kayla krasley

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K a y l a K r a s l e y M a n d y S c h a f e r

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Kayla Krasley. Mandy Schafer. History. Created in Detroit, Michigan in 1915. Automobiles outdoing horse and buggies. Early signs were the word “stop” in black on a white piece of metal. Sign to get people to think twice before crossing. Became a more serious sign in the flow of traffic. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Kayla Krasley

Kayla Krasley

Mandy Schafer

Page 2: Kayla Krasley

Created in Detroit, Michigan in 1915

Automobiles outdoing horse and buggies

Early signs were the word “stop” in black on a white piece of metal

Sign to get people to think twice before crossing

Became a more serious sign in the flow of traffic

Page 3: Kayla Krasley

Yellow octagon with black letters

Later changed to red

Used worldwide except in Japan

Only octagon shaped sign on the highway

Must stop and wait for all the intersection to clear

Page 4: Kayla Krasley

Determine community safety

Determine gender differences abiding by the traffic laws

Look at age affects

Page 5: Kayla Krasley

Stop sign into South student parking lot from Bristol Road

Stop sign in front South parking lot by flag pole

Stop sign in front of Giant on Rt. 202

Stop sign in front of Toys ‘R Us on Rt. 309

Divided our data into ½ second intervals

Page 6: Kayla Krasley
Page 7: Kayla Krasley

Categorical Time Stopped

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

Page 8: Kayla Krasley

Categorical Time Stopped

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5

Time (s)

Car C

ount

Car Count

Page 9: Kayla Krasley

Min = 0

Q1 = 0

Median = 0.28

Q3 = 1.14

Max = 4.13

Mean = .70385

Std Dev = .9127

Page 10: Kayla Krasley

Time Versus Gender

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5

Time (s)

Co

un

t

Male

Female

Page 11: Kayla Krasley

AssumptionsSRS

Normal Population or n ≥ 30

Assumed

192 ≥ 30

Hypotheses Ho: μ = 3

Ha: μ < 3

Page 12: Kayla Krasley

t- Test

t = -34.857

ConclusionWe reject Ho in favor of Ha because p-value of 0 < α = 0.05. We have sufficient evidence that the mean time for stopping is less than 3

seconds.

P(t < -34.857 | df = 191) = 0

Page 13: Kayla Krasley

95% Confidence Interval

= (.57392, .83379)

ConclusionWe are 95% confident that the mean time for

stopping is between .57392 and .83379 seconds.

*

Page 14: Kayla Krasley

Assumptions2 independent SRS

Sample size large enough so all

expected counts ≥ 5

Assumed

exp counts ≥ 5

Hypotheses Ho: There is no association between

gender and the time stopped

Ha: There is an association between gender and the time stopped

Time Male Female Totals

0 51 34 85

0.5 12 14 26

1 16 10 26

1.5 9 8 17

2 8 9 17

2.5 7 2 9

3 4 2 6

3.5 3 2 5

4 0 0 0

4.5 0 1 1

5 0 0 0

110 82 192

Page 15: Kayla Krasley

X² - Test

X² = 5.739

ConclusionWe fail to reject Ho because our p-value

of .6764 > α = 0.05. We have sufficient evidence that there is no association between

gender and the time stopped.

P(X² > 5.739 | df = 8) = .6764

Page 16: Kayla Krasley

Assumptions2 independent SRS

nm(pm)nm(1-pm)

nf(pf)nf(1-pf)

popm ≥ 10nmpopf ≥ 10nf

Assumed

(.46)(110)(.54)(110)(.41)(82)(.59)(82)

Hypotheses Ho: pm = pf

Ha: pm < pf

≥ 10 ≥ 10

popm ≥ 10(110)popf ≥ 10(82)

Page 17: Kayla Krasley

z - Test

z = .67619

ConclusionWe fail to reject Ho in favor of Ha because p-value of .2495 > α = 0.05. We have sufficient

evidence that the proportion of males that stop is equal to the proportion of

females that stop.

P(z > .67619) = .2495

Page 18: Kayla Krasley

95% Confidence Interval

= (-.0926, .19062)

ConclusionWe are 95% confident that the difference in proportion of males and females that don’t

stop at stop signs is between -.0926 and .19062.

< < < < < <

Page 19: Kayla Krasley

South needs to be more aware of safety

Saving a life is more important

Watch for pedestrians

One should always stay on their side of the road

Page 20: Kayla Krasley
Page 21: Kayla Krasley

2007 Statistics

Passenger vehicle deaths: 28,933Injuries: 2,221,000

Pedestrian Deaths: 4,654Injuries: 70,000

Each Year200 fatal and 17,000 nonfatal crashes

due to running stop signs

Be cautious of other drivers

Page 22: Kayla Krasley

Speed bump at South confuses drivers

Buses block the stop sign at South

Different techniques with stopwatch

Time of day

Type of stop signs