SUSTAINABLE URBAN DESIGN

Kajang future development

PROF. IR. DR. RIZA ATIQ ABDULLAH OK RAHMAT

Done by:

Hassn ahmed h hassn ID P64139

Malek m a algadi ID P64143

Sarah Hazim ID P65407

ABSTRACT

Urbanization is a complex process of social and economic change whereby a society is

transformed from an essentially rural to a predominantly urban one. While “urbanization”

has to do with metropolitan growth, urbanism is one of the consequences of urbanization.

The purpose of this task is to examine the policies, programs, and practices on

sustainable regional development in Kajang Town and presents strategies to address

identified issues and challenges. This paper commences with an overview of social and

urban trends in Kajang, which leads to a discussion on urbanization and sustainable

development issues.

The rapid pace of urbanization in Kajang poses a wide range of challenges. In

2008, the population was 229,655 consists of 51.3 percent Malays, 38 percent Chinese, 9

percent Indians, and other ethnic group 1.7 percent.

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CONTENTS

CONTENTS PAGE NO.ABSTRACT 2

CONTENTS 3

INTRODUCTION 4

LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY 5

LANDSCAPE AND BIODIVERSITY 10

SECURITY AND SAFETY 14

RENEWABLE ENERGY 18

INTEGRATING TRANSPORT AND DEVELOPMENT 21

DEVELOPMENT ACCESS 25

PARKINGS 32

URBAN DESIGN PRINCIPLE 36

MINIMUM ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT 40

WATER QUALITY AND DRAINAGE 41

AIR QUALITY 46

QUALITY OF DEVELOPMENT 48

CONCLUSION 53

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INTRODUCTION

Kajang, with a population of 229,655 (as of 2008), is a city in the eastern part of

Selangor, Malaysia. This town is also the district capital of Hulu Langat. It is located

about 20 kilometers south of Malaysia’s capital, Kuala Lumpur.

The current location gravity of growth in Kajang would be Sungai Chua. The total

population of Kajang has grown rapidly in the past few years. As of 2004, a few

townships have been developed in Kajang, such as Taman Prima Saujana, Taman Kajang

Perdana, and Taman Sepakat Indah (Sungai Chua). Area surrounding these new

townships is easily accessible via the SILK Expressway.

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1. LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY

1.1. Introduction

The development strategies for next 20 years are focused on Kajang to

become an urban town. The population in Kajang now 229,655 people and set

to increase until 300,000 over next 20 years. This city need to be devised

based on the context of a city is already have a limited space to expand.

1.2. Existing Situation and Issues

Table below indicates the existing land uses by sector based on Majlis

Perbandaran Kajang (MPKJ). This land uses included Hulu Langat District,

Cheras District, Hulu Semenyih District, Semenyih District, Beranang

District, and Kajang District.

Figure 1: Districts under MPKJ

Figure 2: Land Uses under MPKJ

KAJANG DISTRICT

Land Use Category Area (in Acre) Percentage (%)

Residential 30700.227 25.09

Commercial 2169.7024 1.77

Industrial 5963.5418 4.87

Institute (UKM) 1177.3220 0.96

Open Space 5403.9046 4.42

Golf Field 2504.5622 2.05

Enterprise Zone 1392.7813 1.14

Reserved Forest 10725.029 8.77

Agriculture 47796.263 39.06

Undeveloped Land 601.41602 0.49

Community Facilities : a) Education b) Facilities c) Religious d) Cemetery e) Other FacilitiesTotal :

601.416021545.0371113.67897405.5858010829.52913495.247 11.03

Utilities : a) Oxidation Pond b) Pond/Lake c) Sanitary LandfillTotal :

76.11519346.648005306.43553429.19873 0.35

Total 122359.1951 100Table 1: Lands use area by category

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Figure 3: Land uses in Kajang Town

1.2.1. Residential Area

Existing Situation

From Table 1, the agriculture is the largest land use component for all area

under Majlis Perbandaran Kajang. But, at the centre of Kajang Town, the

land uses more on Community Facilities component. Many residential

areas at the edge of town.

Issue

o Rapid growth of residential lands use at the edge of town.

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1.2.2. Commercial Area

Existing Situation

Commercial lands use growth more at the city centre of Kajang. But, there

also have some commercial lands use near residential area. The growth

area of Kampung Sungai Chua has had respectable increase in industrial

and commercial lands use.

Figure 4: Commercial area at Kg. Sungai Chua

Issue

o Slow growth of commercial land uses at area Kajang Utama,

Sungai Sekamat, dan Taman Lingkaran Nur.

