residing in Mulembo Local Forest. Signs of hunting and trapping using snares were evident during site visits. At this time it is suitable to assume that due to hunting and fragmenting of habitats that little game exists in Mulembo LF and that animals sighted may be passing through as a corridor between Kasanka NP and Chikuni or Lavushi Manda NP.

22..11..88 WWaatteerrsshheeddss aanndd FFrreesshhwwaatteerr RReessoouurrcceess

An important characteristic and justification for the Mulembo LF is the number of headwaters that come together within the forest. The area is host to abundant wetland habitats, including perennial rivers as well as seasonal, permanent and floodplain wetlands, especially towards the Lulimala River north of Mulembo LF. These wetland habitats are partly connected or linked to the Bangweulu swamps, one of the largest marshes in the world and internationally recognized as a Ramsar site. The Mulembo River located outside of the MLF, approximately 5 km south of the boundary, flows into the Luapula River, which is the main source of water for the Congo River (Namaiko and Chama, unpublished). The Lamba and Moboshi Rivers are the larger perennial streams distinguishing the boundary of Mulembo LF. Seasonal streams found within the forest typically drain large seasonally flooded dambo grassland plains. Some prominent examples are Chinondo, Chalo and Kafundo Rivers. The streams typically start flowing in December and dry up between May and July. Due to the perennial character of the rivers, and the characteristics of the forest (flat with natural ‘dams’), there is sufficient water throughout the year to support wet habitats and large mammal and bird populations. In general, rivers are considered to be in a very natural and unpolluted state. Thus, the Mulembo LF is an important catchment area, endowed with a rich freshwater resource base.

22..11..99 IInnffoorrmmaattiioonn AAvvaaiillaabbllee oonn tthhee FFoorreesstt

There is little information available on Mulembo LF although KTL has done some site visits as a part of managing Kafinda GMA, Shoebill Camp near Chikuni in the Bangweulu Wetlands and Kasanka and Lavushi Manda National Parks. No licenses have been issued by the FD for use of forest resources within the LF,

12 therefore it is assumed that any activities of involving cutting or harvesting of forest resources within Mulembo LF is illegal and will be discouraged. A detailed Forest Inventory will be carried out to determine the overall status and composition of the LF prior to permitting any cutting and discussions of JFM involving shared benefits.

22..11..1100 PPaasstt UUssee ooff FFoorreesstt

Approximately 50 years ago, people shifted from Moboshi on the north-west boundary into the Mulembo LF, likely utilizing forest resources on a subsistence basis. There is insufficient formal recorded data of past settlements. It is stated that people were previously requested to move from the LF, either because they created a new boundary at the conception of the LF or because they later moved into protected land. Mulembo LF has largely been unaltered due to the rich forest resources in the surrounding areas.

22..11..1111 CCuurrrreenntt UUssee ooff FFoorreesstt

Currently there are approximately 100 people residing within the boundaries of the forest. They appear to be utilizing the forest at a subsistence rate, however, may be selling some forest products elsewhere. The Sections surrounding the forest have a small impact at the boundaries but do not tend to travel far into the forest to harvest woody products such as fiber, fodder, poles and fuel wood. The non-woody items collected are reeds, wild tubers (chikanda and umunkoyo), thatching grass from dambo areas, caterpillars (seasonal), honey, wild fruits (amasuku, amakonko, insokolowe, impundu, imfungo, intungulu), wild vegetables (pupwe, ubusepa, icitashi), herbs (for traditional medicines), sweeping brooms, and mushrooms. Hunting exists on a subsistence scale. See Management Issues Map in Appendix A and Harvesting Table in Appendix C.

22..11..1122 UUsseerr GGrroouuppss

The user groups are located outside the boundaries and some within the boundary of the forest and have been identified as Musangashi, Muchelwe, Chititma and an illegal settlement (see Forest User Groups Map in Appendix A). Details of these groups can be found in Section 2.2 entitled "Socio-economic Settings".

22..11..1133 MMaaiinn PPrroodduucctt UUssee

The main products derived from Mulembo LF can be classified into four major use categories: generation of income, household consumption, environmental benefits and other forest services. Note that these benefits come namely from the surrounding forested areas at this time and do not necessarily represent illegal harvesting from a protected area.

22..11..1133..11 GGeenneerraattiioonn ooff IInnccoommee

Forest resources provide jobs and income to supplement rural farmer's earnings. The following are examples: manufacture and selling of charcoal and planks; use of firewood, poles and logs for construction; sawmilling, carpentry and generating handcrafts; collection of herbs for traditional medicines; collection of mushrooms, wild fruits, vegetables, caterpillars and honey; and eco-tourism.

22..11..1133..22 HHoouusseehhoolldd CCoonnssuummppttiioonn

Many forest products can be used for household consumption. Examples include firewood and charcoal for cooking, tobacco curing, brick firing, and beer brewing; building poles and logs for construction of houses and storage of agricultural products; fodder and forage for animal consumption; thatching and weaving for household products; herbal medicines, honey, caterpillar collection, and wild foods for consumption.

22..11..1133..33 EEnnvviirroonnmmeennttaall BBeenneeffiittss

Environmental resources that are utilized and not always recognized as benefits from the forest include shade, windbreaks, erosion control, enhancement of soil fertility, siltation and flood prevention, and water conservation. These benefits are essential for productive agricultural practices.

22..11..1133..44 OOtthheerr FFoorreesstt SSeerrvviicceess

13 Other notable forest services include habitats for wildlife; stabilization of fragile land areas; reduction in soil erosion; land for cultural ceremonies and burial sites A detailed breakdown of domestic use in the area of forest derived products can be found in Table 2 under Section 3.1 'Domestic Use of Forest Resources'.

22..22 SSOOCCIIOO--EECCOONNOOMMIICC SSEETTTTIINNGGSS

22..22..11 GGoovveerrnnaannccee,, CCuullttuurraall SSeettttiinngg aanndd tthhee EEccoonnoommyy

22..22..11..11 VViillllaaggee SSttrruuccttuurree

There are many villages comprising a few households, therefore for management concerns, several villages are grouped together into Sections. There are three Sections bordering MLF: Musangashi, Muchelwe and Chititima. A detailed breakdown of these sections can be found in Section 2.2.2 Settlements.

22..22..11..22 TTrraaddiittiioonnaall AAddmmiinniissttrraattiioonn

The area is home to the Bemba-Lala speaking people of Chief Chitambo’s chiefdom, from whom the name Chitambo Game Management Area (CGMA) is derived. The Chief owns the land and he is the supreme leader of the people locally. The traditional leader’s leadership is decentralised into regions or Village Action Groups (VAGs) and villages. VAGs are led by Chilolos (Chief’s regional cabinet ministers) while villages are led by headmen. All sections surrounding Mulembo LF fall within Chalilo VAG. The Chitambo Community Resources Board (CCRB) is an organization that discusses the resources of the local area. The role of the CCRB and its substructures play in both community development and conservation awareness. There is no representation on the CCRB by community members residing in these sections, thus overlooking valuable insight to Mulembo LF and its role in managing local natural resources. It should be noted, however, that each section has a Chilolo as a representative to the Chief.

