knowledge management, dss, expert system

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    Basic Concepts

    Management Information Systems

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    Agenda

    IT and business

    IT enabled Organization

    Data Information and Knowledge

    Discussion of Carrs Case

    Development of MIS definition

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    Why to invest in IT

    Operational excellence

    New products, services and business models

    Customer and supplier intimacy

    Improved Decision making

    Competitive Advantage

    Survival

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    Framework for MIS

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    Organization

    Organizations are coalitions of shifting interestgroups that develop goals by negotiation; thestructure of the coalition, its activities, and itsoutcomes are strongly influenced by

    environmental factors. OPEN SYSTEM

    Input: Men, Materials, Money, Machines,Information

    Output: Goods and Services

    Middle: Resources are transformed to create asurplus (PROFIT)

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    Every Organization has 3 parts:1. people: (workers, supervisors, consultants, engineers,

    superintendents, etc.)

    2. Tasks: the operations (paint, fix, print, compress, etc.)

    3. Management: Planning, Organizing, leading, controllingthe performance of people engaged in the tasks

    Management includes: arranging, conductingdiscussions and meetings during whichdecisions are made about how work would be

    done.

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    IT enabled companies

    Agile Company

    Highly responsive companies

    Agility comes by making customers perceive

    their products and solutions as solution to

    customers individual problems.Agility comes by collaboration and cooperation.

    Agility comes by expecting and being ready for

    change

    Agility comes by leveraging people and theirknowledge

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    IT enabled companies

    Virtual Company

    A virtual company uses the Internet, intranets,

    and extranets to form virtual workgroups and

    support alliances with business partners.

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    Data vs. Information

    Data: raw facts

    Information: collection of facts organized insuch a way that they have value beyond thefacts themselves

    Raw data is rarely meaningful or useful asinformation.

    To become information, data is manipulated

    through tabulation, statistical analysis, or anyother operation that leads to greaterunderstanding of a situation

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    Table 1.1

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    Types of Information

    Descriptive information What is.?

    Diagnostic information What is wrong

    .?

    Predictive informationWhat would happen if.?

    Prescriptive informationWhat should be done.?

    Goals

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    Attributes of Information

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    Components of Information Systems

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    Why Information System

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    Goals of Information Systems

    Support of

    StrategicAdvantage

    Support ofManagerial

    Decision Making

    Support ofBusiness Operations

    16

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    Components

    Computer hardware platforms: Mainframes,Client machines and server machines.

    Operating system platforms: Software thatmanage resources and activities of thecomputer and act as an interface for the user.Windows operating Systems, UNIX/Linux(servers)

    Enterprise and other software applications:

    SAP, Oracle and PeopleSoft

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    Components (contd..)

    Data management and storage: Databasemanagement software and storage devicesinclude traditional storage methods, such asdisk arrays and tape libraries, Oracle, DB2 etc.

    Networking and telecommunications platforms:Windows server operating systems, Novell,Linux, and UNIX. Nearly all LAN and manyWANs use the TCP/IP standards for

    networking.

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    Internet platforms: The hardware, software andservices to maintain corporate Web sites,intranets, and extranets, including Web hostingservices and Web software applicationdevelopment tools.

    Consulting and system integration services arerelied on for integrating a firms legacy systemswith new technology and infrastructure andproviding expertise in implementing new

    infrastructure along with relevant changes inbusiness processes, training and softwareintegration.

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    IT Infrastructure ecosystem

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    Software program: Series of statements orinstructions to the computer

    1. System software: Generalized programs,

    manages computers resources

    2. Application software: Programs written toperform functions specified by end users

    The Major Types of Software

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    Software Review

    Enterprise Software is

    Application Software

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    Enterprise softwareEnterprise software

    Set of integrated modules for major businessfunctions

    Allows data to be used by multiple functions and

    business processes

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    MiddlewareAllows two disparate applications to communicate toexchange data

    Web server

    Manages requests for Web pages on the computerwhere they are stored

    Software for Enterprise Integration

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    Enterprise application integrationEnterprise application integration

    softwaresoftware

    Ties together multiple applications to supportenterprise integration

    Software for Enterprise Integration

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    TechnologyDr

    ivers of IT Inf

    rast

    ructu

    re

    Moores Law 2x18, $/2-18

    Law of Mass Digital Storage 2x/yr

    Metcalfs Law network power/value increaseexponentially with new users (The number of possible cross-connections in a network grow as the square of thenumber of computers in the network increases. )

    Declining Communication Costs as costs decline,

    users increase

    Standards and Network Effects standards reducecosts, increase productivity

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    Integrating of computing and telecom platforms

    Blending multiple types of clients to function withthe big stuff (PDA, telephones, etc. with network

    systems Grid Computing

    Connecting geographically separated computersto form higher level computing

    Make use of excess capacity

    Hardware Trends

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    Utility computing (on-demand)

    Switch workload to remote, off-load processing

    Led by IBM & HP who created centers

    Autonomic Computing

    Computers configure, optimize and tunethemselves, heal themselves and protect fromoutside invasion

    Hardwa

    re T

    rends

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    Edge Computing

    For web-based applications

    Handles site content, logic and processing at less

    expensive servers near users. Advantages:

    Costs lowered

    Service levels enhanced

    Flexibility without major changes to system

    Takes burden off main systems

    Hardware Trends

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    Hardware Trends

    Cloud Computing

    Cloud computing is a general term for anythingthat involves delivering hosted services over theInternet. These services are broadly dividedinto three categories: Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS), Platform-as-a-Service(PaaS) and Software-as-a-Service (SaaS). Thename cloud computing was inspired by the

    cloud symbol that's often used to represent theInternet in flowcharts and diagrams.

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    Knowledge

    Information is processed data, knowledge isinformation in its applicable form.

    Knowledge is a process. It is dynamic, personaland distinctly different from data (discrete,unstructured symbols) and information (amedium for explicit communication).

    Knowledge Management concerns how theorganization best can nurture, leverage and

    motivate people to improve and share theircapacity to act.

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    Knowledge Management System

    Making personal knowledge available to others

    is the central activity of the knowledge creating

    company.

    It takes place continuously and at all levels of

    the organization .

    Many companies are building knowledgemanagement systems (KMS) to manageorganizational learning and business know-

    how.

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    Knowledge Management System

    The goal of such systems is to help knowledgeworkers create, organize, and make availableimportant business knowledge, wherever andwhenever its needed in an organization.

    This information includes processes,procedures, patents, reference works, formulas,best practices, forecasts, and fixes.

    Knowledge management systems also facilitate

    organizational learning and knowledge creation.

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    What is MIS

    MIS (management information systems) is ageneral term for the computer systems in anenterprise that provide information about itsbusiness operations.

    Management Information Systems (MIS) is thestudy of people, technology, and organizationsand the relationships among them.

    An organized approach to the study of the

    information needs of an organization'smanagement at every level in makingoperational, tactical, and strategic decisions.

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    Objective

    Its objective is to design and implementprocedures, processes, and routines thatprovide suitably detailed reports in an accurate,consistent, and timely manner.

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    Advantages of Management

    It Facilitates planning

    It Minimizes Information Overload

    It Encourages Decentralization

    It Brings Co-ordination

    It makes control easier

    It assembles, process , stores , Retrieves ,

    evaluates and Disseminates the information