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JUST THE FACTS! NCLEX-RN REVIEW SUPPLEMENTAL WORKBOOK

Course Objectives:

This workbook is used to supplement the NCLEX review session with understanding of the physiological principles related to the human body and the pathology of the most common diseases found within the adult population. Throughout this review, special considerations addressing vulnerable populations and various ethnic groups will be discussed. Students are expected to integrate comprehensive knowledge gained from previous courses and contribute to in class discussions. The knowledge gained from this course will assist the student in preparing for the Registered Nurse (RN) National Counsel Licensure Examination (NCLEX)®. Day I: Cardiovascular System Disorders Learning goals/Student Objectives:

Upon completion of this unit, the student will be able to:

1. Describe the structure and homodynamics of the heart and its functions as the center of the cardiovascular system.

2. Explain how complications of the blood vessels of the heart may lead to serious disorders.

3. Describe how nerve impulses travel through the heart to maintain heartbeat. 4. Describe the phases of the heartbeat. 5. Explain the factors that affect heart rate. 6. List and explain the risk factors involve in heart disease. 7. Define common disorders and medical terminology and conditions associated with the

heart. 8. Identify pertinent nursing diagnosis. 9. Discuss the nursing process and implications for patient care.

Day I: Respiratory System Disorders Learning goals/Student Objectives:

Upon completion of this unit, the student will be able to:

• Identify the organs of the respiratory system. • Review acid-base imbalances. • Describe the structure of the lungs and the role of respiration. • Explain how inspiration and expiration take place. • Explain how oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the lungs and blood and

between blood and body cells. • Describe how the blood transports oxygen and carbon dioxide.

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• Define common disorders and medical terminology associated with the respiratory system.

• Identify pertinent nursing diagnosis. • Discuss the nursing process and implications for patient care.

Day II: Endocrine, Hematologic & Immune System Disorders Learning goals/Student Objectives:

Upon completion of this unit, the student will be able to:

• Discuss the importance of the endocrine system in regulating homeostasis. • Describe how hormones act on body cells. • Explain how the levels of hormone in the blood are regulated. • Describe the location and function of the endocrine • Explain how the pituitary gland is related to the hypothalamus of the brain. • Describe how the body responds to stress and explain how stress and disease are related. • Review of basic function of the immune system • Differentiate between antibodies and antigens • Describe the function of the major organs involved in the immunity process • Differentiate between acquired immunity and artificial immunity • Define the role T-cells and B-Cells • Identify common medical disorders and terminology associated with the hematologic and

immune system. • Identify pertinent nursing diagnosis. • Discuss the nursing process and implications for patient care.

Day II: Musculoskeletal & Integumentary System Disorders Learning Goals/Student Objectives:

Upon completion of this unit, the student will be able to:

• Describe the structure and function of the musculoskeletal system • Describe the structure and function of the integumentary system • Identify the layers of the skin and the stages of burns • List and explain the risk factors involve in heart disease. • Define common disorders and medical terminology and conditions associated with the

musculoskeletal and integumentary system. • Identify pertinent nursing diagnosis. • Discuss the nursing process and implications for patient care.

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Day III: Nervous System Disorders Learning Goals/Student Objectives:

Upon completion of this unit, the student will be able to:

• Describe the main characteristics of the nervous system. • Compare the somatic and autonomic nervous system. • Describe the functions of the central nervous system. • Identify the 12 cranial nerves and their function. • Explain the sympathetic and parasympathetic response. • Identify common medical disorders and terminology associated with the nervous system. • Identify pertinent nursing diagnosis. • Discuss the nursing process and implications for patient care.

Day III: Genitourinary & Gastrointestinal Disorders Learning Goals/Student Objectives:

Upon completion of this unit, the student will be able to:

• List the organs of the urinary system and describe how they help to maintain homeostasis.

• Describe how the kidneys function to filter blood and regulate volume, chemical composition, and pH.

• Review of the 3 phases of urine formation. • Explain the function of the ureters, bladder, and urethra. • Explain the Renin-Angiotension Mechanism. • Describe common disorders, medical terminology, and conditions related to the urinary

system. • Review of basic processes involved in digestion. • Identify the organs that are instrumental in the digestive system. • Describe the various phases that are involved in swallowing. • Explain how and where food is broken down and absorbed. • Define the role of the stomach, small and large intestine. • Explain how the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder participates in digestion. • Identify common medical disorders and terminology associated with the digestion

system. • Identify pertinent nursing diagnosis. • Discuss the nursing process and implications for patient care.

