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Page 1: KEMO2010. Introduction The body is built on a framework of bones called the skeleton. The skeleton are 206 bones in the human body. It structure

KEMO2010

Page 2: KEMO2010. Introduction The body is built on a framework of bones called the skeleton. The skeleton are 206 bones in the human body. It structure

IntroductionThe body is built on a framework of bones called the skeleton .

The skeleton are 206 bones in the human body.

It structure supports the muscles, blood vessels & nerves of the body .

KEMO2010

Page 3: KEMO2010. Introduction The body is built on a framework of bones called the skeleton. The skeleton are 206 bones in the human body. It structure

IntroductionAt many points on the skeleton bones

articulate with each other by means of joints .

These are supported by ligaments & moved by muscles that are attached to the bones by tendon .

Many bones of the skeleton protect important organs ( brain , heart &vital organs )

KEMO2010

Page 4: KEMO2010. Introduction The body is built on a framework of bones called the skeleton. The skeleton are 206 bones in the human body. It structure

KEMO2010

Page 5: KEMO2010. Introduction The body is built on a framework of bones called the skeleton. The skeleton are 206 bones in the human body. It structure

Definition

A fracture consists of a break or crack in the

bone .

FRACTURE

KEMO2010

Page 6: KEMO2010. Introduction The body is built on a framework of bones called the skeleton. The skeleton are 206 bones in the human body. It structure

Causes Direct force; force is applied to the bone

cause fracture at the point of impact. Indirect force; where force or kinetic

energy, applied to a large, strong bone, is transmitted up the limb, causing the weakest bones to fracture.

Spontaneous or Pathological fractures Occur as a result of disease such as

carcinoma, osteogenesis, Pager’s disease ,infection and muscular spasms.

KEMO2010

Page 7: KEMO2010. Introduction The body is built on a framework of bones called the skeleton. The skeleton are 206 bones in the human body. It structure

Fractures ClassifiedOpen Complicated Closed

KEMO2010

Page 8: KEMO2010. Introduction The body is built on a framework of bones called the skeleton. The skeleton are 206 bones in the human body. It structure

Closed fractureThe first is a "simple fracture (( closed

fracture )). This refers to a

fracture in which the skin is intact and no wound is present anywhere near the fractured area.

KEMO2010

Page 9: KEMO2010. Introduction The body is built on a framework of bones called the skeleton. The skeleton are 206 bones in the human body. It structure

Open fracturecompound

fracture (( open fracture )).

" This term is used

when the underlying skin has been broken or damaged.

KEMO2010

Page 10: KEMO2010. Introduction The body is built on a framework of bones called the skeleton. The skeleton are 206 bones in the human body. It structure

Open fractureThis type of injury

may result in the bone protruding through the victim's skin or as a result of a direct blow that cuts the skin at the time of impact.

The bone itself may or may not be visible in the wounded area.

KEMO2010

Page 11: KEMO2010. Introduction The body is built on a framework of bones called the skeleton. The skeleton are 206 bones in the human body. It structure

Complicated fractureIs a complicated

fracture with damage to associated vital organs and major blood vessels as a result of the fracture .

KEMO2010

Page 12: KEMO2010. Introduction The body is built on a framework of bones called the skeleton. The skeleton are 206 bones in the human body. It structure

Types of fracture Simple fractureSpiral fractureTransverse fractureOblique fractureComminuted fractureGreenstick fracture

KEMO2010

Page 13: KEMO2010. Introduction The body is built on a framework of bones called the skeleton. The skeleton are 206 bones in the human body. It structure

KEMO2010

Page 14: KEMO2010. Introduction The body is built on a framework of bones called the skeleton. The skeleton are 206 bones in the human body. It structure

Oblique fracture

KEMO2010

Page 15: KEMO2010. Introduction The body is built on a framework of bones called the skeleton. The skeleton are 206 bones in the human body. It structure

Greenstick fracture

KEMO2010

Page 16: KEMO2010. Introduction The body is built on a framework of bones called the skeleton. The skeleton are 206 bones in the human body. It structure

Spiral fracture

KEMO2010

Page 17: KEMO2010. Introduction The body is built on a framework of bones called the skeleton. The skeleton are 206 bones in the human body. It structure

Transverse fracture

KEMO2010

Page 18: KEMO2010. Introduction The body is built on a framework of bones called the skeleton. The skeleton are 206 bones in the human body. It structure

6 )COMMON FRACTURE SITE

KEMO2010

Page 19: KEMO2010. Introduction The body is built on a framework of bones called the skeleton. The skeleton are 206 bones in the human body. It structure

6 )COMMON FRACTURE SITE

KEMO2010

Page 20: KEMO2010. Introduction The body is built on a framework of bones called the skeleton. The skeleton are 206 bones in the human body. It structure

6 )COMMON FRACTURE SITES

KEMO2010

Page 21: KEMO2010. Introduction The body is built on a framework of bones called the skeleton. The skeleton are 206 bones in the human body. It structure

signs and symptoms Shock pale, cool, clammy skin rapid, weak pulse nausea pain at the site loss of power & function to limb deformity Edema Muscle spasm associated wound and blood loss associated organ damage

KEMO2010

Page 22: KEMO2010. Introduction The body is built on a framework of bones called the skeleton. The skeleton are 206 bones in the human body. It structure

first aid action for a person with a suspected fracture is Though fractures are rarely life

threatening it is recommended to check and monitor the victim’s airway . breathing circulation and to check for disabilities using your CPR.

