KNR 253 Processing/Debriefing

Cain, Cummings, & Stanchfield, 2005

Dattilo, 2008

John Dewey

Father of experiential education

In order to truly learn from an experience there must be some reflection

Philosophy for experiential education & adventure education

Experiential Learning

After activity comes reflection Followed by application of new information

Kolb

People do not solely learn, grow, or change from an experience Rubber chickens can be just a fun game unless help

participants see meaning beyond activity

Processing Helps make connections between experience and real life Creates the meaning of an activity

Experiential Learning

Often not done Not know how to do effectively Not leave enough time Get so involved in activity

Processing activities can be dynamic & engaging

There is no one time or way to process Sometimes will hear debriefing used for end and

process occurring at anytime

Processing Is….

Umbrella term for many facilitation techniques

Designed to help people describe, reflect, analyze, & communicate about experience

Directed to help people generalize what learned in an activity to everyday life

Vital technique to use in leisure education

Processing

An activity during a facilitated experience that helps participants to: Better understand the purpose of the experience Bring closure to an activity Reflect upon the experience Express feelings about the experience Evaluate individual & group performance Transfer the lessons of the experience to future

experiences

Continuum of Processing Techniques

Participant- Facilitator-Centered CenteredProcessing Processing

Mountains Speak Q&A Metaphoric

No Facilitator Manipulation Chiji Cards

Processing

Need a variety of techniques/activities Base on multiple intelligences

Logical, kinesthetic, visual, etc. Base on stage of group formation

Examples

Journal Conversation Writing Art projects Dramatic

presentations

Dyads Activity sheets Drawing Music Dance

4 Forms Noted by Dattilo

Frontloading

Debriefing

Giving feedback

Use of metaphors

Processing

Frontloading Highlight learning prior to activity Review learning from previous activity What behaviors will result in success or hinder

success

Processing

Debriefing Reflection after an activity to bring about change Can occur in relation to each individual activity of

a session Can occur at end of entire session Too many questions after each activity effect the

flow of the session Can use one thought-provoking question

What is the most important thing you are taking away from this activity?

Processing

Debriefing Make sure objectives are met

Medicaid identified a billable session as those therapeutic interventions for processing client’s goals & objectives

Deb Tiger, 2010

Processing

Giving feedback Learning by telling Should be descriptive vs. evaluative Focus on strengths Well-timed

Use of metaphors Connection between experience & life

Hints

Create safe & positive learning environment Group norms about judgments during processing Tell why processing

Sequence processing Begin simple, get more in-depth later

Allow members to pass People can learn even if not share with group When learn to trust will share at own pace

Allow for some superficial answers/comments Silences are OK

Can allow people to formulate ideas

Hints

Mix up methods Can have small groups for processing Do not always have to have a gimmick

Processing can happen at any time not just when activity is over

Processing requires planning Tools to be held in hands TRS not only needs a big bag of activities but

also a big bag of processing techniques

5 Questions

Did you notice…? Leader must be observant for meaningful events Did you notice that a few people really took a

leadership role? Why did that happen? Does that happen in life? Why does that happen? How can you use that?

Jacobson & Ruddy, 2004

Traditional Items

Body Part Debrief - $40 Chiji Dice - $35 Chiji Cards - $20 Emotion Cards - $35 Fortune Cookie - $75

Where To Find Traditional Items

Online at

http://www.adventureworks.org/

http://www.experientialtools.com/ http://store.training-wheels.com/

Non-Traditional Items

First Aid Kit Legos Building Blocks Playing Cards Beach Ball

Let your imagination run wild!!!!!

Where to Find Non-Traditional Items

Home/office Magazines Old birthday cards Party Store Garage Sale Dollar Store

ACTIVITY

Prioritizing Work Values

Good pay Being challenged Being able to give

input Having independence Opportunity for

advancement Coworker

relationships

Good hours Being stimulated Having people’s

respect Job security Equal opportunity

Pride in work

Prioritizing Leisure Values

Learning Staying at home Physical challenge Planning in advance Playing catch up Being alone

Socializing Going somewhere Excitement Spontaneous Fulfill commitments Keeping my mind off

work

Prioritizing Relationship Values

Laughter Independent interests Open communication Honesty Not clinging Romance

Common interests Physically attractive Trust Open about feelings Puts me first Intelligent