1.2.3. Community Facilities

Existing Situation

This community facilities were include education, facilities, religious, cemetery and other facilities. All of these facilities were use in 13495.247 acre. These community facilities centralized at centre of town. When the facilities centralized caused traffic congestion at the centre of town and many people centralized at the centre.

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Issueo Shortage of suitable site for community facilities beside of city

centre of Kajang

Figure 5: Kajang Hospital

1.3. Development Strategies

The strategy of balanced growth across the City, this project will come out

with a fundamental principle. The development strategy is based on the

concept of a hierarchy of urban centers in order to achieve balanced growth

across the city. The fundamental principle that will proposed was the Central

Planning Area (City Centre) would still maintain its role and function as the

business and commercial core of Kajang, and some growth areas were

proposed. Measures shall be introduced to consolidate these centers and

enhance their amenity value to the community as well as to extend the

function of urban centers and improve accessibility. To reinforce these

measures, a strong emphasis shall be placed on integrating development and

public transportation strategies.

Strategies are introduced which are directed towards in proving the living

environment of the City to a level commensurate with that enhancement of the

natural and build environment and the quality housing and working

environment.

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The development strategies that will propose are summarized below:

o Decrease the working, living and business environment of the city

centre

o Ensure complete and integrated city linkages

o Ensure the functional distribution of centers and facilities

o Consolidate the development and enhance the environment of

stable areas

o Consolidate the development and enhance the environment of

major entry points

2. LANDSCAPE AND BIODIVERSITY

2.1. Introduction

Landscape comprises the visible features of an area of land including physical

element such as landforms, living elements of flora and fauna, abstract

elements like human activity and build environment. Parallel with Local

Agenda 21, the diversity of nature is valued and protected. The initiative has

contributed to the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity as well as

to the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits from genetic resources.

Biodiversity boosts ecosystem productivity where each species have an

important role to play and that it is this combination that enables the

ecosystems to posses the ability to prevent and recover from a variety

disasters

2.2. Existing Situation and Issues

2.2.1. Landscape

Existing Situation

In Kajang Town, there have place that do not have any landscape and also

have some landscape. Even there have some landscape at certain place, it

still not enough to sustain the Earth. The landscape at town also not

protected.

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Figure 6: Existing Landscape in town of Kajang

Issues

o Not enough landscape at town

o The landscapes are not protected

2.2.2. Genetic Diversity

Existing Situation

Genetic diversity is divided by two parts which are flora and fauna. Some

of plants become disappeared when the city become bigger and

progressive. Beside that, the climate change like global warming can

affect the plants to grow up. Same with plants, animal also gradually

disappeared when the city become larger. The forest was intruded.

Issues

o Decreasing the growth of flora at the city centre

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o Plants become die

o Fauna will be extinct and have no place to live

2.2.3. Ecological Diversity

Existing Situation

Kajang has a small of species of plants means less variety of crops and

small species of animals not ensure that the ecosystem is naturally

sustained. These flora and fauna have no place to go and most of the place

was replaced with building and roads or other facilities.

Issue

o The population of plants and animals and will be decrease varies

with time

o No place for these plants to live and these animals have no place to

go

2.3. Development Strategies

To enhance the biodiversity aspect, Kajang Structure Plan aims to:

o Do not disturb the reserved forest

o Planted forest at undeveloped land areas

o Do the landscape at town and home

o Build more recreation garden

o Build a garden for those have big yard at home

These strategies are important because biological diversity give benefits to

human such as:

o Biological resources

Food (plants and animals), forest, product, fuel, timber,

pharmaceutical, fish

o Unknown resources

Pharmaceutical, biocides

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o Genetic resources

Enabling us to cross wild species with food or flower species to

obtain improved varieties and hybrids

o Ecosystem services

Providing fresh air, cleansing the water, recycling our waste

o Tourism and recreation

People like to visit natural places as these become rarer.

Figure 7: Garden at home

Figure 8: Garden at home

onions

peas

carrots

lettuces

cucumbers

spinach

potatoes

Live worms

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Figure 9: Garden at home

Figure 10: Fauna that will be protected

3. SECURITY AND SAFETY

3.1. Introduction

Kajang is one of the cities that always have crime cases. Parallel with Kuala

Lumpur Structure Plan, where more cities in Malaysia, a true microcosm of

the country, and it leads by example in the harmonious coexistence of its

multi-ethnic and multi-religious society, Kajang Structure Plan will propose

and take other initiatives to make Kajang is one of the safety city. Over the

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next 20 years, Kajang City aims to build on this achievement to create a

society secure in its community integration and social harmony that does none

the less celebrate the diversity of its culture.

