The Nature of Matter

Key TermsKinetic EnergySublimateDepositPhysical PropertiesChemical PropertiesDiffusionPressureAtomCompoundMolecule

Kinetic EnergyThe energy of movement.

Which one has more kinetic energy?

Kinetic Theory of Matter

The States of MatterSolid (eg. Steel, ice)

Particles are packed closeNot much kinetic energy

Liquid (eg. Water, bromine)Particles are packed close but able to move

aroundMore kinetic energy than solids

Gas (eg. Steam, oxygen)There is a lot of space between particlesParticles have a lot of kinetic energy

Changing State

Latent HeatWhen a substance changes state, it may

absorb heat energy without changing temperature.

Eg. It takes 4.2 Joules of energy to make 1 gram of water 1°C warmer, but it takes 334.0 Joules of energy to turn 1 gram of ice into water without changing the temperature!

Properties

PropertiesPhysical properties

What we can observe and measure without changing the substance into something else.

Chemical propertiesWhat a substance does in a chemical reaction.

Physical PropertiesStrengthHardnessViscosityConductivity (heat, electricity)MalleabilityHeat capacityCompressibilityDensity

Diffusion

DiffusionThe movement of gas or liquid particles from

an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Pressure

PressurePressure

Pressure is caused by the particles of a gas hitting the inside walls of a container.

The more kinetic energy the particles have, the harder they hit the walls, the higher the pressure.

Atoms, Elements and Compounds

Atoms

AtomsIf you cut matter down to it’s smallest, stable

particle, you would have an atom.

There are 118 known types of atom (only 91 of which occur naturally).

An element is a pure substance made up on only one type of atom.

The Periodic Table

CompoundsTwo or more elements that have been

chemically bonded.

Do you see water on the periodic table? Is it an element?

MoleculeThe smallest unit of a compound.

This is a water molecule. What do you think the white sections represent?

Oxygen Hydrogen

MixturesTwo types of substances can be mixed

together but not be chemically bonded.

Eg. If you took some hydrogen gas and some oxygen gas and put them in a test tube they would be a mixture. If you then introduced a flame, there would be a chemical reaction and they would form a compound (water).

Image Credits ‘Solid Liquid Gas’ By Luis Javier Rodriguez Lopez, done for wikipedia, might

be found at my webpage in a future; http://www.coroflot.com/yupi666 (en:User:Yupi666) converted to SVG by User:Tomtheman5 (Own work) http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solid_liquid_gas.svg via Wikimedia Commons

‘Aluminium Drink Cans’ by David Castillo Dominici available at http://www.freedigitalphotos.net/images/Other_Drinks_g65-Aluminum_Drink_Cans_p70291.html courtesy of FreeDigitalPhotos.net.

‘Diamond Jewel Stone’ by Boykung available at http://www.freedigitalphotos.net/images/diamond-jewel-stone-photo-p255503 courtesy of FreeDigitalImages.net.

Blausen 0315 Diffusion By BruceBlaus (Own work) available at http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Blausen_0315_Diffusion.png via Wikimedia Commons

Image Credits ‘Refueling Hose’ by Rawich available at http://

www.freedigitalphotos.net/images/Oil_And_Gas_g393-Refueling_Hose_p51789.html courtesy of FreeDigitalPhotos.net.

‘States of Matter’ by Wendy Adams et al. available at https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/states-of-matter courtesy of PhET interactive simulations at the University of Colorado.

‘Periodic Table (polyatomic)’ By DePiep (Own work) available at http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Periodic_table_%28polyatomic%29.svg via Wikimedia Commons.