Pregnancy & dietPregnancy & dietOptimum nutrition before, during & after Optimum nutrition before, during & after

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Deffination of pregnancyDeffination of pregnancy Pregnancy is the fertilization & development Pregnancy is the fertilization & development

of one or more offspring, known as an of one or more offspring, known as an embroy or fetus in a woman uterus.embroy or fetus in a woman uterus.

In women who have a menstrual cycle length In women who have a menstrual cycle length of four weeks, this is approximately 40 weeks of four weeks, this is approximately 40 weeks from the start of the last normal menstrual from the start of the last normal menstrual period (LNMP). period (LNMP).

LMP = last menstrual periodLMP = last menstrual period

Stage of pregnancyStage of pregnancy

11stst Trimester TrimesterPre-implantation periodPre-implantation period

During the first trimester your body undergoes many changes. Hormonal During the first trimester your body undergoes many changes. Hormonal changes affect almost every organ system in your body. These changes changes affect almost every organ system in your body. These changes can trigger symptoms even in the very first weeks of pregnancy. Other can trigger symptoms even in the very first weeks of pregnancy. Other changes may include:changes may include:

Extreme tiredness Extreme tiredness Tender, swollen breasts. Your nipples might also stick out. Tender, swollen breasts. Your nipples might also stick out. Upset stomach with or without throwing up (morning sickness) Upset stomach with or without throwing up (morning sickness) Cravings or distaste for certain foods Cravings or distaste for certain foods Mood swings Mood swings Constipation (trouble having bowel movements) Constipation (trouble having bowel movements) Need to pass urine more often Need to pass urine more often Headache Headache Heartburn Heartburn Weight gain or lossWeight gain or loss It’s time to high risk of abortionIt’s time to high risk of abortion

22ndnd Trimester TrimesterFormation of major organFormation of major organ

Most women find the second trimester of pregnancy easier than the first. Most women find the second trimester of pregnancy easier than the first. You might notice that symptoms like nausea and fatigue are going away. You might notice that symptoms like nausea and fatigue are going away.

But other new, more noticeable changes to your body are now But other new, more noticeable changes to your body are now happening. Your abdomen will expand as the baby continues to grow. happening. Your abdomen will expand as the baby continues to grow. And before this trimester is over, you will feel your baby beginning to And before this trimester is over, you will feel your baby beginning to move!move!

As your body changes to make room for your growing baby, you may As your body changes to make room for your growing baby, you may have:have:

Body aches, such as back, abdomen, or thigh pain Body aches, such as back, abdomen, or thigh pain Stretch marks on your abdomen, breasts, thighs, or buttocks Stretch marks on your abdomen, breasts, thighs, or buttocks A line on the skin running from belly button to pubic hairline A line on the skin running from belly button to pubic hairline Patches of darker skin, usually over the cheeks, forehead, nose, or upper Patches of darker skin, usually over the cheeks, forehead, nose, or upper

lip. Patches often match on both sides of the face. This is sometimes lip. Patches often match on both sides of the face. This is sometimes called the mask of pregnancy. called the mask of pregnancy.

Numb or tingling hands, called carpal tunnel syndrome Numb or tingling hands, called carpal tunnel syndrome

33rdrd Trimester TrimesterRapid growth of organ & preparation for labor Rapid growth of organ & preparation for labor

periodperiod Some of the same discomforts you had in your second trimester will Some of the same discomforts you had in your second trimester will

continue. Plus, many women find breathing difficult This is because continue. Plus, many women find breathing difficult This is because the baby is getting bigger and itis putting more pressure on your the baby is getting bigger and itis putting more pressure on your organs.organs.

Some new body changes you might notice in the third trimester Some new body changes you might notice in the third trimester include:include:

Shortness of breath Shortness of breath Heartburn Heartburn Swelling of the ankles, fingers, and face. Swelling of the ankles, fingers, and face. HemorrhoidsHemorrhoids Tender breasts, which may leak a watery pre-milk called colostrums Tender breasts, which may leak a watery pre-milk called colostrums Trouble sleeping Trouble sleeping The baby "dropping", or moving lower in your abdomen The baby "dropping", or moving lower in your abdomen Contractions, which can be a sign of real/false labor.Contractions, which can be a sign of real/false labor.

Reproductive organReproductive organ

Function of reproductive organFunction of reproductive organ

…………..UterusUterus …… …… a. Houses and nourishes a. Houses and nourishes

fetus until sufficiently fetus until sufficiently mature to function outside mature to function outside the mother’s bodythe mother’s bodyb. Uterine muscles propels b. Uterine muscles propels fetus outside.fetus outside.

………….Placenta……...Placenta……..MeatabolismMeatabolismTransport &Transport &enables your blood to pass enables your blood to pass

across nutrients and oxygen across nutrients and oxygen to the baby, and waste to the baby, and waste products like carbon dioxide products like carbon dioxide to go back from baby to to go back from baby to mother. It acts as the lung, mother. It acts as the lung, kidney and digestive system kidney and digestive system for the baby. for the baby.