3.2. Existing Situation and Issues

3.2.1. Security and Emergency Facilities

Existing Situation

The provision of a secure and safe environment for its residents is a

significant concern of any major city. In Kajang, more crime like robbery

activities and pick pocket. Police station is supplemented by police posts

and in addition, there is a system of neighborhood watch centre. To

improve safety in the city, the Malaysian Crime Prevention Foundation

launched the Safe City Programmed where the communities themselves

participate in ensuring the security of their areas. Security and emergency

facilities include police station, police posts, neighborhood watch centers

and fire station.

Issue

o High crime cases in Kajang

o Police posts were not there on weekdays and just there on

weekends

o Uneven distribution of police posts

3.2.2. Safety

Existing Situation

There have some places in Kajang that have less safety like in Kajang

Town. It is because many illegal residents that live at Kajang.

Issue

o Less safety in Kajang Town and the center place of residents

3.3. Development Strategies

In order to enhance the city living in safety environment, Kajang aims to:

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o Ensure a safe and healthy living environment that can cater for the

need for all groups of people including the disabled, the

disadvantaged and the aged

o Kajang shall, in consultation with the appropriate authorities,

ensure that sufficient police stations, police posts, and

neighborhood watch centers are provided and adequately

distributed

o Place the closed-circuit television (CCTV) at the place that always

happen crime activities

o The residents must have civic intention and always help people

when they in difficult situation

o The Local Authority Party must do their own job

o Build overhead bridge for pedestrians

Figure 11: Proposed CCTV in Kajang Town

Place CCTV here

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Figure 12: Examples of CCTV

Figure 13: Proposed overhead bridge

Build an overhead bridge for pedestrian here

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4. RENEWABLE ENERGY

4.1. Introduction

Renewable energy is generated from natural resources such as wind, sunlight,

rain, and geothermal heat. In 2006, about 18% of global find energy

consumption comes from renewable. Figure below indicates the renewable

energy by end of 2006.

Figure 14: Renewable energy on the end of 2006

Over half of renewable energy goes to producing electricity. The production

of heat and steam is the next largest use for industrial purpose. Besides that,

renewable fuel such as ethanol, are also used for transportation and to provide

heat for homes and business. The renewable energy plays an important role to

supply the energy. Now, the whole of world talking about global warming that

happen in our world. Global warming is the increase in the average

temperature of the earths near surface air and the oceans since the mid

twentieth century ends its projected continuation. Figure below indicates

increasing of temperature every 20 years and the mean temperature on 1999-

2008.

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Figure 15: Global Temperature and Mean Temperature

This renewable energy is very important because it can control the global

warming and reduce the green affect.

4.2. Existing Situation and Issues

Existing Situation

Up to this day, no renewable energy at Kajang. This is because the residents

do not exposed about the importance of renewable energy and how extreme

our earth if global warming keep on increasing.

Issues

o Do not have any renewable energy sources

o The residents do not know about renewable energy

o Do not have place or space to recycle the energy

4.3. Development Strategies

In order to enhance the renewable energy in Kajang, some strategies are

introduced:

o Build the planted forest at vacant land

o Protect the forest at Hulu Langat District and Hulu Semenyih

District area

o Every resident are encourage to do landscape at yard of their house

o Turn off the light if no one in room and when not needed

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o Use compact fluorescent light bulbs to replace the lamp because

these bulbs can produce same amount of light but using quarter of

electricity only

o Buy products that have the Energy Star label on them. Energy Star

labels are found on over 40 product categories and in the year 2005

alone is responsible for saving consumers over 12 billion dollars

o Use solar power to heat water and pools, cook, and light homes

and buildings

o Use lawn as an air conditioner

Figure 16: Planted Forest

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Figure 17: Compact fluorescent light bulbs

5. INTEGRATING TRANSPORT AND DEVELOPMENT

5.1. Introduction

Integrated transport planning is concerned with the development of broad

plans that address all aspects of the transportation system including benefits

and impacts from transport and impacts within the community. This plan sets

the broad policy agenda required to establish continuous improvement

towards a sustainable transport system.

Integrated Transport Plans priorities and schedule project such as

bicycle plan, walking networks, education initiatives alongside car and truck

based policy. These planning scheme outcome to create urban town,

neighborhood and an activity center, bringing people closer to shops, services

and job reducing the need to travel long distances and using a car.

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5.2. Existing Situation and Issues

5.2.1. Train Commuter

Existing Situation

In Kajang, the main important modes of transportation to the Kuala

Lumpur City Center is using the train commuter. Due to some

circumstances, the location of the commuter station is not strategic

enough. It is located in front of a school.