22..22..11..33 EEccoonnoommyy

The three sections are highly remote and economically resilient. The main occupation for residents in the area is rain fed agriculture and mono-cropping.

22..22..11..44 PPoolliittiiccaall AAddmmiinniissttrraattiioonn

Until recently, the area was politically administered from Serenje town, under Serenje District. Access to government services and structures by the local people was complicated by distance (Serenje is more than 100 km south) and financing travel as only wealthier residents could afford to meet the transport costs. However, CGMA is now part of the newly created Chitambo District, by the Zambian government, albeit the political administrative center and supportive structures are yet to be established in the area. If the administrative center for the new district will be located within CGMA, it is highly envisaged that this will bring government closer to the local people and thereby improve access to public services such as agricultural inputs and extension, quality health and education as well as key infrastructure such as government offices, schools, clinics, fuel stations, and banks.

22..22..22 SSeettttlleemmeennttss

22..22..22..11 MMuussaannggaasshhii

Musangashi Section is located at the south to south-east boundary of Mulembo LF (see Forest User Group Map in Appendix A). Established around 1960, people began moving to this area from within Chitambo Chiefdom and Mpumba in Muchinga Province due to population expansion, reduced soil fertility, family disputes and hunting opportunities. The area is home to the Bemba-Lala speaking people of Chief Chitambo’s chiefdom. The Section has a Chilolo representing the area for the chief and falls under Chalilo VAG, a part of Chitambo CRB. There are approximately 45 villages with 400 residents living in Musangashi section. The majority of people are rural farmers. Other occupations include community teachers and Chilolos. Residents

14 also make income by selling mushrooms, finger millet, fishing, bartering and beer brewing. People rely heavily on forest products for firewood used in cooking, charcoal production, poles for construction, collection of wild fruits, tubers and mushrooms.

22..22..22..22 MMuucchheellwwee

Muchelwe Section is located at the south-west boundary of Mulembo LF (see Forest User Group Map in Appendix A). Settlements have been in this area as far back as 1958 with people resettling from within the Chiefdom. The area is home to the Bemba-Lala speaking people of Chief Chitambo’s chiefdom. The Section has a Chilolo representing the area for the chief and falls under Chalilo VAG, a part of Chitambo CRB. There are approximately 60 households with 600 residents Muchelwe Section. The main occupation is rural agriculture of maize, cassava and groundnuts. Other sources of income include fishing, honey collecting, hunting, bartering and beer/mbole brewing. People rely heavily on forest products for firewood used in cooking, poles for construction, collection of wild fruits, tubers and mushrooms.

22..22..22..33 CChhiittiittiimmaa

Chititima Section is located at the western boundary of Mulembo LF (see Forest User Group Map in Appendix A). People have settled in the area as far back as 1958 from Moboshi within the Chiefdom and Chiundaponde in Mpika District, Muchinga Province. The area is home to the Bemba-Lala speaking people of Chief Chitambo’s chiefdom. The Section has a Chilolo representing the area for the chief. Chititima is part of Chalilo VAG, however, has no residents representing the area on the CRB Board. There are approximately 102 households with 612 residents in Chititima Section. The main occupation of residents is farming and few are employed as community teachers. Other earn income from beer brewing, fishing, and livestock. Some charcoal production comes from this area. Forest resources are mainly used for fuel wood and collection of wild mushrooms.

22..22..22..44 MMuulleemmbboo LLFF IIlllleeggaall SSeettttlleemmeennttss

Mulembo LF Settlements are located within the boundaries of Mulembo LF opposite of Chititima Section (See Forest User Group Map in Appendix A). Some degradation of MLF has occurred as a result of clearing the land for houses and agricultural fields. Other forest resources have been impacted through the collection of firewood for fuel and materials for building. Previously, people settled in the area from Moboshi, shifting later to another area. Currently, there are approximately ten households with100 settlers residing within the boundary of MLF. The people left Chipundu Section due to lack of adequate soils for agriculture moved in to the area in 2010. The area falls within Chief Chitambo’s area formerly Chief Kafinda’s area within the native trust land number 20 under the jurisdiction of the Lala native authority. The forest area is not highly encroached but has a few households along the banks of the Lamba stream which forms part of the western boundary for Mulembo LF. There are no organized communities as this area is an illegal settlement. There are roughly ten households with not more than 100 people residing within the forest boundary. The main occupation is farming, other sources of income are from fishing and wild fruit collection. Those residing in the forest collect wild honey, tubers, mushrooms and fruit. They also are impacting the forest by harvesting poles used in construction of housing and for fuel wood. Consultation took place with the illegal settlers on 18, 19, 20 and 21 November 2013. At this time, the illegal settlers agreed for no new cultivation within Mulembo LF. Discussions on 4 February 2014 regarding possible resettlement resulted in the settlers relocating households by July 2014. They were amenable to this agreement, given that no fines would be issued prior to this date, and that sufficient time was given to harvest crops, build or improve houses and relocate. The FD and Chief are responsible for overseeing relocation of the illegal settlers.

15

33..00 MMAANNAAGGEEMMEENNTT PPRREESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONNSS

33..11 DDOOMMEESSTTIICC UUSSEE OOFF FFOORREESSTT RREESSOOUURRCCEESS

Domestic use of forest resources include any use of resources found in forests by the communities surrounding Mulembo LF. The following information collected does not necessarily represent illegal harvesting of wood from the protected area, but is designed to identify species of common use and the purpose of these uses for future reference. Over time, the amount of all resource use will increase with pressure from rising populations in the area. This can be referenced for future reforestation and outreach efforts. The only resource that appears to be decreasing in use over time is hunting of game animals due to drastic reductions of local populations outside NPs. Table 1. Domestic Use of Forest Resources in the Area

Type Resource Species Local Name Purpose User Group

Major Forest Products (Wood

Resources)

Timber/ Carpentry Erythophleum spp. Pterocarpus angolensis Afzelia quanzensis Parinarium mobola Faurea speciosa Afromosia angolensis Isoberlina angolensis

kaimbi, mululu mulombwa/mukwa mupapa mupundu saninga mubanga mutobo

Income, household consumption

All Settlements

Poles/ Rafters Monotes oblongifolius Diospyros spp. Marquesia macroura Xylopiya spp. Erythophleum spp. Afzelia quanzensis Erythrina abyssinica

cipampa mucenja museshi mwengele kaimbi, mululu mupapa kalunguti


All Settlements

Bridges, Rail lines Afromosia angolensis Brachystegia allenii

mubanga mutondo

Infrastructure All Settlements

Fire/Fuel Wood Afromosia angolensis Brachystegia allenii Brachystegia boehmii

mubanga mutondo musamba


All Settlements

Charcoal Afromosia angolensis Brachystegia allenii Brachystegia boehmii

mubanga mutondo musamba


Chititima

Cooking stick and Tools handles (for axes/hoes)

