Key Factors Related To Traffic Crashes

Prepared by: Shafiullah AtiqzaiUnder the Supervision of: Eng. Malyar Talash Road Design Engineer/NRAP/MoPW Kabul-Afghanistan Emails: tmalyar@yahoo.com malyar@nrap.gov.af Mob: 0093786575033

What responsibility do other road users have towards me? What responsibilities do I have towards other road users? Responsibility for MY safety rests with ME, Regardless of the actions of the others and the conditions affecting ME.

The affect of ageing on your safety Vital driving skills Recognise hazardous situations Decide on appropriate actions Act to avoid a crash

Statisticts for senior road usersAverage number of days' stay by age of road user hospitalised

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The six key safety factorsWeather Light Vehicle Road Traffic Driver How would these factors contribute to safety or crashes ?Why do you think the drivers condition the most critical to your safety?

Road accidentRoad accident prevention and control Accident mainly occurs only due to the fault of drivers or the person

who drives the vehicle.Accident may happen due to over speed without wearing helmet and

without wearing seatbelt when we drive in over speed we lose control easily it is very difficult to slow down mainly in rainy and snowy season it can be controlled by driving at low speed and if the breaks has the ABS.

Road accident• While speaking in the phone please do not talk in the phone while

driving in the vehicle • If you are talking in the phone while driving vehicle please use

Bluetooth or you can also use head phone while speaking otherwise accident may be happen. • While you are talking in the phone one hand of you is busy and how

can you change the gear and also control the wheel by one hand that is impossible and road accident may be happen.

Road accident• With out wearing helmet is the very big headache for the drivers

beacause it may lead to accident. • With out wearing seatbelts while driving in the vehicles and that may

cause death. • Wearing seatbelts don’t allow your head and your body while

accident to hit on switch board and keep your self save. • Signs of traffic signals

Trucks accidents on roads• The main finding of the study was that overall, the percentage volume

of trucks on the road was key in affecting severity of crash, even to the extent that lower traffic volume with higher truck percentage increases risk of fatal accident. An increase of 1% truck volume results in a disproportionately higher increase in severe crash probability.• Truck crashes also cause huge losses in productivity, property and

personal injury.

Trucks accidents on roads

EXPOSURE RISK TO CRASHES

• The overall population of a particular setting determines the exposure risk to road traffic crash and its attendant consequences of injuries and deaths.• All factors held constant, the higher the population, the

higher the risk of crash, injury or fatality• Population is one exposure factor to road crashes• With the increase in population, it is expected that

crashes would increase.

EXPOSURE RISK TO CRASHES (MOTORIZATION)• Motorisation levels in a particular area determines the

risk of road traffic crashes, injuries and fatalities.• All factors held constant, the higher the level of

motorization, the higher the road crashes, fatalities and injuries • Comparison of crashes, injuries and fatalities to the

level of motorization in a particular area is an accepted international road safety outcome rate as a performance measurement of road safety.

The distribution of Fatalities across the Day…• Most of fatal road traffic Crashes occur at between 1700 hours to

2200 hours. The peak being 2000 Hours • Reasons:• High speed traffic • Motorcycles operate in the midst of darkness with no right gear –

reflective jackets hence not seen by fast flowing traffic • Pedestrians cross at the non designated areas and easily get

knocked by speeding vehicles• Drunken Driving, Drunken Riding and Drunken Walking• Poor driving/riding habits & skills at night • Reduced visibility

Distribution of fatalities by Age Group

• The most affected age groups in terms of fatalities was between 20-44 years with the peak age being 30-34 .• This age bracket is the most productive members of the

society• They are high risk group as relates to road safety risk

factors-speed, drink driving, more travel etc

Environment Related Factors• Road Environment. • Road way function class. • Road way number of lanes. • Weather conditions. • Natural lighting conditions.

Road Alignment• Road way alignment plays a significant role in occurrence of ROR

crashes.• The statistics show that among all fatal single vehicle crashes occurred

on the curved roads are 90.2 percent were ROR crashes while among crashes that occurred on straight roadways are 60.2 percent were ROR crashes. • In contrast the occurrence of OR crashes are more freguent on

straight roadways.

Road function class• It is also interest to see if the road way function class makes a

difference in occurrence of ROR crashes. Road function class divided into two parts. 1. Rural roadway. 2. Urban roadway. In fatal single vehicle crashes among those that occurred on rural roads are 80.6 percent were ROR crashes while among those that occurred on urban roads are 56.2 percent were ROR crashes. In contrast the OR crashes were more frequent on urban roadways.

Road way number of lanes• Another factor that is worth investigating is the roadway number of lanes. • Roadway number of lanes divided into four categories. • One or two lanes (divided or undivided).• Three or four lanes (divided or undivided). • Among the fatal single vehicle crashes that occurred on fewer lanes one or two

lanes 67.8 percent (divided) and 76.6 percent undivided were ROR crashes while among the crashes that occurred on roads with three and more lanes ,62 percent (divided), and 40 percent (undivided) were ROR crashes. • In contrast the occurrence of OR crashes were more frequent on roadways with

three or more lanes as compared to one or more lanes both in the case of divided or un divided roadways.

Weather conditions• Weather conditions divided into two parts. 1. Adverse (snow,rain,sleet,fog,smog,smoke, blowing sand or the dust. 2. Good weather conditions(normal or clear).Among fatal single vehicle crashes that occurred during adverse weather conditions 75.5 were ROR crashes,while among crashes that occurred during good weather condition 70 percent were ROR crashes. On other hand OR crashes were more frequent in good weather conditions.

Natural lighting conditions• Natural lighting conditions divided into two conditions.1. Night time condition. 2. Day time condition.Among fatal single vehicle crashes that occurred during night time (8pm-6 am),74.2 were ROR crashes ,while among the crashes that occurred during day time (6am-8pm),66.5 were ROR crashes. In contrast the occurrence of OR crashes are more frequent during day time.

Route planning• Route planning- making the trips you need to make but at times and

using roads and driving manoeuvres that minimize the risk. • Good route planning strategies: • Avoid peak traffic times such as (commuter times and special events). • Make left turns rather than right turns across heavy traffic flows. • Avoid complex and busy intersections if possible. • Avoid travelling when you feel tired or unwell. • When walking to the shops,plan your route to avoid crossing too

many roads.

Slogans of the road Safety• Safety first because accidents last. • Expect the unexpected. • Chance takers are accidents makers. • Hug your kids at home, but belt them in the car. • The essence of road safety is to live healthy. • Safety is key it is up to you and me. • Life is precious so drive carefully.

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Thank you for your attention