THE CRUSADES

Kingdom of Heaven

Kingdom of Heaven

The city of Jerusalem is a holy city for the three western world religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam Jews believe the Temple Mount and the

Western (Wailing) Wall is the location of the Temple of Solomon

Christians believe Jerusalem is where Jesus Christ was crucified and raised from the dead

Muslims believe Jerusalem is where the prophet Muhammad ascended to Heaven

Blame the Romans

The Romans under Titus tore down the last standing Jewish temple in 70

When the Arabs took over, they built the Dome of the Rock over the ruins

Christians did not like the idea of “their” holy city being in Muslim hands

Pope Urban II at Clermont, 1095

Urban II calls for a ‘crusade to retake the Holy Land’ Promises the

forgiveness of sins to anyone who fights in the crusade

Deus Vult: God wills it

The First Crusade

In 1096, the knights of the First Crusade set off

Sacked Antioch in 1098 Conquered Jerusalem in 1099

The Crusaders massacred Jews and Muslims in their sack of the city

Godfrey de Bouillon and the Crusader Kingdoms

Kingdom of Jerusalem

Under Godfrey, Crusader knights built the current Church of the Holy Sepulchre and established the Kingdom of Jerusalem…

By 1145 the Muslims were threatening to take it all back

The Second Crusade

A Complete Disaster

Salah ad-Din

Becomes Sultan in 1174

Known as Saladin, he is hailed as an example of a virtuous knight…

…Probably because he beat the living daylights out of the Crusaders

Salah ad-Din retook Jerusalem in 1187

The Third Crusade

Richard the Lionheart launches the Third Crusade, with Frederick Barbarossa, and Philip II

Frederick drowns, Philip quits, Richard stalemates with Saladin

Jerusalem remains in Muslim hands

The Fourth Crusade, 1202

Pope Innocent III decides to launch the Fourth Crusade Second and Third

Crusades ended in stalemate and failure

Crusaders get involved in a Byzantine power dispute At the urging of Venice,

the knights of the Fourth Crusade commit one of the greatest atrocities in Western History

Sack of Constantinople, 1204

The Sack of Constantinople

For three days, the Crusaders destroyed the Christian city of Constantinople Priceless ancient and medieval Greek and

Roman works were destroyed Relics were stolen from churches The Library of Constantinople was burned

to the ground Unknown works of Sophocles were lost

Women and children were slaughtered Numerous churches were burned

Aftermath of The Crusades

Since 1187, parts of Jerusalem have remained in Muslim control

The Catholic Church and Greek Orthodox Church irrevocably split

The Crusades are still a source of tension between Christians and Muslims today

The massacre of Jews became a regular feature of European life

The Main Event

Write in your Civics notebook, underneath your notes, the MAIN EVENT The MAIN IDEA or IDEAS of today’s

lesson AT LEAST ONE thing you learned

today Any questions you may have