Swartzia madagacarensis Dlabergia nitidula Brachystegia allenii Brachystegia allenii

ndale kalongwe mutondo ciuya


All Settlements

Planks/ Frames Isoberlina angolensis Erythrina abyssinica Pterocarpus angolensis

mutobo mulunguti mulombwa/mukwa


Chititima

16

Parinari excelsa mukuwe

Type Resource Species Local Name Purpose User Group

Major Forest Products (Wood

Resources)

Carvings/ Drums Virex spp. Erythina excelsa Strychnos pungens Albizzia sericocephala Pterocaarpus angolensis Brachystegia allenii

muputu mutiti musaye musase mulombwa/mukwa mutondo

Income, cultural use All Settlements

Canoes Pterocarpus angolensis Parinarium mobola Isoberlina angolensis Afzelia quanzensis

mulombwa/mukwa mupundu mutobo mupapa


Illegal Settlers, Chititima

Bark/ Fibre Brachystegia boehmii musamba Household consumption All Settlements

Minor Forest Products (Non-

wood Resources)

Wild Fruits Uapaca spp. Uapaca nitida Parinarium mobola Anisphylles pomifera

amasuku insokolobe mpundu mfungo intungulu amakonko


All Settlements

Mushrooms Amenita zambiana Termitomycis titanicus Anemita rubescens Cantharellus spp. Lactarius kabansus Termitomycis microcarpus Russula spp.

tente icikulowa akankolenkole chitondo kabansa samfwe busefwe


All Settlements

Caterpillars mumpa chipumi mukoso


All Settlements

Wild animals Bush pig Yellow Monkeys Squirrels Rats Other small rodents


All Settlements

Type Resource Description Local Name Purpose User Group


Wood Resources)

Reeds Common reed matete Income, household consumption

All Settlements

Roots N/A mushila Household consumption All Settlements

Wild tubers African bolony Traditional beverage

chikanda umunkoyo


All Settlements

17

Type Resource Description Local Name Purpose User Group


Wood Resources)

Thatching grass Fine grass lweo Household consumption All Settlements

Sweeping brooms Fine grass lweo Income, household consumption

All Settlements

Wild Vegetables Various vegetables pupwe ubusepa icitashi

Household consumption All Settlements

Herbs (Traditional Medicines)

Various herbs muti Household consumption All Settlements

Honey Honey found in wild hives ubuci Income, household consumption, beer making

All Settlements

Beeswax ipula Income All Settlements

Other Products

Salt Salt deposits mucele Household consumption All Settlements

Minerals or Stone Crushed stone to mix with cement in construction

ibwe Agricultural benefits All Settlements

Soil Necessity for farming umushili Agricultural benefits All Settlements

Sand Mixing with cement umucanga Household consumption All Settlements

Environmental and Social

Issues

Water catchment Slows rain and assists in infiltration

ukusunga mfula Agricultural benefits All Settlements

Cemetery or Burial Ground

Area protected culturally nshinshi Cultural practices All Settlements

Buffer Zones To prevent human/animal conflict, wind breaks, etc.

-- Environmental benefits All Settlements

Erosion prevention Slows movement of rain water

ukulesha kusenda kwa mushili wa pamulu

Environmental benefits All Settlements

Social ceremonies Traditional rite of passage and marital ceremonies

ukusefya Cultural practices All Settlements

Spare land/ Recreation

Job creation ukutengala incende Environmental benefits All Settlements

Eco-tourism Job creation -- Income, Environmental benefits

All Settlements

18

33..22 KKEEYY MMAANNAAGGEEMMEENNTT IISSSSUUEESS

33..22..11 LLeeggaall IIssssuueess

33..22..11..11 IIlllleeggaall SSeettttlleemmeennttss aanndd EEnnccrrooaacchhmmeenntt

There is an illegal settlement within the forest near the Lamba River at the north-west boundary of the forest. There is additional encroachment on the forest along the northern boundary where several households are located within 100 meters of the forest. Some of the agricultural fields for these households either lie on or near the boundary of the forest. Past encroachment on the southern boundary seems to have subsided for now and the forest is regenerating. The western boundary encroachment is limited by the Lamba River and fringe wetlands (see Forest Quality Map in Appendix A). The Forestry Department, along with Chief Chitambo IV, are the authority over Mulembo LF and will be responsible for relocating the settlers. There is an agreement to wait for relocation during the dry season, when all crops have been harvested and the weather conditions are more ideal for construction. The deadline for relocation will be 31 July 2014 to ensure sufficient time for moving and building new houses outside of Mulembo LF boundaries.

33..22..11..22 IIlllleeggaall OOffff--ttaakkee ooff NNaattuurraall RReessoouurrcceess

There is evidence of illegal harvesting on a small scale within the Mulembo LF. This is likely due to many factors; namely, encroaching due to population increase, lack of law enforcement and deficiency of local knowledge concerning the purpose, laws and regulation of a LF.

33..22..11..33 AAggrriiccuullttuurraall ddeevveellooppmmeennttss

There are some agricultural developments in the north-west areas of the forest where there has been illegal settlements forming in recent years. In general, agricultural and industrial developments are likely to reduce the overall intactness and thus ecological robustness of the region, and will influence excessive hunting. Agricultural and industrial developments in upstream waters would pose a great risk for the many habitats depending on a constant supply of clean water in and around Mulembo LF. This would also influence those relying on clean water downstream in the communities neighboring Mulembo LF. This is an increasing concern in the area, as large pieces of land near Kasanka and Lavushi Manda NPs are being purchased for farm blocks. This modification of land use will promote infrastructure development such as dams and weirs and will affect hydrology on neighboring river systems.

33..22..11..44 RRooaaddss

A strip of the forest was cleared for the establishment of a road connecting Chalilo to Chiundaponde. The road construction was initiated by government workers in Northern (now Muchinga) Province, however, the efforts were halted in 2013 when it was realized that the proper stakeholders were not involved during the planning and development of this road. The road begins at the south-west boundary of MLF and make up approximately three kilometers of the boundary (see Proposed Road Construction Map in Appendix A).

33..22..22 FFoorreesstt MMaannaaggeemmeenntt IIssssuueess

33..22..22..11 BBuusshh ffiirreess

Burning of the bush is an ecologically determining factor of major impact throughout Zambia and beyond. Fires in the late dry and hot season can have devastating ecological effects.

19

Management problems and concerns in Mulembo LF revolve around the following topics:

There is no formal fire management strategy.

Destructive late-season fires are discouraged but are not completely banned.

