John Taylor-Lehman

• Tri-Valley High School• Dresden, Ohio 43821• 740-754-2921• jtaylor@tvschools.org

• 9-12• Biology, Chemistry• Oceanography, Zoology

• National Tropical Botanical Garden

• Science Teacher Enrichment Program

• June 1-10, 2010

THE IMPORTANCE OF PLANTS Read ( Chap 24 ) 20th Century Med. Man Video (30 min)

Campus Walk to identify sps. (sheet in binder) common, trees, bushes and herbs (locust, oak, pear, hemlock, dandelion, violet, grass, poison ivy, dogwood, pine, black cherry)

Crossword Puzzle (sheet in binder) 3 Day recall of plant contacts Dendrochronology Lab Activity Chromatography Lab Activity

THE IMPORTANCE OF PLANTSTopics A. Classification : flowers, conifers,

ferns, and mosses B. Major plants cultivated for food C. Human History and Cultivation D. Plant Anatomy

Info on seeds was covered forquarter long project Flower parts were covered when we did genetics•

Brain Storming Activity

• Purpose: Check for prior knowledge, Cooperative Learning

• Question: What words come to mind when you hear the word plant?

• Individually- list a min. of 20 words associated with plants (5 foods max.)

• Pairs- eliminate duplicates and get list back up to a min. of 20.

• Group- eliminate duplicates and get back to a min. of 20

• Whole Class: Compile total list and organize into categories

• Group with the most unique words get prize• Save list till the end of the unit

FLOWER ANATOMY

POLLEN

Apple seeds

A. Plant Classification

• http://classic.sidwell.edu/us/science/vlb/class/plantae/plant-tree.jpg

Draw this in your notes on a half sheet of paper

MOSS

FERN

CONIFERS

FLOWERING PLANTS

??????????• If you are allergic to Poison Ivy Toxicodendron

radicans then you will likely be allergic to the Devil’s Fruit

http://www.ppws.vt.edu/scott/weed_id/poisonivy8-11b.jpg

http://utopiankitchen.files.wordpress.com/2007/11/cashews.jpg

CASHEW Anacardium occidentale Fruit and seed

And allergic to• The fruit Mango Mangifera indica L.

(not the green pepper Capsicum annuum)

Any ideas about why this is true?

http://www.oisat.org/images/Sabermango.jpg

http://www.worldwidehealth.com/ecards/6403_tn_green%20pepper.jpg

the flowering plant family Anacardiaceae

B. The importance of plants (as food)

• 275,000 SPS. OF FLOWERING PLANTS• 3,000 USED FOR HUMAN FOOD• 200 DOMESTICATED*• 12 MAIN FOODS

reference “Seeds to Civilization” C.Heizer

DOMESTICATION• - REQUIRE HUMAN

INTERVENTION TO MAINTAIN CURRENT FORM

Group Activity!

• Name the major food crop plants that are harvest from around the world.

• This is based on amount of plant matter harvested

• A student will record suggestions on the SMART Board from classmates. Teacher will screen responses.

1. 7. 13.

2. 8. 14.

3 9. 15.

4. 10. 16.

5. 11. 17.

6. 12.

list is by weight harvested

1. SUGAR CANE* 7. BARLEY* 13. GRAPE2. WHEAT* 8. MANIOC 14. TOMATO3. CORN* 9. SWEET POTATO 15. OAT*4. RICE* 10. SOY BEAN 16. ORANGE5. POTATO 11. SORGHUM* 17. APPLE6. SUGAR BEET 12. BANANA

list is by weight harvested

What do all the * have in common?