Figure 18: The commuter station in Kajang

Issues

o It is hard for the user to get to the commuter station unless they

have transport to get them there. The availability of taxis and buses

are unreliable from the Kajang town. Furthermore, during peak

hour, the traffic here will be very congested due to the existing

school in front of the commuter station. This could be very

dangerous to the commuter’s passenger as well as the school

children.

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5.2.2. Buses

Existing Situation

In Kajang town, there are several major buses that operate here. Among

the best is Rapid KL. But, there are not even single bus stands in the town

itself. Most of the time, the driver of the bus will drop the passenger in the

middle of the main road.

Issues

o The main problem here is that when the bus stopped, the passenger

will have to dare to risk their life to cross the road in order to get to

the shopping complex nearby. During any time of the day, the road

was very busy and the drivers sometimes reckless. If they did not

carefully enough, they will hit the bus passenger when they cross

the road. Besides that, when the bus were parked beside the main

roads, it will cause massive traffic jam to the Kajang town.

5.2.3. Taxis

Existing situation

In Kajang, taxis do have specific taxi stand. But due to the excessive taxis

lately, all those were parked just beside the major road. This had cause

several difficulties to other road users.

Figure 19: Taxis were parked near the food court

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Issues

o Due to this reasons, taxis were parked anywhere where they could

be seen by their possible passenger. Other road users need to be

patient with these taxis. Sometimes they did parked double with

other taxis.

5.3. Development Strategies

o Commuter is the main modes of transportation to the Kuala

Lumpur city, so the station should be located nearer to the city so

that the user would not have problems getting to the station.

o The school authorities should provide a traffic guard in front of the

school during peak hour to make sure the safety of the school

children

o If possible, the town council of Kajang should provide a bus

station in the city so that the bus would have a proper bus station

and the level of services would be increased.

o Proper bus stand should be constructed along the way from out of

Kajang to the city especially from Bangi because there are a lot of

potential visitors from here due to the existing of educational

institution such as UKM.

o Public transport should have proper coordination among them.

Excess of public transportation could lead to several major

problems to the city. In order to overcome these problems, the

Kajang council should limit the number of taxis in the city. Besides

improving the traffic condition, it could also helps reducing and

maintaining the quality of air in the city.

o Besides that, Kajang should have Kajang Sentral. A hub where the

all the buses, trains and taxis were gather and integrated together.

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Figure 20: The location of the new Kajang Sentral

Figure 21: Illustration of the new Figure 22: The proposed new commuter

Kajang Sentral train in Kajang.

6. DEVELOPMENT ACCESS

6.1. Introduction

Walking and bicycling are two most environmental friendly modes of

transportation that enhance both personal and social well being. They are also

very important travel modes that provide a seamless transportation system that

includes other modes of transportation such as buses and commuter rail. In

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addition to transportation, these two modes of travel provide many public

access, health and economics.

Effective pedestrian and bicycle network depends on several factors

such as accommodating pedestrian and bicyclist on arterial and collectors

streets, selecting appropriate facilities, creating and maintaining a system of

closely-spaced interconnected local streets and lastly overcoming barriers

such as highways crossing, intersection, railroads and rivers.

Accessibility for people with disabilities means many things raging

from physical access to services and the built environment. The main

provision measure is to adapt rail, bus and taxis for easy access and adaptation

of toilet and waiting room.

6.2. Existing Situation and Issues

6.2.1. Travel Demands

Existing situation

Increased into and out migration have both contributed to the present

traffic congestion in the Kajang town. It is also significant that the

population have grown rapidly by the past few years due to the incoming

of the legal and illegal immigrant.

Apart from that, the high travel demand has increased due to

private transportation especially private cars. As the consequences, the

congestion had worsened during peak hour where the capacity is very

high. This is the time where people come back from work to go home.

Issues

o High travel demand to and from Kajang town during peak hour

and weekend

6.2.2. Traffic Management

Existing situation

Traffic management are aimed at optimizing the existing infrastructure

and improve the flow capacity and to be more responsive to the traffic

demand at different times of the day. Besides that, traffic control measures

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that contribute to the traffic management in urban area including one-way

street system and penalties for illegal on-street parking. Additional

measures that relates to the road safety are through the use of traffic

signage, pavement line marking and barriers.

Issues

o Although a lot of traffic management measures have been done

and to make it easy for the road user, but it is still not enough to

help reduce the traffic congestion. This is because the traffic

demands have continuously increased by day.

6.2.3. Pedestrians

Existing situation

In Kajang, the pedestrian networks were not progressively implemented in

the town. There are not single pedestrian bridges in town. There were also

no zebra crossings around the town. These make it hard for the people to

cross the road during peak hour. The feelings of being hit by the vehicle

coming through were always on their mind.

Figure 23: There are no pedestrian crossings or bridges

Issues

o There were lack of legal pedestrian crossing and also lack of

continuity for pedestrian open space.