Early burning is considered the best practical option for most of the forest, but the exact

short- and long-term effects are very poorly understood. Logically, a system of annual

early burning, compared to no burning programme with occurring late-season fires, will

lead to reduced ferocity but increased frequency of fires.

Non-burning is considered crucial for conservation and regeneration of some vegetation

such as evergreen forests, but might leave increasing tinder volumes risking destructive

fires.

There is very little knowledge on the restoration potential for threatened and sensitive

vegetation hindering formulation of appropriate strategies.

A balanced burning strategy is labor intensive and requires skilled and dedicated staff,

preferably with a high continuity over years, for which funding is lacking.

33..22..22..22 OOvveerr--hhaarrvveessttiinngg

It appears that there are no sections of the forest where over-harvesting is occurring other than the areas where settlements exist or on the boundary of the forest. Lack of roads to the boundary and suitable markets for selling forest products on a large scale seem to curtail large impacts on the forest. As forest resources become less prevalent outside the boundaries of the Mulembo LF, this will become more of a concern.

33..22..22..33 CChhaarrccooaall PPrroodduuccttiioonn

There is minimal amount of charcoal production in the area although it is present. No evidence proves that charcoal is being made from within the LF, however, people tend to make charcoal when clearing areas of forest for agriculture. If enforcement becomes more prevalent and no further fields are opened within Mulembo LF, charcoal production does not appear to be of major concern at this time.

33..22..22..44 HHuunnttiinngg

Besides excessive hunting of mammals, leading to a collapse in the large mammal population locally, there are various problems relating to illegal off-take of natural resources, the main ones being (in rough order of importance):

Fishing is widespread and fairly intensive throughout the LF primarily by members of the

surroundings communities. Generally fishing weirs, gill nets and hooklines, but also fish

poisoning. Considered to have the following (potential) effects, among others:

o Direct effect on fish populations and thus the wider aquatic ecosystem including

food availability for fish-eating animal species.

o Disturbance (vegetation removal) and poisoning of aquatic ecosystems.

o Disturbance of mammals and birds.

o Accidental by-catch of birds and mammals in fishing nets and on hooklines.

o ‘Littering’ of e.g. old nets which impacts the aesthetic value of the forest.

o Reduction of fish stock supplementation to the KGMA.

Bird hunting is widespread in the surrounding KGMA, impacting the same populations

found within Mulembo LF. Disturbance of birds, both from hunting and loss of breeding

grounds due to fires, are of similar concern.

20

33..22..22..55 CCaatteerrppiillllaarr CCoolllleeccttiioonn

Caterpillar collection perhaps has the most distinctive influence on the woodland structure in

proximately to the boundaries near settlements (e.g. the north-west, western and southern

boundaries). In this area, felling of Julbernardia trees for caterpillar collection prevents maturing

of the woodland.

33..22..22..66 HHoonneeyy CCoolllleeccttiioonn

The main concern with honey collection is the loss of old and ecologically important trees which

are often felled for this purpose. This does not only impact the carrying capacity for honey bees

(which can be mitigated by placement of bee hives) but impacts populations of a wide range of

crevice-nesting birds and other animals dependant on these trees.

33..22..22..77 CCuullttiivvaattiioonn

The major concerns with agricultural developments, thus requiring careful management include:

Land disputes over ownership and water rights.

Hydrological disturbances:

o Reduction of overall flow.

o Disturbance of flow patterns.

o Disturbance of sediment loads.

o Increased loads of nutrients from fertilizers and life-stock.

o Increased loads of (chemical) pollutants.

33..33 MMAANNAAGGEEMMEENNTT OOBBJJEECCTTIIVVEESS

33..33..11 AAlllloowwaabbllee UUssee ooff FFoorreesstt RReessoouurrcceess

Improved and continued monitoring of forest inventory and data must be kept to determine sustainable harvest rates and successful implementation by communities. At this time, this is out of the spectrum of this management plan as USAID and KTL do not support any cutting of trees within a protected area.

33..33..11..11 WWooooddyy FFoorreesstt PPrroodduuccttss

At this time, cutting for wood forest products is out of the spectrum of this management plan as USAID and KTL do not support any cutting of trees within a protected area. Communities will be educated on ways to conserve threatened habitats and to encourage regeneration of degraded forest areas.

33..33..11..22 NNoonn--WWoooodd FFoorreesstt PPrroodduuccttss ((NNWWFFPP))

As JFM does include the shared use of forest resources, KTL, FD and the communities have agreed upon certain use of NWFP. These include harvesting of mushrooms, wild fruits, wild vegetables, herbs, tubers, grass, reeds and caterpillars for consumption and forbids cutting of trees in order to facilitate harvesting of these products.

33..33..11..33 CChhaarrccooaall PPrroodduuccttiioonn

Cutting within the Mulembo LF is forbidden for charcoal production. Permits and licenses must be issued by FD for community members to produce and sell charcoal. KTL encourages alternatives use of energy (collection of dead wood, fuel-efficient stoves and charcoal produced

21

from agricultural wastes). Application and approvals of licenses will be the responsibility of the FD and the communities.

33..33..11..44 FFiirree MMaannaaggeemmeenntt

FD, KTL and the FMC will optimize burning management to conserve all habitat types and stimulate restoration of threatened habitats. Late dry season fires should be avoided for the protection of various habitats within Mulembo LF. KTL and the FD encourage early-burning within the months of April-June and implementation of firebreaks in strategic places around the forest to protect it from fires that may become out of control in late dry season.

33..33..11..55 CChhiitteemmeennee

Chitemene, or the practice of slash and burn agriculture is forbidden within Mulembo LF. Both the 1973 and 1999 Acts prohibit cultivation within LFs.

33..33..11..66 CCaattcchhmmeenntt PPrrootteeccttiioonn

In order to protect the freshwater resources, it is important to prevent disturbances in the headwaters found within Mulembo LF. Therefore, the FD, KTL and the communities have agreed upon the following policies:

Cultivation within MLF is prohibited.

Illegal fishing methods must be eliminated (e.g. use of fish poison).

There will be no grazing of livestock within the forest.

Residing within MLF is prohibited.

33..33..11..77 BBiioo--ddiivveerrssiittyy

To restore the natural character of Mulembo LF, management based on minimizing human interference must be practiced in order to:

Ensure recovery of animal populations.

Stimulate scientific research and monitoring with the primary aim to improve

management.

Strengthen connectivity with surrounding areas, in specific KGMA but also the Kasanka

and Lavushi Manda NPs, Bangweulu GMA and other areas, to increase the extent of

effectively protected area in the region and reduce pressures on Mulembo LF.

Take an active approach on influencing regional developments relevant to the LF.