Reproductive hormone in pregnancyReproductive hormone in pregnancy

EstrozenEstrozen ProzesteronProzesteron Gonadotopic (HCG)Gonadotopic (HCG) OxetocineOxetocine RelaxineRelaxine ProlactineProlactine TostesteronTostesteron

vasopressinevasopressine ErothropoetineErothropoetine THSTHS InsulineInsuline AdrenalineAdrenaline EndrolineEndroline

Physical change during pregnancyPhysical change during pregnancy

tired all the timetired all the timeBreast become biggerBreast become biggerincontinence? (lose control of your blodder)incontinence? (lose control of your blodder)Hair falling off !!Hair falling off !!Increase GFR rateIncrease GFR rateDecrease Gastric toneDecrease Gastric toneIncrease WERIncrease WERWeight gain (11-12.5)Weight gain (11-12.5)Increase blood volumeIncrease blood volumeIncrease BMR rateIncrease BMR rateHormonal imbalanceHormonal imbalanceIncrease toptal water in bodyIncrease toptal water in body

Change’sChange’s

Complication of pregnancyComplication of pregnancy Nausea & VomitingNausea & Vomiting ToxemiaToxemia AnemiaAnemia ConstipationConstipation Gestetional diabete’sGestetional diabete’s Respiretory problemRespiretory problem Over weightOver weight Under weightUnder weight Placental abruptonPlacental abrupton

EdemaEdema AlbumunuriaAlbumunuria Lower back painLower back pain DehydrationDehydration Placenta bleedingPlacenta bleeding DepressionDepression HTNHTN Fetal problemFetal problem MiscarriageMiscarriage InfectionInfection

Cause’sCause’s

Complication Complication

Epidemiology of pregnancyEpidemiology of pregnancy

Nutrition during pregnancyNutrition during pregnancy

Calorie =Calorie = +300 k.cal/day+300 k.cal/day Because of increase Because of increase

hormonal secreationhormonal secreation For developing fetus & For developing fetus &

uterusuterus Extra weight gainExtra weight gain

Protein =Protein = +10-15 gm/day+10-15 gm/day Developing placenta Developing placenta

&uterus, fetus&uterus, fetus For mother healt For mother healt

developmentdevelopment Making R.B.C & blood Making R.B.C & blood

meterial’smeterial’s Formation of child’s Formation of child’s

organorgan

Calcium=Calcium= +500-+600mg/day+500-+600mg/day For developing & For developing &

forming bone for forming bone for maothe & childmaothe & child

Formation of bloodFormation of blood Supporting role for P & Supporting role for P &

vit D metabolismvit D metabolism

Iron (Fe) =Iron (Fe) = +10mg/day+10mg/day produce allthe blood needed produce allthe blood needed

to supply nutrition to the to supply nutrition to the placenta. placenta.

Iron is more easily absorbed Iron is more easily absorbed if it is taken in conjunction if it is taken in conjunction with vitamin C - either as a with vitamin C - either as a supplement or in citrus fruit supplement or in citrus fruit or juice. Tea and coffee can or juice. Tea and coffee can interfere with the body's interfere with the body's absorption of iron absorption of iron

Storage for childStorage for child

Zinc (Zn)=Zinc (Zn)= +11mg/day+11mg/day Zinc is necessary for the Zinc is necessary for the

action of various action of various important enzymes like important enzymes like carbonic dehydrogenasecarbonic dehydrogenase

It is required for protein It is required for protein synthesis and also for synthesis and also for DNAand RNA synthesis DNAand RNA synthesis in body cells.in body cells.

Zinc accelerates the Zinc accelerates the process ofhealing of process ofhealing of wounds. wounds.

Formation of insulineFormation of insuline

Vitamin’s =Vitamin’s =

Function of vitamin’s =Function of vitamin’s = Vitamin’s are group of Vitamin’s are group of

anti-oxidant.anti-oxidant. acts as mediators for acts as mediators for

cellregulation cellregulation They also act ascoenzymes. They also act ascoenzymes. Thus it aids in the Thus it aids in the

transportation field also .transportation field also . Increase immunityIncrease immunity Vitamin B7 also known as Vitamin B7 also known as

biotin is responsible for the biotin is responsible for the formation of fatty acids formation of fatty acids

Formation of free radicalFormation of free radical

Effect caused by free radicalEffect caused by free radical

Antioxidant rich dietAntioxidant rich diet

Role of Omega-3 fatty acid =Role of Omega-3 fatty acid =

omega-3 fatty acids have been omega-3 fatty acids have been shown to be important for: shown to be important for:

the heart and cardiovascular the heart and cardiovascular health health

brain and eye development, brain and eye development, function and health function and health

healthy joints healthy joints alleviating inflammatory alleviating inflammatory

affects and disorders .affects and disorders . Infant who do not get enough Infant who do not get enough

omega-3 from their mother omega-3 from their mother during pregnancy are at risk during pregnancy are at risk for developing vision & nerve for developing vision & nerve problem.problem.

Imaging & optimum nutrition for Imaging & optimum nutrition for pregnant & lactate mother (Soymom) :pregnant & lactate mother (Soymom) :

Soya mom is ideal food Soya mom is ideal food during pregnancy & during pregnancy & lactation period.lactation period.

Soyamom contain,Soyamom contain, DHA-it’s very important for DHA-it’s very important for

the development of brain, the development of brain, eye’s & nerve of the body.eye’s & nerve of the body.

Best quality protein, vit & Best quality protein, vit & min.min.

Improve child growthImprove child growth Overall body receive all Overall body receive all

nourishment for her mother.nourishment for her mother.

So, keep So, keep promoting promoting pregnancy pregnancy wellnesswellness