joseph m. leahy, d.o. medical director, emergency department

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Joseph M. Leahy, D.O. Medical Director, Emergency Department Southern New Hampshire Medical Center

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Page 1: Joseph M. Leahy, D.O. Medical Director, Emergency Department

Joseph M. Leahy, D.O.Medical Director, Emergency DepartmentSouthern New Hampshire Medical Center

Page 2: Joseph M. Leahy, D.O. Medical Director, Emergency Department

What exactly is a stroke?

Rapidly developing loss of brain function due to a disturbance in the blood supply to the brain.

Two types of strokeIschemic – lack of blood flow – usually from a clotHemorrhagic – ruptured blood vessel

Page 3: Joseph M. Leahy, D.O. Medical Director, Emergency Department

What’s the Difference?Hemorrhagic Ischemic

Page 4: Joseph M. Leahy, D.O. Medical Director, Emergency Department

Anatomy

Page 5: Joseph M. Leahy, D.O. Medical Director, Emergency Department

Frontal Lobe DeficitsParalysisInability to sequence a task (making a cup of coffee)Personality changesDifficulty with problem solvingChanges in social behaviorInability to express language

Page 6: Joseph M. Leahy, D.O. Medical Director, Emergency Department

Parietal Lobe DeficitsInability to name an objectDifficulty readingDifficulty with hand‐eye coordinationDifficulty drawing objects

Page 7: Joseph M. Leahy, D.O. Medical Director, Emergency Department

Temporal Lobe DeficitsDifficulty recognizing facesDifficulty understanding spoken wordsShort‐term memory lossDifficulty with long term memoryIncreased aggressive behaviorIncreased or decreased interest in sexual behavior

Page 8: Joseph M. Leahy, D.O. Medical Director, Emergency Department

Occipital Lobe DeficitsVisual changes

Visual field changesColor recognitionDifficulty recognizing drawn objectsDifficulty reading and writing

Page 9: Joseph M. Leahy, D.O. Medical Director, Emergency Department

Cerebellar Deficits

Coordination problemsDizzinessInability to walkInability to reach out and grab objects

Page 10: Joseph M. Leahy, D.O. Medical Director, Emergency Department
Page 11: Joseph M. Leahy, D.O. Medical Director, Emergency Department

Blood Flow

Page 12: Joseph M. Leahy, D.O. Medical Director, Emergency Department

SymptomsSudden weakness or numbness to face, arm, or legSudden confusionTrouble speakingTrouble seeingTrouble walkingLoss of balance

Page 13: Joseph M. Leahy, D.O. Medical Director, Emergency Department

Recognizing StrokeCincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale

Ask person to smile – look for facial droop

Ask person to raise both arms

Ask person to speak a simple sentence

Page 14: Joseph M. Leahy, D.O. Medical Director, Emergency Department

Call911

Page 15: Joseph M. Leahy, D.O. Medical Director, Emergency Department

“We’re not in Kansas anymore…”Oxygen, IV’s, Blood work, “When did this start?”

Neuro exam 

CT scan of Head – Rapid transport

Notification of Stroke team

Repeat Neuro exam – NIH stroke scale

Page 16: Joseph M. Leahy, D.O. Medical Director, Emergency Department

Hemorrhagic StrokeCall Neurosurgeon

Control Blood Pressure

Reverse blood thinner

Page 17: Joseph M. Leahy, D.O. Medical Director, Emergency Department

Ischemic (Blood Clot) StrokeNeurology ConsultEstablish onset of symptoms – 3 hour windowConsider “Clot Busting” medicine (TPA)

Page 18: Joseph M. Leahy, D.O. Medical Director, Emergency Department

NINDS Study624 ischemic stroke patients enrolledCompared TPA to PlaceboTreatment within 3 hours of symptom onsetResults:

At 3 months, TPA treated patients 30% more likely to have minimal or no neurologic deficits11‐13% overall increased favorable outcome

*TPA group did have increased rate of bleeding in the  brain (6.4% vs. 0.6%)

Page 19: Joseph M. Leahy, D.O. Medical Director, Emergency Department

Criteria for TPAAge > 18Time of onset < 3 hoursNo improving symptomsNo surgery within preceeding 14 daysBlood pressure controlled ( < 185 / 110)No Previous stroke (within 90 days)No GI/GU bleeding (within 21 days)No seizure

Page 20: Joseph M. Leahy, D.O. Medical Director, Emergency Department

SNHMC Telestroke Program

Partnership with Massachusetts General Hospital

Telemedicine has become an accepted standard of care

Allows for bedside consultation with an MGH neurologist and neuroradiologist

Critical decisions made with world class support

Page 21: Joseph M. Leahy, D.O. Medical Director, Emergency Department

Stroke Risk FactorsHigh Blood PressureAtrial FibrillationHigh CholesterolDiabetesCigarette SmokingHeavy Alcohol ConsumptionLack of Physical ActivityUnhealthy Diet