33..33..22 HHaarrvveessttiinngg ooff pprroodduuccee

33..33..22..11 TTrraaddiinngg

The bartering system has been verified as a means to supplement income in the communities surrounding Mulembo LF, thus it is assumed that trading of forest resources is existent on a small scale. The 1973 Act states in PART IV under Major Forest Produces Section "29. (2) No person shall without a licence sell, offer for sale, barter or otherwise deal in any major forest produce from any State Land, Reserve or Trust Land."

33..33..22..22 LLiicceenncceess

The type of licences available are pitsawing, concession, casual and conveyance.

Pitsawing licence refers to small-scale cutting and processing of timber for sell for up to three years.

22

Concession licence is for operation of sawmill or pitsawing in a specified forest area.

A casual licence is issued for two weeks to collect or sell forest products, not including major produce from a specified area.

A conveyance licence is for transporting forest produce.

33..33..22..33 SSuussttaaiinnaabbllee HHaarrvveessttiinngg MMeetthhooddss

Harvesting must use methods considering the maturity, size and intended use of forest products. Raw materials must undergo appropriate processing to maximize use of harvested forest products. See the Table in Appendix C for further recommendations. Due to the poor harvesting methods, it is recommended that communities are sensitized on sustainable methods of harvesting to practice within the KGMA, such as:

Felling techniques to allow coppicing.

Climbing trees when collecting caterpillars or picking wild fruits.

Selective cutting of trees for intended purposes.

Collecting dead wood instead of cutting live trees for firewood.

Proper preservation techniques.

Alternative sources of income or forest products.

33..33..33 RReegguullaattiioonnss ooff HHaarrvveessttiinngg

33..33..33..11 TThhee FFoorreessttss AAcctt ooff 11997733

As previously mentioned, the Forest Act of 1999 was never enacted and therefore, current enforcement falls under the Forests Act Number 39 of 1973. According to the 1973 Act, forest restrictions in a LF are as follows: "(a) fells, cuts, fashions, burns, injures, takes, collects or removes any forest product; (b) squats, camps, resides, builds or excavates, constructs or uses any enclosure or constructs, reopens or uses any road other than a public road, or erects or operates any plant, machinery or equipment; (c) sets fire to any tree, undergrowth, grass or forest produce, or assists in lighting any fire, or allows any fire lit by any person or the employees or agents of that person to enter a Local Forest; (d) grazes domestic animals or allows domestic animals to trespass; (e) clears, cultivates or breaks up land for cultivation or other purposes, or grows crops; (f) enters or is found in or upon any Local Forest in any manner or for any purpose contrary to an order made by the Commission and published in the Gazette, unless the person is a traveller on a public road; (g) collects any bees, comb, honey or beeswax, or hangs or places on any tree or elsewhere any beehive or other receptacle for the purpose of obtaining any comb, honey or beeswax, or is found in or upon any Local Forest for the purpose of collecting any bees, comb, honey or beeswax; (h) removes or damages any boundary mark, beacon, notice, fence or gate, or removes or damages any mark placed on any tree by or on the authority of a forest officer; or (i) deposits or negligently allows to fall over or on such Local Forest, any refuse or debris; commits an offence." Unless they have been issued a licence from the Commission will be penalized. Penalties for being in violation of the Act include, forfeiture of license, confiscation of items used to commit crime, compensation for loss or damage to property or people, payment of fines or imprisonment (Ministry of Lands and the Environment, 1973).

23

Once evidence shows these methods have been adopted among the majority of the community, the FD and KTL can collaborate with the FMC to extend sustainable practiced and joint management into Mulembo LF.

33..33..44 MMaannaaggeemmeenntt aanndd OOppeerraattiioonn

33..33..44..11 MMaaiinn MMaannaaggeemmeenntt OObbjjeeccttiivveess

Critical to the effective management of Mulembo LF is adequate staffing of operations and optimal cooperation between the stakeholders involved. The main objectives are:

Continuation and strengthening of the participatory policies among KTL, FD and the communities as prime parties responsible for the management.

Improve fundraising to finance operations.

Improvement of management infrastructure and logistics.

Improvement of law-enforcement capacity and effectiveness.

Maintaining the forests territorial integrity.

33..33..44..22 LLaaww--eennffoorrcceemmeenntt CCaappaacciittyy aanndd IInnffrraassttrruuccttuurree

Due to the distance from Serenje and lack of government infrastructure for the newly created Chitambo District, there are many issues affecting management in law enforcement for Mulembo LF. These include:

Remote location complicates proper law-enforcement.

FD lacks sufficient funding for law-enforcement staff, equipment and training.

Limitations of the existing communication infrastructure (limited network access).

There is no existing law-enforcement strategy.

Inadequate system of law-enforcement and intelligence gathering in the KGMA.

Inadequate governmental technical support and prosecution and legal capacity at district level.

33..33..44..33 PPoooorr MMaannaaggeemmeenntt NNeettwwoorrkk aanndd IInnffrraassttrruuccttuurree

Mulembo LF has a fair network of roads within five kilometers of the boundary but not all are in good all-weather condition. Only one road, which was initiated in 2013 by another district defines part of the boundary of the LF. Construction was halted when it was realized that procedures and stakeholder involvement was not considered during the planning process.

33..33..44..44 IInnaaddeeqquuaattee BBoouunnddaarryy DDeemmaarrccaattiioonn

Most of Mulembo LF's boundaries were not physically demarcated or the boundary markings were not clear. Part of this JFM planning process is to involve the communities during boundary demarcation and beacon construction process. Approximately 113 beacons will be constructed in 2014.

33..33..55 CCoommmmuunniittyy OOuuttrreeaacchh aanndd EEdduuccaattiioonn

33..33..55..11 CCoommmmuunniittyy IInnvvoollvveemmeenntt

Effective community outreach is central to the core biodiversity conservation objectives for the LF. It is important to gain support for the conservation of Mulembo LF from the local communities residing in the KGMA and beyond. The younger generations have limited knowledge or appreciation of wildlife and conservation, as a result of limited environmental education, vanishing wildlife populations in the KGMA, and shifting livelihoods. The main objectives are:

24

Facilitating environmental and general education activities focusing on schools from KGMA and beyond.

Supporting community outreach activities, needs for which are discussed in the KGMA GMP and other documents on the KGMA, and LF.

Ensure that community outreach activities contribute to the conservation of Mulembo LF, i.e. link input activities to the willingness of communities to support conservation.

33..33..55..22 NNeeeeddss AAsssseessssmmeenntt

According to a Needs Assessment conducted with the community members present for JFM Plan formulation the following income generating activities (IGAs) were identified:

Beekeeping o Carpentry to make hives o Processing of honey and beeswax o Market for selling bee products

Fish farming o Pond construction o Harvesting methods o Preservation techniques

Animal production o Guidelines specific for chickens, goats, pigs o Animals health

Permagardening

Agricultural commodities market o Thatch grass o Groundnuts, beans, soya o Market for selling bee products

Training in woodlot management

Market for curious and sculptures

Mushroom growing

Food preservation

Fuel-efficient cook stoves

33..33..55..33 SSuussttaaiinnaabbllee IInnccoommee AAlltteerrnnaattiivveess

From the Needs Assessment activity, the following items were identified as potential sustainable alternative activities that can reduce pressure on Mulembo Local Forest:

Fuel-efficient cook stoves

Alternative charcoal made from agricultural waste

Beekeeping using mud hives

Market for agricultural commodities (thatch grass for lodges, groundnuts and

mushrooms for COMACO).

