JULY 1 LIVE LESSON

1400-1600 AD

RENAISSANCE

BIG IDEA(S)

•  It was the rebirth of interest in classical ideas and culture; both Greek and Roman. • The Renaissance produced new ideas that were reflected in the

arts, philosophy, and literature. Patrons, wealthy from newly expanded trade, sponsored works that glorified city-states in northern Italy. At the same time, education became increasingly secular.

WHY ITALY?

Had access to trade routes

Served as trading centers for the distribution of

goods to northern Europe

Were initially independent city-states run like

republics (*without church control)

EQ | HOW DID THE ARTS AND LITERATURE OF THE RENAISSANCE DIFFER FROM THOSE OF

THE MIDDLE AGES?

Medieval art and literature focused on

the Church and salvation.

Renaissance art focused on

individuals and worldly matters, along

with Christianity

PROMINENT ITALIAN ARTISTS LEONARDO DA VINCI

•  Italian artist • Painted the two most

famous paintings in the world • Mona Lisa •  The Last Supper

MONA

LISA

THE LAST SUPPER

PROMINENT ITALIAN ARTISTS MICHELANGELO

•  Italian artist • His most famous

sculptures, Pieta and David, were done before he was thirty. • Painted the ceiling of

the Sistine Chapel.

LA PIETA | 1499 MARBLE SCULPTURE,

CREATED WHEN HE WAS ONLY 24 YEARS OLD.

DAVID

Michelangelo created his

masterpiece David in

1504.

CENSORED

CEILING OF THE SISTINE CHAPEL ROME, ITALY

RENAISSANCE IDEAS HUMANISM

Literary movement

that began in the 14th Century

Believed man was the most excellent of

God’s creatures

Individuals had importance and worth

Fulfillment in every day life

should be emphasized

rather than just in the afterlife

Ideal man should excel in

many fields

Classical writings (Greco-

Roman) should be studied

PETRARCH FATHER OF HUMANISM

•  Italian poet and humanism scholar

• Known for 14 line poems (sonnets) which expressed romantic love and appreciation of nature.

NORTHERN RENAISSANCE WRITERS | ERASMUS

• Dutch philosopher • Notable Humanist writer

• Wrote In Praise of Folly

(1511 AD) • A satire on Renaissance

society and priests.

NORTHERN RENAISSANCE WRITERS | SHAKESPEARE

• English writer • Wrote Romeo &

Juliet (plays, sonnets, essays)

Renaissance

Rebirth of Greco Roman

Literature

Begin in Italy

Idea of Humanism

?

B E G I N N I N G O F A N E W C H R I S T I A N C H U R C H

PROTESTANT REFORMATION

BIG IDEA •  For centuries, the Roman Catholic Church had little

competition in religious thought and action. The resistance of the Church to change led to the Protestant Reformation, which resulted in the birth of new political and economic institutions.

• Essential Question • What were the problems and issues that

provoked religious reforms in Western Christianity?

CAUSES OF PROTESTANT REFORMATION

Merchant wealth challenged Church’s view of usury (loaning $ w/ interest)

German and English nobility disliked Italian domination of the Church

Catholic Church had great political power and wealth

Church corruption and the sale of indulgences (buying forgiveness for sins)

were widespread

REFORMATION BEGINS GERMANY | MARTIN LUTHER

GERMANY 1517

Martin Luther, a monk, writes the 95 Thesis

(95 complaints against the

Pope and the Catholic Church)

GERMANY 1517

Result: A New Form of Christianity is Formed

Catholics in Europe begin to protest against the Church’s corruption.

Gutenberg develops the printing press; prints and publishes the 95 Thesis.

LUTHER’S VIEWS

•  Salvation by Faith Alone •  To be Christian all one must do is believe

Bible is the Ultimate Authority •  All answers can be found in the Bible, not

at Church

All men are equal •  Pope, King and Peasant are viewed the

same by God.

PRINTING PRESS

• 

Bible printed in English,

French and German

Literacy rate rises

Ideas of Reformation

and Renaissance

Spread

Result | Church and Pope Lose Power and Wealth

REFORMATION SPREADS

FRANCE| JOHN CALVIN

• Beliefs

• Predestination – God knows if you are destined for heaven or hell.

• Salvation through faith and work ethic.

ENGLAND | KING HENRY VIII

Wanted a Divorce

Pope Refused

Broke from

Rome and took the Church’s

land.

Outcomes: •  King Henry VIII headed the newly

formed National Church of England. •  Re-sold Church land and began

capitalism.

ENGLAND | ELIZABETH I

• Daughter of Henry VIII • Est. Anglican Church of England but was tolerant of Catholic dissenters

• Expanded and colonized Kingdom into America

1588 DEFEATED THE SPANISH ARMADA

Philip I of Spain

(Catholic) asked to

marry Elizabeth

She Said NO!

He sent ships to destroy her

kingdom… HE LOST!

FINAL RESULTS OF REFORMATION

Division of Europe

REFORMATION IN GERMANY

Princes in Northern Germany converted

to Protestantism, ending the authority

of the Pope.

In central Germany, the Hapsburg family

ruled the Holy Roman Empire under the Pope’s authority

Result | 30 Years War Between Catholics

and Protestants

REFORMATION IN FRANCE

• Catholic monarchy granted Protestant Huguenots freedom of worship by the Edict of Nantes (later revoked).

Thousands of Huguenots

are slaughtered

at the Bartholomew

Massacre.

REFORMATION IN FRANCE

• Cardinal Richelieu changed the focus of the Thirty Years’ War from a religious to a political conflict.

CATHOLICS REFORMATION

COUNTER REFORMATION

Catholic Church was losing Followers and Money

Decided to Reform themselves

3 METHODS OF REFORM

Council of Trent to re-

affirm Catholic Doctrine (beliefs)

Society of Jesus (Jesuits)

to spread Catholicism

Inquisition set up to reinforce

Catholic Doctrine…

punish those who did not

follow it.

POST-REFORMATION GROWTH OF NEW IDEAS – SIR

S • Secularism- turn away from religion to worldly

matters

I •  Individualism (Humanism) - individual relationships

w/ God and individual interpretations of belief

R • Religious tolerance– allow individuals to freely

practice religion

Result| Christianity no long unifying force in Europe