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o The security is very loose and illegal immigrant seems to be

anywhere near the backstreet where that is the only ways to the

Plaza Metro Kajang if the people use the public transport.

6.2.4. Bicyclists

Existing situation

Cycling has been incorporated into the housing area and recreational

areas. But in the town of Kajang, bicyclists are rarely seen. The conditions

make it hard for the people to cycle under the hot burning sun. Sometimes,

only the construction workers were seen using the bicycle.

Issues

o Cycling in Kajang are quite dangerous. With all those buses and

private transport on the roads, plus the unreliable condition on the

road, making it dangerous for to use bicycle in Kajang town.

6.2.5. Disabled people

Existing solution

In Kajang, there were not much seen the facility for the disabled people. In

using the public transport, there are no landing ramps for the disabled

people. There were still using steps, this make it harder for the people with

wheelchair or cane stick. Besides that, there are no braille’s sign for

people with low visual impairment.

Figure 24: No speciality for disabled people Figure 25: Improper signage

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Issues

o Lack of awareness among the people in Kajang.

6.2.6. Private Transport

Existing situation

Recent traffic condition shows that the registered car owner had increased

due to the decreasing of world’s oil price. In most of the traffic capacity,

private cars account for the largest percentage of all the motorized trips.

The Kajang council had taken extra actions in order to reduce the number

of private cars enter the town of Kajang. Among the actions are to reduce

the number of parking lots and to increase the rate of parking charges to

the shopping complex.

Issues

o Due to the increase of parking charges, the park operators offers

seasonal parking tickets which are cheaper. This had encouraged

the using of private transport to the town. The willingness to wait

for hours if the car parks are full is also the factors that make this

problem unsolvable.

6.3. Development Strategies

o Redirecting the movement pattern of using the private transport to

the public transport.

o Improving the quality and as well as extending the services for

public transport especially commuter trains and local buses

o Improve the traffic management system by implementing the smart

system.

o Lower the traffic speed limits

o Smaller corner turning radii

o Cultivation of green strips and green trees.

o Improve the existing transportation infrastructure for shared use of

streets and roads by bicycle and motor vehicle

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o Integrating local streets, shared use path and rail-trails into the

bicycle network.

o Putting ramp instead of steps

o Provides layers, well defined signs for people with a visual

impairment

o Improving the access to toilet or washing facilities.

o Ticker gate at commuter station for the disabled.

o Wide doors for lifts.

o Elevators control buttons positioned at heights that are accessible

to wheelchair users.

o Increased the parking charges in town

o Reduce number of parking in the Kajang town

o Increase the price of vehicles sold in Malaysia and also decreases

the number of imported cars and motorcycles.

o Cashing out subsidies and unbundling pricing

Figure 26 : Proposed pedestrian lanes in Kajang

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Figure 27: Proposed pedestrian lanes on a bridge in Kajang

Figure 28 : Proposed bicycle pathway in Kajang

Figure 29 : Proposed bus stand for the disabled people

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Figure 30: Ramps to be used instead of steps

7. PARKINGS

7.1. Introduction

As more and more people owns cars, more parking lots become necessary.

Parking as part of an overall transportation system is one of the crucial issues

of our times. As the number of automobiles increase exponentially, the need

to house them in close proximity creates a challenging design problems.

Unfortunately, parking lots can adversely effect the environment as well as

detract from the community center.

Parking lots should be designed to allow for users and deliveries to

reach easily on site, circulate through the parking lots and exit the site. Clear,

easily understandable circulation should be designed into the project to allow

drivers and pedestrian to move through the site without confusion.

7.2. Existing Situation and Issues

7.2.1. Not enough parking

Existing condition

In Kajang, the parking provided by the council was not sufficient enough.

This could be seen when the peak hour, the cars will be parked double or

where it could be parked. This could cause massive traffic jam due to the

attitude of the drivers.

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Figure 31: Mixed parking between the Figure 32: Doubled parking by the drivers

cars and motorcycles

Issues

o Vehicles which were not parked in the actual parking lots could

worsen the congestion here in Kajang.

7.2.2. Decentralized parking

Existing issues

The parking here in the town were not centralized. Parking were scattered

everywhere in the town. Besides that, there is parking that was not

supervised by the Kajang council.

Issues

o Lack of supervision by the local council.

o Also help to worsen the traffic congestion

7.2.3. Excessive of paved parking

Existing situation

In Kajang, most of the parking was flexible pavement. There is not even a

single porous parking. Sometimes, if the heavy load vehicles enter the

town, the pavement will be damaged. This could bring danger to the

motorcyclist especially during the rainy season.