Improved chicken business

25

44..00 FFIINNAANNCCIIAALL MMOONNIITTOORRIINNGG

44..11 AAUUDDIITTIINNGG

Funds to initiate the Joint Forest Management Plan for Mulembo LF have been provided by USAID, from the American people. Kasanka Trust Limited (KTL) is facilitating various programs utilizing this funding and will be responsible for auditing of the project.

44..22 RREEVVEENNUUEE SSHHAARRIINNGG

Revenue sharing lies out of the spectrum of this project as cutting in protected areas is not supported by KTL nor by USAID.

44..33 SSOOUURRCCEESS OOFF FFUUNNDDIINNGG

After the initial project funding is complete, KTL will collaborate with the Forestry Department to seek additional funding for future JFM activities.

44..44 BBAANNKK PPRROOCCEEDDUURREESS

At this time there is a dedicated bank account for JFM of Mulembo LF for the funds from USAID, from the American people. The KTL Administrator and the Project Facilitator are currently responsible for the management of the account. In the event that the FMC become registered by the Registrar of Societies in Zambia, financial responsibilities will be shifted to the FMC with the assistance of FD and KTL.

44..55 PPRROOJJEECCTTEEDD BBUUDDGGEETT

According to the "Guidelines for Joint Forest Management" the cost of recurrent activities are as follows:

1. Village Resource Guard salaries at K 50,000/month

2. Quarterly Joint FMC meetings which include village participants

K 250,000/meeting for transport

K 1,000,000/meeting for facilities

3. Stakeholder meeting at the end of the year at K 500,000.

4. Office supplies will cost K 1,250,000/year.

These estimates were based on the Zambian kwacha before it was rebased and does not consider inflation. See Appendix D for detailed projected budget for JFM activities.

26

55..00 MMOONNIITTOORRIINNGG AANNDD EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN

Table 2. Management Objectives and Indicator for Monitoring and Evaluation

# Long-term Objectives Short-term Objectives Persons Responsible

FD/KTL Indicators USAID Indicators

1 To ensure sustainable utilization and management of forest resources in MLF;

Identify JFM area, user groups, forest resources utilized, and areas of forest degradation in order to formulate JFM Plan.

FD, KTL, FMC & Community

# of plans proposed for global climate change (GCC)

Needs assessment to identify sustainable alternative income generation sources and activities


# of income generating activities identified

# of beneficiaries with improved energy services # of people benefitting from technical assistance

Determine sustainable harvesting methods to reduce pressures on the forest.

FD, FMC, KT: & Community

# of people benefitting from technical assistance

Provide technical advice for effective implementation of JFM Plan

FD and KTL # of people benefitting from technical assistance

2 To ensure the continuous supply of wood and non-wood forest produce;

Encourage those currently residing illegally to move from MLF

FD and FMC # of illegal settlers removed from protected area

Set land aside for resettlement Chief # of offenders

Reduce or eliminate tree cutting resulting from caterpillar harvesting

FMC and Community # of offenders # ha under improved management

Create participatory community policies and control mechanisms for fire management, chitemene, charcoal production and catchment protection


# of policies, strategies, plans or agreements proposed for GCC

Determine sustainable harvesting methods to reduce pressure on the forest.


# of strategies proposed for GCC

3 To ensure stakeholders and community participation in the management of MLF;

Identify community members dedicated to forest management



Create Forest Management Committee FD, KTL, and Community

# of people employed # of institutions addressing GCC

Annual stakeholder evaluation meetings FD, KTL and FMC # of organizations involved in JFM

# of stakeholders with increased capacity to adapt to GCC

Quarterly FMC meetings FD, KTL and FMC # of organizations involved in JFM

Build local capacity among communities FD and KTL # of people benefitting from technical assistance # of institutions addr. GCC

27

# Long-term Objectives Short-term Objectives Persons Responsible

FD/KTL Indicators USAID Indicators

4 To ensure gender equity in the implementation of JFM;

Invite women to meetings and encourage participation

FD, KTL and FMC # of people benefitting from technical assistance

Involve women in sustainable alternative activities to reduce deforestation


# of beneficiaries with improved energy services # of people benefitting from technical assistance

Needs assessment involving women FD, KTL, FMC & Community


5 To clearly define and mark the boundaries of MLF;

Approving proposed area for JFM Chief and FD # of laws, policies, strategies, plans or agreements proposed, adopted or implemented for global climate change (GCC)

Detailed baseline forest inventory FD, KTL & FMC # ha under improved management

Erect beacons along boundary especially at cut lines where there is no natural boundary


# ha under improved management

6 To ensure that JFM rules and regulations are adhered to under the Forests Act of 1973 cap. 199

Implement of JFM activities FD, KTL, FMC & Community


Implement Fire Management Plan FD, KTL, FMC & Community

# of fires extinguished by FMC # ha protected by firebreaks # ha affected by early burning # ha affected by late burning

# of metric tons of carbon dioxide or greenhouse gas emissions saved or reduced

Supervise activities involved with JFM FD, KTL, FMC # of violations

Enforce the rules and regulations FD # permits issued

Ensure sufficient law enforcement and proper issuance of licences

FD and FMC # and type of licences issued

Endorse JFM Plan Chief, FD, KTL, FMC & Community

# of laws, policies, strategies, plans or agreements proposed, adopted or implemented for GCC

28

66..00 EENNDDOORRSSEEMMEENNTT OOFF TTHHEE PPLLAANN

These matters were discussed as a part of a Participatory Management and Joint Forest Management Meeting held at Kasanka Conservation Center of 3-4 of February 2014. Target: Create Mulembo Local Forest Joint Forest Management (JFM) Plan with at least 50 community members. Verification: Copy of JFM Plan with participant signatures. 1. What is Joint/Participatory Management? Joint Forest Management (JFM) is the collaborative management of forests as a policy and program initiative that will

allow the stakeholders (the Forestry Department (FD), Kasanka Trust Limited (KTL), and the private sector) to

collaborate with communities in sustainable management of forest resources.

2. Statement of PFM. MISSION STATEMENT To ensure the sustainable flow of wood and non-wood forest products and services at the same time ensuring protection and maintenance of biodiversity for the present and future generations, through active participation of all stakeholders. Who is involved? The stakeholders for JFM include the District Forestry Office, Kasanka Trust Limited (KTL), Department of Agriculture, Department of Fisheries, District Commission, Zambia Wildlife Authority (ZAWA), community members living within and surrounding the forest.

