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Keynote Address By Ms Anne Hollonds Director, Australian Institute of Family Studies

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Page 1: Keynote Address · Keynote Address By Ms Anne Hollonds Director, Australian Institute of Family Studies . Discovering what works for families Challenges and Opportunities of Family

Keynote Address

By Ms Anne HollondsDirector, Australian Institute of

Family Studies

Page 2: Keynote Address · Keynote Address By Ms Anne Hollonds Director, Australian Institute of Family Studies . Discovering what works for families Challenges and Opportunities of Family

Discovering what

works for families

Challenges and

Opportunities of

Family Policy in

an Ageing Society

Asian Families Conference

29 November 2017

Page 3: Keynote Address · Keynote Address By Ms Anne Hollonds Director, Australian Institute of Family Studies . Discovering what works for families Challenges and Opportunities of Family

Discovering what works for families Australian Institute of Family Studies

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements to Dr Diana Warren and

Dr Pilar Rioseco Lopez from AIFS for their assistance,

including new analysis of data for this presentation.

The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and may not

reflect the views of the Australian Institute of Family Studies or the

Australian Government.

Page 4: Keynote Address · Keynote Address By Ms Anne Hollonds Director, Australian Institute of Family Studies . Discovering what works for families Challenges and Opportunities of Family

Discovering what works for families Australian Institute of Family Studies

World Health Organisation

2002

“The time to act is now”

Page 5: Keynote Address · Keynote Address By Ms Anne Hollonds Director, Australian Institute of Family Studies . Discovering what works for families Challenges and Opportunities of Family

Discovering what works for families Australian Institute of Family Studies

Demographic overview

3244

3143

34 33 38

22 2733

21

6352

6252

59 60 57

6865

59

63

5 4 8 6 7 7 6 11 8 716

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Age composition of population, 2000

0-14 15-59 60+

19 24 20 23 20 20 2014 17 20 18

57

6458

6359 59 60

5156

5754

2412

2213

21 22 2035

27 24 28

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Age composition of population, 2050

0-14 15-59 60+

Page 6: Keynote Address · Keynote Address By Ms Anne Hollonds Director, Australian Institute of Family Studies . Discovering what works for families Challenges and Opportunities of Family

Discovering what works for families Australian Institute of Family Studies

The ageing population: a

challenge or opportunity?

• Proportion of Australians

aged 65 and over:

currently 13% and

expected 25% by 2056

• Population is ageing faster

in Asia

• Everywhere the number of

“working age” people is

shrinking in comparison

• “How will we pay for all

these elderly people”?

Page 7: Keynote Address · Keynote Address By Ms Anne Hollonds Director, Australian Institute of Family Studies . Discovering what works for families Challenges and Opportunities of Family

Discovering what works for families Australian Institute of Family Studies

Perspectives on Family Policy

and Ageing

Page 8: Keynote Address · Keynote Address By Ms Anne Hollonds Director, Australian Institute of Family Studies . Discovering what works for families Challenges and Opportunities of Family

Discovering what works for families Australian Institute of Family Studies

The Australian Retirement

Income System

Page 9: Keynote Address · Keynote Address By Ms Anne Hollonds Director, Australian Institute of Family Studies . Discovering what works for families Challenges and Opportunities of Family

Discovering what works for families Australian Institute of Family Studies

The Australian Retirement

Income System

Policy reform aims to:

• Increase mature age

labour force participation

• Provide higher levels of

savings and a better

standard of living in

retirement

• Reduce reliance on the

Age Pension as the main

source of retirement

income

Page 10: Keynote Address · Keynote Address By Ms Anne Hollonds Director, Australian Institute of Family Studies . Discovering what works for families Challenges and Opportunities of Family

Discovering what works for families Australian Institute of Family Studies

Gender gap in

retirement savings

Three main causes of the gender gap in superannuation savings:

1. The gender–wage gap: On average, men earn more than women.

In 2015, the full-time gender pay gap was 18%.

2. Time out of paid employment: Women are more likely to take

time out of paid employment to care for children or other family

members.

3. Differences in working hours: Women are also more likely to

work part-time because of caring responsibilities.

These factors combine to increase the gender difference in

superannuation savings over time, due to the compounding effect of

accumulating returns on superannuation.