Issues

o During heavy rains, the surface runoffs could not precipitated into

the ground and enters the drainage system in heavy flow. If the

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rains were too heavy, Kajang will be flooded. These disasters had

happened twice lately. As the consequences, the ground floors of

the Plaza Metro Kajang were submerged. These had cause lots of

financial damages to the businesses here.

7.2.4. Lack of landscape

Existing situation

The parking lots in this town do not have any green trees around it. In fact

Kajang town do not have so much landscape. The trees were rarely to be

seen. Even if there are trees, it is not very healthy and beautiful.

Issues

o Lack of landscape and steetscapes.

o Without the trees planted in the town, the town will be hotter and

this will decreased the number of pedestrian and cyclist. Besides

that, the plants help to filtrate the surface runoff to the ground.

7.3. Development Strategies

o Built a plaza that could place all the vehicles in specific place and

encourage people to walk to their destination.

o Increase the parking charges so that people will use the public

transport and hence reducing the usage of private transport.

o The council should tighten the security and laws so that there will

no longer be illegal parking around the town.

o Paved area could be sized to accommodate expected daily use

which will likely required less paved area.

o Paved only the pathway and utilize porous paving materials in

parking spaces.

o Pervious pavement could be used, such as the grass and gravel

pave lot above to reduce the impact of parking lot runoff.

o Maximizes landscape area along the streets and minimizes overall

impervious area of the land.

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o Green streets frontage manages both public and private runoff.

Building site and street frontage become one integrated space

designed for stormwater management.

Figure 34: Purposed landscaped parking lots Figure 35: Proposed centralized

parking lots in Kajang

Figure 36: Proposed landscaped parking lots Figure 37: Proposed porous parking

lots

8. URBAN DESIGN PRINCIPLE

8.1. Introduction

Urban design principles combine aspects of architecture, landscape

architecture. Public works, transportation system and public arts to create

dynamic urban environment. However with increasing activities of these

disciplines, it is better to conceptualized as a design practice that intersects all

of the aspects.

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The design principles seek to foster good development without

inhibiting design creativity and flexibility. The basic principles of the designs

are contextual sitting, the importance of pedestrian environment, architectural

sensitivity, respect for historic structures and durability of building materials.

These design principles should guides architects and developers and should

serve as a basis to design review committees.

8.2. Existing Situation and Issues

8.2.1. Corridors and gateways

Existing situation

The street to the outer district from Kajang is quite confusing. The signage

and road network were not properly designed

Figure 38: Map of Kajang

Issues

o This condition needed to be overcome in order to promote Kajang

internationally.

8.2.2. Streets

Existing Situation

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In Kajang, especially during nights, the condition of the street are quite

dark. Lack of efficient street lighting make it Kajang is not safe enough

during that particular time of day.

Issues

o Lack of lighting during night

8.2.3. Development Blocks

Existing situation

In terms of development, there are plenty of shopping complexes, schools,

police station, fire station, market, hospital, post office and religious

worship around the town.

Figure 39: Plaza Metro Kajang Figure 40: Billion Shopping Complex

As for the residential area, the mixed-income housing was seen clearly just

outside the town center. For government sector offices such as JKR,

Kajang City Council (MPKj) and SYABAS, all those office were situated

in the middle of the town.

Issues

o During office hour, these areas of town were full with people, but

during night, these places were very quite. These could make

Kajang town a very dangerous place at night where any possible

crime could happen.

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o Other problem is that when emergency cases occurs, ambulances

and fire bridges will be having hard time to go through the

congested traffic due to its location.

8.2.4. Parks and open spaces

Existing situation

In Kajang, there are no parks here. The town does not have green area to

be made as recreational parks.

Issues

o Lack of green areas

o Discourage the attitude for exercising for the people in Kajang

o Increase the hot temperature during day time.

8.2.5. Landmarks

Existing situation

Kajang is famous for its “Sate Hj Samuri”. But the restaurant were located

in the middle of busy roads

Issues

o Lack of specific monument representing Kajang town

8.3. Development Strategies

o The major corridors that relatives to the building must be identified

preserved and enhanced.

o Gateways are the main zones of the Kajang city that could make

people realize that they were entering the Kajang town.

o Implementation the suitable hardscape, softscape street furniture

and signage.

o High quality of street lighting creates scene of safety for the users.

o Streets comprise the greatest portion of the town and dominate the

sense of traveling public and the pedestrian.