KEMO2010

Page 23: KEMO2010. Introduction The body is built on a framework of bones called the skeleton. The skeleton are 206 bones in the human body. It structure

Check responses

KEMO2010

Page 24: KEMO2010. Introduction The body is built on a framework of bones called the skeleton. The skeleton are 206 bones in the human body. It structure

first aid action for a person with a suspected fracture

Treat the victim for shock if necessary.

If the person feels faint breathing is short. rapid breaths, lay the person down with the head

slightly lower than the trunk and, if possible, elevate the legs.

KEMO2010

Page 25: KEMO2010. Introduction The body is built on a framework of bones called the skeleton. The skeleton are 206 bones in the human body. It structure

KEMO2010

Page 26: KEMO2010. Introduction The body is built on a framework of bones called the skeleton. The skeleton are 206 bones in the human body. It structure

first aid action for a person with a suspected fracture.…

Ask questions to determine how the accident occurred and the location of the injury.

This information will be valuable to trained medical personnel upon their arrival.

KEMO2010

Page 27: KEMO2010. Introduction The body is built on a framework of bones called the skeleton. The skeleton are 206 bones in the human body. It structure

first aid action for a person with a suspected fracture.…

Examine the injured area for swelling and/or deformities, lacerations and puncture wounds .

Gently feel along the length of the bone for tenderness, swelling and deformities.

KEMO2010

Page 28: KEMO2010. Introduction The body is built on a framework of bones called the skeleton. The skeleton are 206 bones in the human body. It structure

first aid action for a person with a suspected fracture………

Check the injured extremity for pulse.

A pulse less in arm or leg indicates an emergency requiring immediate surgical care.

KEMO2010

Page 29: KEMO2010. Introduction The body is built on a framework of bones called the skeleton. The skeleton are 206 bones in the human body. It structure

Apply ice packsTo limit swelling and help relieve

pain until emergency personnel arrive.

Don't apply ice directly to the skin — wrap the ice in a towel, piece of cloth or some other material.

KEMO2010

Page 30: KEMO2010. Introduction The body is built on a framework of bones called the skeleton. The skeleton are 206 bones in the human body. It structure

Stop any bleeding

Apply pressure to the wound with a sterile bandage, a clean cloth or a clean piece of clothing.

KEMO2010

Page 31: KEMO2010. Introduction The body is built on a framework of bones called the skeleton. The skeleton are 206 bones in the human body. It structure

Immobilize the injured areaDon't try to realign the bone, but if

you've been trained in how to splint and professional help isn't readily available, apply a splint to the area

KEMO2010

Page 32: KEMO2010. Introduction The body is built on a framework of bones called the skeleton. The skeleton are 206 bones in the human body. It structure

of fracture Treatment Principles

Initial Immobilization: prevents further damageaids in transportrelieves pain Splint them where they lieuse newspapers, magazines, pillows,

scarves, neck ties, belts…things around the house .

KEMO2010

Page 33: KEMO2010. Introduction The body is built on a framework of bones called the skeleton. The skeleton are 206 bones in the human body. It structure

Splinting common Splinting common fracturesfractures

KEMO2010

Page 34: KEMO2010. Introduction The body is built on a framework of bones called the skeleton. The skeleton are 206 bones in the human body. It structure

Ankle Fracture Wrist Fracture

KEMO2010

Page 35: KEMO2010. Introduction The body is built on a framework of bones called the skeleton. The skeleton are 206 bones in the human body. It structure

Hand fracture

KEMO2010

Page 36: KEMO2010. Introduction The body is built on a framework of bones called the skeleton. The skeleton are 206 bones in the human body. It structure

Splinting for a fractured collar bone

KEMO2010

Page 37: KEMO2010. Introduction The body is built on a framework of bones called the skeleton. The skeleton are 206 bones in the human body. It structure

Splinting for a fractured finger

KEMO2010

Page 38: KEMO2010. Introduction The body is built on a framework of bones called the skeleton. The skeleton are 206 bones in the human body. It structure

First Aid For Closed Fracture

Advise the victim to keep still.

support the in juried part with your hands, or ask a helper to do this , until it is immobilised.

KEMO2010

Page 39: KEMO2010. Introduction The body is built on a framework of bones called the skeleton. The skeleton are 206 bones in the human body. It structure

Cont ….First Aid For Closed FractureFor firmer support, bandage the

injured part to an unaffected part of the body.

KEMO2010

Page 40: KEMO2010. Introduction The body is built on a framework of bones called the skeleton. The skeleton are 206 bones in the human body. It structure

Cont ….First Aid For Closed FractureArrange to transport the victim to

hospital as necessary. Treat for shock if necessary by raising

the legs , don't raise the injured limb if this causes the victim more pain.

Check the circulation beyond a bandage every 10 minutes . if the circulation is impaired, loosen the bandage

KEMO2010


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