3. Objectives of the Agreement i) To ensure sustainable utilization and management of forest resources in Mulembo Local Forest (LF)

ii) To ensure the continuous supply of wood and non-wood forest produce.

iii) To ensure community and stakeholder participation in the management of Mulembo LF.

iv) To ensure gender equity in the implementation of JFM.

v) Boundaries of Mulembo LF are clearly defined and maintained.

vi) To ensure that JFM rules and regulations are adhered to (Forest Act of 1973 cap 199 of the laws of Zambia).

4. Management Activities to be Undertaken (Table 3)

5. Needs Assessment

Promoting alternative income generating activities (IGAs)

Training in fish farming and fish pond construction

Training in beekeeping

Training in gardening

Training in goat and poultry production

Training in fuel-efficient cook stoves

Market creation for thatching grass

Create market for curious/sculptures and other art products

6. Rules and Regulations that will apply The Forest Act cap 199 No 39 of 1973 Discussion of laws pertinent to Local Forests and penalties for being in violation of said laws.

32

RREEFFEERREENNCCEESS

Department of Agriculture, Soil Survey Unit, 1991. An Exploratory Soil Map of Zambia. Lusaka, Zambia. Forestry Department, 2013. Forest Inventory Report for Mulembo Local Forest. Serenje, Zambia. Kennedy M.P., Racey P.A., Iason G. and Soulsby C. 2008. A Hydrology and Burning Management Plan for Kasanka National Park. Report.

University of Aberdeen & Macaulay Land Use Research Institute, Aberdeen, United Kingdom. Lead Dog Consulting. "Earth." Google. Lead Dog Consulting, 2009. Web. 20 Feb. 2014. Ministry of Lands and the Environment. 1973. Forests Act. Lusaka, Zambia. Surveyor General. Ministry of Lands and Mines, Republic of Zambia. 1963. Soils Map of the Republic of Zambia. Namaiko T. & Chama L. 2005. Socio economic Survey Report: Setting a Pathway to Land Use Planning & Improved Natural Resources

Management in the Kafinda Game Management Area. Report. Kasanka Trust Ltd and NC-IUCN, Serenje, Zambia.

33

AAPPPPEENNDDIICCEESS

APPENDIX A: Maps

Location Map

Topographic Map

Soils Map

Proposed Road Construction Map

Aerial Map

Demarcation and MLF Beacon Location

Base for Community Mapping

Sheet 1: Forest Quality

o Delineates range, section and beat boundaries along with three general categories of forest vegetation conditions: regenerating,

degrading and barren. Forest User and Protection Groups

Sheet 2: Forest User Groups

o Inventories and identifies the location of community forest user groups, potential and registered FMCs.

Sheet 3: Management Issues

o Identifies pressures and conflicts on the forests such as overgrazing, illicit timber smuggling, and other disturbances.

Sheet 4: JFM Action Plan

o Shows what steps and activities of the JFM action plan are planned for each particular FMC.

APPENDIX B: Forestry Inventory Table from "Forest Inventory Report" APPENDIX C:Pricelist of forest products Table of Forest Products APPENDIX D: Budget Table of Projected Budget for JFM

34

AAPPPPEENNDDIIXX AA -- LLOOCCAATTIIOONN MMAAPP

35

AAPPPPEENNDDIIXX AA -- TTOOPPOOGGRRAAPPHHIICC MMAAPP

36

APPENDIX A - SOILS MAP

37

AAPPPPEENNDDIIXX AA -- PPRROOPPOOSSEEDD RROOAADD CCOONNSSTTRRUUCCTTIIOONN MMAAPP

38

AAPPPPEENNDDIIXX AA -- AAEERRIIAALL MMAAPP ((GGOOOOGGLLEE MMAAPPSS,, 22000099))

39

AAPPPPEENNDDIIXX AA -- DDEEMMAARRCCAATTIIOONN AANNDD MMLLFF BBEEAACCOONN LLOOCCAATTIIOONN

40

AAPPPPEENNDDIIXX AA -- BBAASSEE FFOORR CCOOMMMMUUNNIITTYY MMAAPPPPIINNGG

41

APPENDIX A - Sheet 1: Forest User Groups

42

AAPPPPEENNDDIIXX AA -- SSHHEEEETT 22:: MMAANNAAGGEEMMEENNTT IISSSSUUEESS

43

AAPPPPEENNDDIIXX AA -- SSHHEEEETT 33:: FFOORREESSTT QQUUAALLIITTYY

44

AAPPPPEENNDDIIXX BB

Table 3. The following is a list of species identified in Mulembo Local Forest from the "Forest Inventory Report":

# Scientific Name Bemba Name # Scientific Name Bemba Name

1. Albizia antunesiana Musase 39. Securidaca

longepedunculata Mupapi

2. Anisophyllea boehmii Mufungo 40. Syzgium cordatum Mufinsa/Mukutwe

3. Brachystegia boehmii Musamba 41. Syzygium guineense Mufinsa/Chibumbya

4. Brachystegia microphylla

Kalimba 42. Swartzia madagascariensis

Ndale

5. Brachystegia longifolia Muombo/Munye? 43. Terminalia mollis Mubobo

6. Brachystegia spiciformis

Muputu 44. Terminalia serica Kalunguti/ Namwinshi

7. Craibia affinis Mupande 45. Uapaca

banguelensis Musokolowe/ Mukokolo

8. Combretum molle Mulama 46. Uapaca kirkiana Musuku

9. Dalbergia nitidula Kalongwe/Lubeba 47. Uapaca nitida Musokolowe

10. Diplorhynchus condylocarpon

Mwenge 48. Raphia farinifera Umubale/ Chibale

11. Diosyros batocana Muntufita 49. Ximenia americana Mungomba/Mulebe

12. Erythrophloeum africanum

Kaimbi* 50. Vitex doniana Muchinka/Mufutu

13. Flacourtia indica Mukulumbisha 51. Zanha africana Chibangalume

14. Faurea saligna Saninga

15. Hexalobus monopetalus

Mukundukundu

16. Hymenocardia acida Kapempe

17. Isoberlina angolensis Mutobo

18. Julbernadia paniculata Mutondo

19. kafundansofu kafundansofu

20. Lannea discolor Kaumbu

21. Lonchocarpus capassa Chibuya/ Chiya

22. Dalbergia nitidula Lubeba/ Kalongwe

23. Maprounea africana Kafulamume

24. Mubale mubale

25. Mukolamfula Mukolamfula

26. Parinari excelsa/ Hirtella bandweolensis

Mukuwe

27. Mufulu Mufulu

28. Mumpo Mumpo

29. Mutungwambabala Mutungwambabala

30. Monotes africanus Chimpampa

31. Ochna pulchra Munango/ Munao/

Munawe/ Musengu

32. Parinari curatellifolia Mupundu

33. Pericopsis angolensis Mubanga*

34. Phyllocosmus lemaireanus

Mulumbwelumbwe/ Kampombwe

35. Piliostigina thonningii Mufumbe

36. Pterocarpus angolensis Mulombe*

37. Protea gaugedi Musoso

38. Pseudolachnostylis maproneufolia

Musangati

*Indicates threatened species

45

AAPPPPEENNDDIIXX CC

Table 4. Harvesting Methods , Use and Regulation within Mulembo LF.