 

 

 

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Day III: Pharmacology Review Learning Goals/Student Objectives:

Upon completion of this unit, the student will be able to:

• Identify key terms, concepts, and basic applications of specific drugs associated with the major health systems.

• Use a systematic approach to studying for the NCLEX. • Identify safe, ethical, and legal principles of nursing in regards to drug administration in

the adult population. • Describe characteristics of select drug groups and identify major issues/concerns in drug

therapy.

STATEMENT OF LIABILITY

The information contained in the workbook has been thoroughly reviewed and checked for accuracy. However, clinical practice is a dynamic process and new information becomes available daily. Prudent practice dictates that the student and/or clinician consult further sources prior to applying or solely relying on information in this book. Joseph Morris disclaims any liability, loss, injury, or damage incurred as a consequence, directly or indirectly, from the use and application of any of the contents of this volume

 

All rights reserved. 2008

 

   

__________________________________________________________________________________________________  S.O.A.R  SERVICES®                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        JUST  THE  FACTS                2    

MEDICAL-­‐SURGICAL    

 

  Description:  

Chest  pain  related  to  decrease  in  oxygen  supply  to  the  myocardium,  may  lead  to  heart  attack  (MI).    

Etiology/Risk  Factors:                  Notes:  1.      Stable,  Unstable,  Prinzmetal,  Microvascular    

2.      MI    

3.      Stimulants    4.      Smoking    

5.      Arthrosclerosis      

Assessment/Monitor/Labs/Medication:  

1.      Tachycardia,  Palpitations, Anxiety,  Dyspnea    2.        P.Q.R.S.T      

3.      H&P Exam    

4.      ECG,  Chest  X-­‐Ray    

5.      CK-­‐MB,  Myoglobin, Troponin,  CBC    6.      Antiplatelets,  Anticoagulants    

7.      Beta  Blockers,  Calcium Channel Blockers Nitrates,  ACE  inhibitors:    

Nursing  Diagnosis:  1.      Acute  Pain  

2.      Decreased Cardiac Output    3.      Ineffective  Individual  Coping    

Nursing  Interventions:            

 

1.      Pain  management    

2.      Monitor  I/O’s,  Vital  Signs,  Post-­‐Op  Stint  Placement    

3.      Teach client to avoid strenuous exercise    4.      Smoking  cessation,  Drug  rehab:  AA,  NA    

5.      Diet  assessment    

6.      Stress  reduction    

Angina  

Other  factors  may  include:  Stress,  

vasospasms,  aortic  stenosis    

Note:  Morphine  is  often  used  for  chest  pain  that  is  relieved  from  nitrates  

P:_____________________  

Q:_____________________  

R:_____________________  

S:_____________________  

T:_____________________  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

__________________________________________________________________________________________________  S.O.A.R  SERVICES®                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        JUST  THE  FACTS                3    

MEDICAL-­‐SURGICAL    

 

  Description:  

A  chronic  cognitive  disorder  that  is  characterized  by  an  accumulation  of  Amlyoid  plaque  and    neuro-­‐fibers  that  tangle  in  the  brain.          

Etiology/Risk  Factors:                  Notes:  

1.      Age  2.      Race    

3.      Gender:  Male  vs.  Female    

4.      Genetics  5.      Downs  Syndrome  

  Assessment/Monitor/Labs:  

1.      3  stages  of  disease  progression  

2.      Stage  I  :  short term memory loss      3.      Stage  II:  Behavior  changes,  agitation  aggression  ,  wandering,  cursing,  etc    

4.      stage  III:  Total dependence with ADLS    5.      Screening  tool:  MMSE    

6.      Autopsy:  Most  definitive  test    

7.        Labs:  BUN/Cr.,  CBC,  WBC,  LFT    

 

Nursing  Diagnosis:  1.      High  risk  for  Injury    

2.      Altered  Nutrition  less  than  body  requirements    

3.      Anticipatory Grief      

Nursing  Interventions:              

1.      Fall  Precaution    

2.      Monitor Bowel and bladder management    3.      Pharmacological:  Aricept,  Namenda,  MVI      

4.      Non-­‐pharmacological:  Music,  Aroma  Therapy    

5.      Symptom  management    

6.      Safety  &  Hazardous monitoring    

Alzheimer’s  Disease  

Safety,  safety,  safety    is  a  major  concern  with  this  population.