Page 11: Keynote Address · Keynote Address By Ms Anne Hollonds Director, Australian Institute of Family Studies . Discovering what works for families Challenges and Opportunities of Family

Discovering what works for families Australian Institute of Family Studies

0

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

600000

700000

800000

30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65

Exp

ect

ed

Su

pe

ran

nu

atio

n B

alan

ce (

$)

Age

Man: Continuous full-time employment

Woman: Continuousfull-time employment

Woman: 5 year careerbreak, then full-time

Woman: 1 year careerbreak, then part-time

Woman: 5 year careerbreak, then part-time

Woman: 1 year careerbreak, then full-time

$425K

The superannuation

gender gap

$751K

$611K

$326K

$584K

$487K

$384K

Page 12: Keynote Address · Keynote Address By Ms Anne Hollonds Director, Australian Institute of Family Studies . Discovering what works for families Challenges and Opportunities of Family

Discovering what works for families Australian Institute of Family Studies

Trends in mature age labour

force participation

Mature age labour force participation currently highest on record:

more women participating and fewer men leaving the workforce

Page 13: Keynote Address · Keynote Address By Ms Anne Hollonds Director, Australian Institute of Family Studies . Discovering what works for families Challenges and Opportunities of Family

Discovering what works for families Australian Institute of Family Studies

Reasons why

• Those approaching retirement are healthier and better

educated

• Higher expectations about living standards

• Superannuation as incentive to delay retirement

• Increased demand for older workers

• Fewer children/more access to childcare and maternity

leave: women staying in workforce

• Pressure from inadequate retirement savings (after the

Global Financial Crisis)

Page 14: Keynote Address · Keynote Address By Ms Anne Hollonds Director, Australian Institute of Family Studies . Discovering what works for families Challenges and Opportunities of Family

Discovering what works for families Australian Institute of Family Studies

How to maintain good health

at older ages?

1. Physical activity 2. Social engagement

Page 15: Keynote Address · Keynote Address By Ms Anne Hollonds Director, Australian Institute of Family Studies . Discovering what works for families Challenges and Opportunities of Family

Discovering what works for families Australian Institute of Family Studies

Physical activity and health

• Adults who are physically active have lower rates of all-cause

mortality, coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke, type 2

diabetes, metabolic syndrome, colon and breast cancer, and

depression

• Physical inactivity makes the second largest contribution to the cancer

burden in Australia (behind tobacco smoking)

• The total annual economic cost of physical inactivity in Australia has

been estimated at $13.8 billion

However:

• Only one-third of children, and 1 in 10 young people meet the physical

activity recommendation for their age group

• 60% of adults did less than the recommended 30 minutes of moderate

intensity physical activity per day. (Aust Health Survey 2012)

Page 16: Keynote Address · Keynote Address By Ms Anne Hollonds Director, Australian Institute of Family Studies . Discovering what works for families Challenges and Opportunities of Family

Discovering what works for families Australian Institute of Family Studies

Adults who engage in regular physical

activity are more likely to be in good

health

17%

3% 2%

27%

19%9%

33%

35%

31%

17%

36%

42%

6% 8%16%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Not at all 1-2 times a week or less 3 times a week or more

Self-assessed health by level of physical activity adults aged 50-54

Excellent

Very good

Good

Fair

Poor

Source: Self-completed questionnaire HILDA Wave 1, adults aged 50-54, weighted.

Page 17: Keynote Address · Keynote Address By Ms Anne Hollonds Director, Australian Institute of Family Studies . Discovering what works for families Challenges and Opportunities of Family

Discovering what works for families Australian Institute of Family Studies

Adults physically active at younger ages

more likely to be physically active later in

life

Source: Self-completed questionnaire HILDA Waves 1 and 15, weighted.