Look closely at them

*A MAJOR plant group The Grass family

maize

SUGAR CANE

Mature wheat

RICE

Rice

POTATO

SUGAR BEET

BARLEY

manioc

SWEET POTATO

SORGHUM

BANANA

banana

NOTES ON 20TH CENTURY MED MAN. (video in library) • Botany

• Ethnobotany• Dr. Mark Plotkin (Harvard)• Jaguar Shaman• 25% of modern meds have their origin in plants• examples poppy (opium, morphine)

periwinkle (vincristine) willow (aspirin)• Info lost about plants b/c

– Young people are uninterested in learning– Extermination of tribes – Loss of rain forest– Death of knowledgeable elders

C. HUMAN EXISTENCE 200,000 TO 100,000 humans in an early

forms; H. sapiens var. sapiens and H. sapiens var. neaderthalensis

• 25,000 to 35,000 years ago substantial archeological and fossil evidence of ONLY H. sapiens var. sapiens (us)

EARLY HUMAN LIFESTYLE?• Hunter/gatherer

• Man herd food season

• Change in human behavior approximately 9,000 years ago

• Domestication/agriculture develops simultaneously in several places in the world

GOOD EVIDENCE OF FARMING

• 7,000 B.C. Fertile Crescent, Near East Wheat , Barley

• " Thailand bean and pea• 5,000 Asia rice• 7,000-5,000 Mexico near Texas

gourds, chili, beans• 5,000 Mexico City squash, beans,

avacado, Maize

Current foods in an area reflect heritage

Brain Storming Activity

• Purpose: Problem Solving, Cooperative Learning

• Question: What plants would you take if you left your home for a destination with unknown resources?

“Canoe Plants”• Here’s what the people who first

settled Hawaii brought with them.

• Video link will be linked here of Brian T. Yamamoto describing Hawaiian “Canoe Plants”

• Insert image of canoe from classroom

• Individually- list a min. of 20 plants essential for survival

• Pairs- eliminate duplicates and get list back up to a min. of 20.

• Group- eliminate duplicates and get back to a min. of 20

• Whole Class: Compile total list and reduce to 20

• Group with the most “ ? “ plants gets a prize

HOMEWORK• 1. 3 DAY RECALL OF YOUR CONTACT WITH

PLANTS• 2. AT LEAST 10 PLANTS PER DAY MUST BE

RECORDED• 3. BE READY FOR ME TO COLLECT THEM AT

ANY TIME• 4. 10 PTS.

Anti-Bacterial properties of Spices

• Hope to improve my bacteria unit by expanding the use of spices in our LAB on bacteria culturing and growth inhibition

D. PLANT ANATOMYPart II of PlantsRead 569-582

I. GROSS ANATOMY

• ROOTS (functions?)– Anchor– absorb water and

nutrients– asexual reproduction

(ex. Raspberry)– storage ex. Yam,

carrot , beet

LEAVES– Photosynthesis

– Enzymes, sunlight, chlorophyll– Transpiration – release of water through the

leaf surface. The plant is like a straw. Roots have the opening and the leaves have the exit

– asexual reproduction ex. African violet Kalanchoe

– storage ex. Cabbage, onion, lettuce

STEM FUNCTIONS CONTINUED

STEM (functions?)support the leaves and

flowersasexual reproduction

ex. Potato, strawberrystorage ex. Potato,

broccoli, cauliflower , asparagus

II. CELLULAR ANATOMY

• transport• xylem• phloem• dividing region• absorption

• Water up• Sugars down• Meristem• Root tip

• support- wood• dating activity with

growth rings

How old is this stem?

12 years old

Photosynthesis• leaf anatomy- stomata

• from work sheet• chromatography- pigments

• chlorophyll• carotene• xanthophylls

III. PLANT RESPONSES (tropisms)

• Controlled by hormones that stimulate specific cells to grow

• Thigmo tropism• Phototropism• Gravitropism• chemotropism

cell divisionAdding to

length at root and stem tips by apical meristem

cell division

Adding to the width-lateral meristem

Vascular bundleLooks vaguely like

an ice cream cone

Cell division – where the cells are reproducing

• root and stem tips apical meristem• width- lateral meristem

Photosynthesis

1. Leaf Anatomy – stomata and guard cells (from worksheet)

2. Chromatography- pigment mixtures are separated and analyzed

• Chlorophyll – green pigment• Carotene – orange pigment• XanthophyllsXanthophylls – yellow pigment

III. PLANT RESPONSES (tropisms)

• Controlled by hormones that stimulate specific cells to grow

• Thigmotropism – response to touch (vines, venus fly traps)

• Phototropism – response to light (seedlings)• Gravitropism – up and down growth• Chemotropism – response to a chemical

stimulus (ex. fertilizer)

Thigmotropism

• The turning or bending response of an organism upon direct contact with a solid surface or object.

