Korea• Divided at 38th parallel

after WWII• NK= communist, allied w/

USSR• SK= anti-communist,

allied w/ US• June 1950: NK invaded SK• UN forces help SK, push

NK out of SK

Korea • UN forces invade NK• China invades to help NK

overwhelmed UN troops• Gen. MacArthur wants to

use nuclear weapons• Cease fire negotiated

(1953): Korea stays divided at 38th parallel, demilitarized zone (DMZ) separates country

• CONTAINMENT worked!

Korea • NK: led by Kim Il Sung,

strict communist rule, collective farms, few freedoms

• SK: not democratic (until 1980s), prospered w/ US help

Video– History’s Turning Points, Inside NK, Michael Palin, Full Circle (2:40-8:30) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5hg3hDCbSvI

Vietnam• Ho Chi Minh = nationalist

leader, defeated French in 1954

• US worried about domino theory– spread of communism in Asia

• Vietnam divided at 17th parallel– NV= communist– SV= anti-communist

Vietnam• Vietcong = communist

guerillas, fought against SV, more people in SV wanted communism

• US gave military support to SV military, increased after US ship attacked by NV (1964- Tonkin Gulf)

• US struggled because of guerilla warfare, unfamiliar territory, SV govt unpopular

Vietnam• President Nixon began

pulling US troops out of Vietnam complete in 1973

• 1975: NV took over SV, country united

• Containment FAILED!

Video– History’s Turning Points, pictures: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/picture_gallery/05/in_pictures_the_vietnam_war_/html/1.stm

Cambodia • US bombed Cambodia during Vietnam War

• 1975: communist rebels, Khmer Rouge took over. Led by Pol Pot.

• Pol Pot used genocide to build his communist society about 2 million killed

• Vietnam helped overthrow Khmer Rouge brought less repressive government

• Became democratic in 1993

Video– PBS Frontline http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/watch/player.html?pkg=102_cambodia&seg=1&mod=0

• Third World = developing nations, US and USSR tried to get them on their side w/ (1) covert action (spying, assassinations), (2) supporting wars, (3) military, economic, humanitarian aid

• Some countries stayed non-aligned

Cuba • Fulgencio Batista = US supported dictator, overthrown by Fidel Castro in 1959

• Castro = dictator, turned communist, nationalized (took over) US businesses US stopped trade with Cuba (embargo)

• 1961: Bay of Pigs invasion: US backed attempt to overthrow Castro FAILED

Cuba • 1962: USSR (Khrushchev) started putting missiles in Cuba. US (Kennedy) ordered them out world close to war

• Result of Cuban Missile Crisis: USSR takes out missiles, US agrees not to invade Cuba

• Cuba became very dependent on USSRVideo– Inside Cuba:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eNVTb9oyyNMhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_5BGCjkU2J0

Nicaragua • US backed dictatorship of Anastasio Somoza and his famiy.

• 1979, Somoza overthrown by communist Sandanistas and Daniel Ortega

• Sandanistas helped communist rebels in El Salvador.

Nicaragua• US supported anti-

communist rebels (Contras)

• Civil War in Nicargua for 10+ years hurt their economy

• First free elections in 1990 helps end war.

Iran • US supported Shah Pahlavi Iranian nationalists upset w/ his rule

• 1953, Prime Minister nationalized British oil company, forced Shah to flee

• US put Shah back in power, Shah westernized Iran, decreased power for the religious leaders (ayatollahs)

Iran • Ayatollah Khomeini led revolution Shah fled in 1979.

• Khomeini brought strict Islamic rule, anti-US policies.

• 1979-1981: Iran Hostage Crisis at US embassy

• Iran supported anti-US movements in other countries (led to Iran-Iraq War, 1980-1988)Video– Rick Steves: 2:50-6:18, 7:55- 11:46

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BhvNtczcLfo

Afghanistan • 1950s, increased Soviet influence became communist

• Late 1970s, revolt threatened the communist government

• USSR invaded (1979) to support the govt.

• Becomes USSR’s Vietnam

Afghanistan • US gave mujahideen (rebels) weapons

• US stopped selling grain to the USSR and boycotted 1980 Olympics in Moscow

• 1989– USSR (Gorbachev) withdrew troops

Video– CNN Cold War0-6, 21:33- ? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IQBFXM1PIhM