Resource Size/ Amount

Market Value (ZWK)

Intended Use

Allowable Use/ Limits

Processing Licenses/ Regulations

Timber varies varies Construction None Wood preservatives

Restricted by FD

Poles roofing pole

25-30 Construction None Wood preservatives

Restricted by FD

Fire/Fuel Wood

N/A N/A Fuel/ cooking Deadwood Only fallen trees

Restricted by FD

Charcoal per Bag 16-30 Income, Fuel None Improved storage

Restricted by FD

Tools per Handle

2-10 Handles for axe, hoes

None Wood preservatives

Restricted by FD

Planks per Plank

15-25 Carpentry None Wood preservatives

Restricted by FD: Pitsawing licence

Bark/Fibre per bundle

10-15 Construction None N/A N/A

Wood Carvings/ Drums

each per drum

50-60 Income/ cultural ceremonies


Restricted by FD

Canoes per canoe

500-700 Income and fishing


Restricted by FD

Wild animals

per game animal

N/A Income/ Source of Protein

None Drying for preservation

Restricted by ZAWA

Mushrooms per gallon

15-30 Income/ Food

Household consumption

Drying for preservation

FD: Casual/ conveyance licence

Reeds per mat 25-40 Income/ reed mat/ furniture

Household Consumption

Drying FD: Casual/ conveyance licence

Wild tubers per loaf per L

25 2-5

Consumption 1. chikanda 2. munkoyo




Thatching grass

bundle 2-5 Brooms, roof Household uses

Improved storage


Wild fruits/ vegetables

per gallon

5-30 Income/ Food



No cutting of trees in LF; FD: Casual/ conveyance licence

Caterpillars per gallon

25-45 Income/ Source of Protein




Honey per liter 10-25 Income/ use/ beer making


Improved storage


Fishing each 5-25 Income/ Source of Protein



Restricted by Dept of Fisheries (Jan - Mar)

46

AAPPPPEENNDDIIXX DD

Table 5. Budget for future JFM practices

Description Unit # units Unit cost (in ZMK

Total (in ZMK)

Total (in US$)*

1. Human resources

1.1 Permanent staff

1.1.1 Forest Guards Per month 8 150 1200 222.22

1.1.2 Village Resource Guards Per month 4 150 600 111.11

1.2 Temporary staff

1.2.1 Forest Management Committee Per day 20 30 600 111.11

1.2.2 Government Officers Per day 4 500 2000 370.37

Subtotal 1

814.81

2. Staff travel

2.1 Transport

2.1.1 Local travel (within Province) Per unit 4 1000 600 740.74

2.1.2 Local travel (within District) Per unit 20 700 14000 2592.59

2.2 Per diem for the missions

2.2.1 Within the Province Per diem 4 120 480 88.89

2.2.2 Within the District Per diem 20 70 1400 259.26

Subtotal 2

3681.48

3. Equipments

3.1 Computer equipment Per unit 2 6000 12000 2222.22

3.2 Office equipment Per month 12 100 1200 222.22

3.3 Field equipment Per unit 2 1500 3000 555.56

3.4 Miscellaneous Per unit 4 200 800 148.15

Subtotal 3

3148.15

4. Operations

4.1 Vehicle rental Per day 12 400 4800 888.89

4.2 Vehicle costs (fuel, maintenance, repairs, etc.) Per month 2 1000 2000 370.37

4.3 Office rental and other rental charges Per month 1 100 1200 222.22

4.4 Consumables - Office supplies Per month 1 200 200 37.04

4.5 Other services

4.5.1 Telephone/Fax Per month 4 50 200 37.04

4.5.2 Internet Per month 1 300 300 55.56

4.5.3 Maintenance Per month 2 100 200 37.04

4.5.4 Banking costs Per month 1 100 100 18.52

4.5.5 Miscellaneous Per month 2 100 200 37.04

Subtotal 4

1703.72

Description Unit # unit Unit cost (in ZMK)

Total (in ZMK)

Total (in US$)

5. Workshops/training/conferences/seminars, etc.

5.1 Activity 1 (KCC, 5 days, 50 participants)

5.1.1 Facilitation/Moderation Per day 2 500 5000 925.925

5.1.2 Per diem (number of participants x number of days)

Per day 10 50 500 92.59

5.1.3 Travels Per unit 250 50 12500 2314.81

5.1.4 Venue Per day 5 200 1000 185.19

5.1.5 Media Set fee 15 50 750 138.89

5.1.6 Food Per unit 250 100 25000 4629

47 5.1.7 Other costs linked to the event in detail

0.00

5.1.7.1 xxx Per unit

5.2 Workshop 2 (KCC, 1 day, 50 participants)

5.2.1 Food Per unit 50 50 2500 462.96

5.3 Travel per person 50 50 2500

Subtotal 5

8749.37

6. Information management

6.1 Publications Per unit

0.00

6.1.1 Studies/research Per unit

0.00

6.1.2 Grant proposals Per unit 4 5000 20000 370.70

6.1.3 Procedures manuals Per unit 2 250 1000 185.19

6.2.1 Promotional items (t-shirts, caps, pens, calendars, posters, etc.)

Per unit 100 100 10000 1851.85

6.3 Translation Per unit 4 50 200 37.04

Subtotal 6

2444.78

7. Forestry Work

Harvesting Inventory (10 days x 3 FD) Per unit 30 500 15000 2777.78

Baseline Forest Inventory (20 days x 3 FD) Per unit 60 500 30000 5555.56

Community Assessments Per unit 4 5000 20000 3703.70

Subtotal 6

12037.04

TOTAL

32579.35

* Exchange rate of ZMK:$USD= 5.4:1

48

AAPPPPEENNDDIIXX EE

Table 5. Forest Management Committee Representation

# Organization Representative Section/Village

1 Chief's Representative Tryven Banda Kafinda

2 Chilolo-Chititima Winter Muzuwa Chititima

3 Chilolo- Muchelwe Antony Mumba Muchelwe

4 Chilolo-Musangashi Albert Bwanga Musangashi

5 Forestry Extension Technician Victor K. Sichitalwe Serenje/Chitambo

6 ZAWA Roger M Monde Kasanka

7 Squatter's Representative Martin Chola Chititima/Squatter's Village

8 Community Rep Gift Chola Musangashi

9 Community Rep Charles Mwelwa Muchelwe

ktl m2 e jfm plan

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