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o Require to create flexible development blocks which can support

mixed-use including entertainment, office, retail, education,

recreation and mixed-income housing.

o Design public spaces “ Kajang Theme Park “ and parks which

create memorable addresses and animate Kajang

o Installation of fountains, sculptures, water gardens and special

lighting that can contribute to the life of Kajang and make the

experience more meaningful.

o Besides that, Kajang council also could built a recreational park

where all sorts of activity could be done such as camping, boating,

fishing and picnicking.

o Built up a statue or monument that could represent Kajang town to

the visitors.

Figure 41: Proposed Kajang Theme Park Figure 42: Proposed Theme Park for Kajang

Kajang Theme Park

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Figure 43: Proposed Water Front in Kajang Figure 42: Proposed landmarks for Kajang

Figure 44: Proposed highways in Kajang Figure 45: Proposed intersection

9. MINIMUM ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT DUE TO SURGE IN TRAVEL

DEMANDS

9.1. Introduction

Kajang already exhibit many problems associated with unmanaged

urbanization such as pollution, inadequate water supply, weak sewerage

infrastructure, waste disposal, high crime rates, foreigners, and traffic

congestion. Population growth and migration has also result in the premature

conversion of productive agriculture land, for residential and other urban

users.

9.2. Existing Situation and Issues

9.2.1. Air Pollution

Issues

o Most of the facilities are available at the center of the City which

makes people focus on the Kajang Town. This situation will cause

high density of private cars which result on traffic congestion, noise,

and air pollution

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9.2.2. Poor drainage system

Issues

o The attitude of some people which always throw rubbish into the

drain which result clogged up in the drain.

o Flooding will occur when there is a heavy downpour in the city

9.3. Development Strategies

In order to enhance the problems, our aim is to:

o Do maintenance to the sewerage system to prevent from flood

problem.

o Maintaining the flow capacity of the rivers and ensuring there is no

clogging.

o The feasibility of constructing gross suspended solid traps upstream

and at other strategic locations to collect waste and reduced clogging

should be investigated to provide more effective long-term measures

to prevent flooding

10. WATER QUALITY AND DRAINAGE

10.1. Introduction

The City environment includes, on the other hand, the quantifiable aspects of

the ambient environment such as air, water quality and noise level and less

measurable visual and sensual aspects of city space and amenities. It is also an

important component of the quality of life that the city can afford its

population and contributes to the overall image and identify of the city.

10.2. Existing Situation and Issues

10.2.1. Poor Water Quality

Issues

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o Sungai Langat have massive suspended solid loading as is evident

from their muddy colour. A major contribution to the situation is

the discharge of silt from construction site.

o Water Quality Index for Sungai Langat is in poor condition that

requires special treatment.

Figure 46: View of Sungai Langat

10.2.2. Flood Prone Area

Issues

o Flooding has been a regular occurrence in Kajang Town whenever

there is a heavy downpour especially in City Centre. These

frequent flash floods disrupt the City functioning, damage

property, and threaten human lives.

o The development of structures within the river reserves has further

reduced the flow capacity of the city’ rivers thus, increasing the

likelihood of flooding.

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Figure 47: Flood occurs in Kajang Town

10.2.3. Poor Drainage System

Issueso The attitude of some people who liked to throw rubbish that caused

the drain clogged up.

Figure 48: Drainage system in Kajang Town

10.3. Development Strategies

In order to enhance the problems, our aim is to:

o Do maintenance to the sewerage system to prevent from flood

problem.

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o Maintaining the flow capacity of the rivers and ensuring there is no

clogging.

o The feasibility of constructing gross suspended solid traps upstream

and at other strategic locations to collect waste and reduced clogging

should be investigated to provide more effective long-term measures

to prevent flooding.

Figure 49: Quality drainage system to prevent from flood problems

Figure 50: Improvement of drainage system in Kajang.

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Figure 51: Proposed of Base and Drainage System in Kajang

11. AIR QUALITY

11.1. Introduction

Based on the Malaysia Environmental Quality Report 2006, the Air Pollutant

Index (API) showed that the air quality for Kajang is moderate (API 51-100)

most of the time. As state in Draft Structure Plan Kuala Lumpur 2020, “Clean

air” is a prerequisite for good quality of human life as well as for the health of

animals and the evidence of damage to plants, soils and buildings. City

Planner must ensure that the infrastructure must also ensure that the

infrastructure, environment, city, management and cultural, social community

facilities meet the highest expectations of the majority of its residents, visitors

and investors.

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11.2. Existing Situation and Issues

Issues

o ‘Unhealthy’ air quality conditions were occasionally recorded in

Kajang and were mainly due to presence of high levels of ozone,

formed by the reaction of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile

compounds (VOCs) emitted from motor vehicles and industrial

resource, react in the presence of sunlight and heat.

o The main sources of air pollution in the City are open burning,

emission from motor vehicles and construction work, together with the

minor contribution from industries in the fringe areas of the City. The

deterioration of air quality can be a serious hazard to human health

leading to respiratory diseases as well as a reduction in visibility.

o The five major pollutants in the ambient air, namely, suspended

particulate matters (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide

(NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3).