36%

11% 6%

38%

50%

37%

26%39%

57%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Not at all 1-2 times a week orless

3 times a week ormore

Physical activity at age 30-34

Physical activity at age 45-49 by level of physical activity at age 30-34

15 years later "3 times aweek or more"

15 years later "1-2 times aweek or less"

15 years later "Not at all"48%

17%8%

33%

48%

30%

18%

36%

62%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Not at all 1-2 times a week orless

3 times a week ormore

Physical activity at age 50-54

Physical activity at age 65-69 by level of physical activity at age 50-54

Page 18: Keynote Address · Keynote Address By Ms Anne Hollonds Director, Australian Institute of Family Studies . Discovering what works for families Challenges and Opportunities of Family

Discovering what works for families Australian Institute of Family Studies

Social engagement and health

• Strong social networks are

associated with survival in older

Australians

• The effect of social relationships

on survival is stronger than the

negative effects of drinking

alcohol excessively and the lack

of physical activity

• Older adults are at higher risk of

social isolation than other

groups. Around 20% of older

Australians are socially isolated

Page 19: Keynote Address · Keynote Address By Ms Anne Hollonds Director, Australian Institute of Family Studies . Discovering what works for families Challenges and Opportunities of Family

Discovering what works for families Australian Institute of Family Studies

Females engage in social activities

more regularly than males

55%64% 63% 66% 68% 74%

33%28% 27%

27% 25% 20%

12% 9% 10% 6% 7% 6%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75+

Females

47% 49%58%

51%60%

47%

36% 33%

34%37%

30%

36%

18% 18%8% 12% 10%

17%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75+

Males

Once/twiceevery 3months orless

1 to 3 times amonth

Once a weekor more

Frequency of social activities with family and friends who do not live with you, by age

Source: Self-completed questionnaire HILDA Wave 1, adults aged 50 or over, weighted.

Page 20: Keynote Address · Keynote Address By Ms Anne Hollonds Director, Australian Institute of Family Studies . Discovering what works for families Challenges and Opportunities of Family

Discovering what works for families Australian Institute of Family Studies

Adults who have been socially active in

the past, are more likely to continue

regular social activities later in life

Source: Self-completed questionnaire HILDA Waves 1 and 15, weighted.

51%

32%17%

38%

45%

48%

11%22%

35%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Once a week ormore

2-3 times a monthor less

Once/twice every 3months or less

Social acvities at age 30-34

Social activities at age 45-49 by level of social activity at age 30-34

15 years later"Once/twice every 3months or less"

15 years later "2-3 timesa month or less"

15 years later "Once aweek or more"

69%

47%36%

25%

45%

38%

6% 8%

27%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Once a week ormore

2-3 times a monthor less

Once/twice every 3months or less

Social acvities at age 50-54

Social activities at age 65-69 by level of social activity at age 50-54

Page 21: Keynote Address · Keynote Address By Ms Anne Hollonds Director, Australian Institute of Family Studies . Discovering what works for families Challenges and Opportunities of Family

Discovering what works for families Australian Institute of Family Studies

Adults who engage in regular social

activities with family and friends are

more likely to be in good health

6% 4%12%

19% 24%

30%

36%42%

34%

31%23%

21%

7% 8% 3%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Once a week or more 1 to 3 times a month Once/twice every 3months or less

Self-assessed health by frequency of social activities adults aged 65-69

Excellent

Very good

Good

Fair

Poor

Source: Self-completed questionnaire HILDA Wave 1, adults aged 65-69, weighted.

Page 22: Keynote Address · Keynote Address By Ms Anne Hollonds Director, Australian Institute of Family Studies . Discovering what works for families Challenges and Opportunities of Family

Discovering what works for families Australian Institute of Family Studies

Perspectives on Family Policy

and Ageing

Page 23: Keynote Address · Keynote Address By Ms Anne Hollonds Director, Australian Institute of Family Studies . Discovering what works for families Challenges and Opportunities of Family

Discovering what works for families Australian Institute of Family Studies

Household type of older

Australians

Source: HILDA Survey, Wave 15, 2015

31%

12%

5%

29%

10%

8%

41%

35% 11%45%

33%

30%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

55-64 65-74 75+ 55-64 65-74 75+ 55-64 65-74 75+ 55-64 65-74 75+

People Born in Australia People Born in Mainly English SpeakingCountries other than Australia

People Born in Other Non-EnglishSpeaking Countries

People Born in Asia

Household Type, by Age Group and Country of Birth

Couple, no others Couple with children or others Single parent household Other family, no children

Lone Person Group Household Multi Family Household

Page 24: Keynote Address · Keynote Address By Ms Anne Hollonds Director, Australian Institute of Family Studies . Discovering what works for families Challenges and Opportunities of Family

Discovering what works for families Australian Institute of Family Studies

Who do your parents live with?