Phototropism

Gravitropism

Chemotropism

• Growth towards water or fertilizer (sewage line)

Legumes

• Simple dry fruit • Common name for fruit is a pod• Peas, beans, lentils, and peanuts• High in protein

Quiz on plants• Video Med Man, • Human uses of plants, Text Chap 24 and Read

569-582 • Notes, • Vocab • LABS Tree Ring, Chromotography, Campus

Walk and Plant identification, • Cross word• Plant anatomy

4th Quarter NOTEBOOK CONTENTS• Cover Sheet • Assignment Sheet• Grade Sheet

• Vocabulary (96 - 138)• Notes

• Daily Work– Pg 149 Theory of Evol WS– Pg 157 Theory of Evol WS– History of Life WS– Pg 161 Evolution WS– Plant Puzzle\Leaf labeling– Virus Paragraph (living or

nonliving)• Labs

– Peppered Moth– Amino Acid Lab– Viral Lab– Plant Walk– Dendrochronology

THIS IS 10% OF YOURQUARTER GRADE!!!

Notebook check MONDAY….

Here’s another option…

Plant Jeopardy – Easy questions

1. Products of photosynthesis? 2. This transports water in a plant - ______3. Define ethnobotany. The study of the uses of plants 4. What is causing loss of knowledge in rainforest

ecosystems?5. Release of water through leaf surface is called

________.6. Square stem…strong smell = ________7. Trees can either be flower producing or _____

producing.

Plant Jeopardy – Easy questions1. Products of photosynthesis? Sugar and oxygen 2. This transports water in a plant - __xylem____3. Define ethnobotany. The study of the uses of plants in

a culture 4. What is causing loss of knowledge in rainforest

ecosystems? Death of shaman and loss of rainforest5. Release of water through leaf surface is called

_transpiration_______.6. Square stem…strong smell = __mint______7. Trees can either be flower producing or _cone____

producing.

Medium Level1. What does chromotography do?2. What is the stomata of a leaf?3. What controls the stomata?4. Functions of the roots?5. Name two things that we eat that are

roots….stems….and leaves.6. Where does cell division occur in plants?7. What plants are cultivated in Mexico?8. Contrast phloem and xylem cells.9. Contrast wind vs. insect pollinated flowers.

Medium Level1. What does chromatography do? Separates chemicals by

size2. What is the stomata of a leaf? Openings in leaf bottom

to release water, O2 and take in CO2

3. What controls the stomata? Guard cells4. Functions of the roots? Absorb, storage, anchor, asex5. Name two things that we eat that are

roots….stems….and leaves.6. Where does cell division occur in plants?meristem7. What plants are cultivated in Mexico? maize, beans,

avocado, gourd8. Contrast phloem and xylem cells. Sugar down, water up9. Contrast wind vs. insect pollinated flowers.

Difficult Questions…1. What was the evidence of farming 7000-5000 BC?2. What does domestication mean?3. What do tree rings tell us?4. What are the functions of the leaf?5. Give the basic chemical reaction of photosynthesis.6. The fruit of a maple tree is called a ___.7. Name three grains that are on the list of top food

crops harvested by weight.

Difficult Questions…1. What was the evidence of farming 7000-5000 BC?

settlements2. What does domestication mean? requires human

involvement to maintain current form3. What do tree rings tell us? Age, past weather conditions4. What are the functions of the leaf? Photosynthesis, asexual

reproduction, storage, transpiration5. Give the basic chemical reaction of photosynthesis.6. The fruit of a maple tree is called a _samara__.7. Name three grains that are on the list of top food crops

harvested by weight. Wheat, rice, maize, oats, barley, sorghum

Quiz on plants

• Video Med Man, • Human uses of plants, Text • Notes, • Vocab • LABS Tree Ring, Chromotography, Campus

Walk and Plant identification, • Cross word• Plant anatomy

• Vocabulary • Cereal• Legumes• root crops• fruit• grain• vegetative part

Dermal tissue,ground tissue, root hairs, root cap, herbaceous plant, vascular bundle transpiration