11.3. Development Strategies

In order to enhance the quality of life in the City to a level commensurate with

its vision to be a sustainable city, our aim is to:

o Create a tropical Garden City sensitive to it natural site and

appropriate to its tropical regional location.

o Continue to maintain a judicious balance between development,

ecology and national heritage.

o Enhance a city living environment.

o Attain an environment which is free from the major forms of pollution.

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Figure 52: Design of Tropical Garden City

12. QUALITY OF DEVELOPMENT

12.1. Introduction

Quality of life encompasses the fulfillment of all human needs such as

satisfactory standard of material life, health, education, security, the

satisfaction of living in a clean environment as well as the enjoyment of the

aesthetic and the spiritual. For the individual, a prerequisite of a good quality

of life is an adequate income, sufficient to permit access to the facilities that

the city can provide.

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12.2. Existing Situation and Issues

12.2.1. Shopping

Issues

o Kajang has a number of new and old shopping complexes. The

Billion Shopping Center in Kajang town has been around for more

than 20 years. It was located in the heart of Kajang town. Metro

Kajang and Metro Point are other shopping complexes in Kajang.

o There has been a recent boom of new hypermarkets in Kajang.

Giant was the first hypermarket in Kajang. Tesco Kajang, which is

located at Saujana Impian, nearby Giant hypermarket, was the

second hypermarket. Also, Jusco Balakong is around 5 minutes

away from Jalan Cheras of Saujana Impian

Figure 53: Shopping complexes

12.2.2. Facilities and Amenities

Issues

o Public hospitals found within and around Kajang town are Hospital

Kajang, Hospital Kajang, and Hospital Putrajaya. There are also

medical centers functioning 24 hours such as Kajang Plaza

Medical Centre (KPMC) and Kajang Specialist Hospital (KPJ)

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o The Hulu Langat District Police Headquarters are also located in

the town centre, near the stadium and MPKj main office. Other

facilities include the post office, government clinics, a stadium, a

wet market and several government departments including the

National Registration Department, Immigration Department and

Hulu Langat Education Office

Figure 54: Facilities in Kajang

12.2.3. Education

Issues

o Kajang is a town

surrounded by many

schools, mainly

SMAP Kajang,

Kajang High School,

SMK Yu Hua Kajang,

SMK Sultan Abdul

Aziz Shah Kajang and

many more. Kajang

High School is

reported to be one of

the oldest schools in Kajang. There are also few private schools

located within Kajang namely Sri ABIM, Al-Amin, and Sri

Ayesha

o Kajang also has a few institutions of higher learning. One of the

universities located near Kajang is Universiti Tenaga Nasional

(UNITEN). Another, National University of Malaysia (UKM) is

nearby Bangi, is one of the largest national universities

12.2.4. Food and Tourism

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Issues

o Kajang is famous for its Sate Kajang, a form of skewered

barbequed meat. Informally, Kajang is known as the ‘Sate Town’

and it is famous among tourist and locals alike. The famous place

to eat satay is Haji Samuri which has a huge restaurant next to the

local stadium as well as Malaysia Restaurant which is located near

Plaza Metro Kajang.

o Though Kajang is a well-known tourist destination for satay,

tourists rarely stay overnight. Hence, accommodation is not readily

available. The most notable is Metro Inn which is located

approximately 2 kilometers from the heart of Kajang town. Other

hotels in Kajang are New City Hotel and Crystal Oriental Hotel

which are located approximately 2 kilometers from the heart of

Kajang town. Uptown Hotel is located apposite Metro Point

12.3. Development Strategies

In line with the vision of a World-Class City, the objectives related to quality

of life are to:

o Provide opportunities and facilities for residents to attain economic

and social progress.

o Provide a clean, pleasant, and save living environment and access

to high quality community and cultural facilities as well as public

services that are supported by efficient infrastructures.

o Create different types of public transport. For example, boat to

encourage people to use public transport than private cars.

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Figure 55: Cruise

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CONCLUSION

As a conclusion, the public participation should assist in achieving sustainable

development in optimal utilization of available resources. The concept of eco-partnership

which places emphasis on the concerted efforts of various stakeholders such as private

enter prices, various government agencies and community based and non governmental

organizations (CBOs and NGOs) to carry out study activities aimed at increasing public

awareness on sustainable environment should be promoted and enhanced. The public

should also be encouraged to adopt the 3R concept of ‘Reduce, Reuse, Recycle’

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