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

AUS MESB Asia NESB - Other AUS MESB Asia NESB - Other AUS MESB Asia NESB - Other

Parents live together Mother Only (Separated or Widowed) Father Only (Separated or Widowed)

Parents' living situation, by country of birth (individuals aged 50+)

Live independently Supported livng Nursing Home With me With my sibling(s) With other relatives With someone else

Source: HILDA Survey, Wave 15, 2015

Page 25: Keynote Address · Keynote Address By Ms Anne Hollonds Director, Australian Institute of Family Studies . Discovering what works for families Challenges and Opportunities of Family

Discovering what works for families Australian Institute of Family Studies

Ageing in place

• Two in three people aged

over 50 intend to remain in

their current home

• Yet only 38% have plans in

place to prepare for getting

older and becoming frailer

• For those who intend to

remain in their own home:

– 36% have no design

features in their home to

assist frail people

– 29% cannot afford such

changesSource: 2012 National Seniors Survey

Page 26: Keynote Address · Keynote Address By Ms Anne Hollonds Director, Australian Institute of Family Studies . Discovering what works for families Challenges and Opportunities of Family

Discovering what works for families Australian Institute of Family Studies

Ageing in place

• From age 65: 28% of males

46% of females will be admitted

to residential care

• Affordability and suitability of

housing is a key concern:

– Only 25% believed they could

afford costs of aged care

– 40% of respondents did not

know if they could afford their

aged care costs in the future –

underscoring the importance

of retirement planning

Source: 2012 National Seniors Survey

Page 27: Keynote Address · Keynote Address By Ms Anne Hollonds Director, Australian Institute of Family Studies . Discovering what works for families Challenges and Opportunities of Family

Discovering what works for families Australian Institute of Family Studies

The new “young old”?

A new stage of life is emerging between the end of the

conventional working age and the onset of old age

Page 28: Keynote Address · Keynote Address By Ms Anne Hollonds Director, Australian Institute of Family Studies . Discovering what works for families Challenges and Opportunities of Family

Discovering what works for families Australian Institute of Family Studies

What do we know about these

“young old”?

• Relatively good health

• Often still working

• Money to spend

• Want financial security

and flexibility

• They will remain

productive for longer, not

just because they must

but because they can

Page 29: Keynote Address · Keynote Address By Ms Anne Hollonds Director, Australian Institute of Family Studies . Discovering what works for families Challenges and Opportunities of Family

Discovering what works for families Australian Institute of Family Studies

Inequalities

“Inequalities experienced in earlier life in access to

education, employment and health care, as well as those

based on gender and race, have a critical bearing on

status and well being in older age”.

WHO 2002

Page 30: Keynote Address · Keynote Address By Ms Anne Hollonds Director, Australian Institute of Family Studies . Discovering what works for families Challenges and Opportunities of Family

Discovering what works for families Australian Institute of Family Studies

Grandparenting

• Children with a co-resident

grandparent - percentages are

highest among the 0–1 year old

children: 7%

• Non-resident grandparents are

providing a lot of support:

– 40% of kids under 3 years

have grandparent care weekly,

often supplementing other

forms of childcare

– Grandparent child care is also

significant for school-age

children

Source: LSAC; Baxter 2013

Page 31: Keynote Address · Keynote Address By Ms Anne Hollonds Director, Australian Institute of Family Studies . Discovering what works for families Challenges and Opportunities of Family

Discovering what works for families Australian Institute of Family Studies

Page 32: Keynote Address · Keynote Address By Ms Anne Hollonds Director, Australian Institute of Family Studies . Discovering what works for families Challenges and Opportunities of Family

Discovering what works for families Australian Institute of Family Studies

Intergenerational relationships

Page 33: Keynote Address · Keynote Address By Ms Anne Hollonds Director, Australian Institute of Family Studies . Discovering what works for families Challenges and Opportunities of Family

Discovering what works for families Australian Institute of Family Studies

Perspectives on Family Policy

and Ageing

Page 34: Keynote Address · Keynote Address By Ms Anne Hollonds Director, Australian Institute of Family Studies . Discovering what works for families Challenges and Opportunities of Family

Discovering what works for families Australian Institute of Family Studies

Multidisciplinary perspectives

Physical and mental health

Housing and urban/rural planning; Technology

Education and lifelong learning

Employment

Social security

Aged Care services

Family and relationship support services

Justice

Page 35: Keynote Address · Keynote Address By Ms Anne Hollonds Director, Australian Institute of Family Studies . Discovering what works for families Challenges and Opportunities of Family

Discovering what works for families Australian Institute of Family Studies

“Active ageing” - WHO 2002

Page 36: Keynote Address · Keynote Address By Ms Anne Hollonds Director, Australian Institute of Family Studies . Discovering what works for families Challenges and Opportunities of Family

Discovering what works for families Australian Institute of Family Studies

Perspectives on Family Policy

and Ageing

Page 37: Keynote Address · Keynote Address By Ms Anne Hollonds Director, Australian Institute of Family Studies . Discovering what works for families Challenges and Opportunities of Family

Discovering what works for families Australian Institute of Family Studies

Policy opportunities

• Change employment practices to facilitate mature workers’ participation

• Facilitate lifelong learning

• Promote intergenerational support and forward planning

• Facilitate “active ageing” by making healthy behaviours and social participation easy to choose

• Culture change and multidisciplinary action and collaboration required

Page 38: Keynote Address · Keynote Address By Ms Anne Hollonds Director, Australian Institute of Family Studies . Discovering what works for families Challenges and Opportunities of Family

Discovering what works for families Australian Institute of Family Studies

Policy opportunities

• Promote lifelong learning (and earning)

• Promote good interpersonal relationships

• Promote healthy behaviours (physical activity, no smoking, nutrition)

• Promote adaptive capabilities and socio-emotional skills (to deal with change, stress and relationships)

• Structural measures to address disadvantage and barriers due to gender, disability, race and poverty.

• Review employment policies, and workplace culture and practices

• Review housing policies; transport;

• Create safe neighbourhoods (good for young and old)

Page 39: Keynote Address · Keynote Address By Ms Anne Hollonds Director, Australian Institute of Family Studies . Discovering what works for families Challenges and Opportunities of Family

Discovering what works for families Australian Institute of Family Studies

Policy opportunities

Designing “human-centred”

policy and services means

we are interested in the

experience and aspirations

of people, and what

requires change or

adaptation in situations or

circumstances.

Page 40: Keynote Address · Keynote Address By Ms Anne Hollonds Director, Australian Institute of Family Studies . Discovering what works for families Challenges and Opportunities of Family

Discovering what works for families Australian Institute of Family Studies

Page 41: Keynote Address · Keynote Address By Ms Anne Hollonds Director, Australian Institute of Family Studies . Discovering what works for families Challenges and Opportunities of Family

Discovering what works for families Australian Institute of Family Studies

Understanding “what matters most”

Good for young and older

Page 42: Keynote Address · Keynote Address By Ms Anne Hollonds Director, Australian Institute of Family Studies . Discovering what works for families Challenges and Opportunities of Family

Discovering what works for families Australian Institute of Family Studies

What matters most to families in the 21st Century?

Page 43: Keynote Address · Keynote Address By Ms Anne Hollonds Director, Australian Institute of Family Studies . Discovering what works for families Challenges and Opportunities of Family

Discovering what works for families Australian Institute of Family Studies

Advance planning tools in

the Australian context

• Advance planning tools (for eg., executing a will; enduring appointments):

➢ opportunity to exercise choice and control in decision-making into older

age and in the event of loss of capacity in the future.

• Legislation in each state and territory provide for enduring appointments but

there are variations between the states and territories:

➢ ALRC 2017 recommendation: “national approach to enduring

documents”.

• Benefits of advance planning include:

➢ Making arrangements for the management of financial, medical and other

personal matters.

➢ Selecting trusted person/s to support or make decisions.

• However, advance planning cannot remove all risk of of abuse.

Page 44: Keynote Address · Keynote Address By Ms Anne Hollonds Director, Australian Institute of Family Studies . Discovering what works for families Challenges and Opportunities of Family

Discovering what works for families Australian Institute of Family Studies

Who cares for your parents?

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

AUS MESB Asia NESB - Other AUS MESB Asia NESB - Other

Mother Father

Who spends most time meeting the needs of your parent(s)? (individuals aged 50+)

Spouse/partner Me My spouse/partner

My sister My brother Friend/other relative

In-home professional carers Staff members of the nursing home Other

Source: HILDA Survey, Wave 15, 2015