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VocabularVocabularyy

What was the Treaty of What was the Treaty of Tordesillas ?Tordesillas ?

This was the papal decree This was the papal decree that divided the new world that divided the new world

of exploration between of exploration between Spain and Portugal.Spain and Portugal.

Who was Francisco Who was Francisco Coronado?Coronado?

He was the Spanish He was the Spanish explorer who explored the explorer who explored the North American southwest North American southwest in search of the legendary in search of the legendary

El Dorado.El Dorado.

What was the Potosi Mine?What was the Potosi Mine?

This was the largest silver This was the largest silver mine in Peru and one of the mine in Peru and one of the

largest deposits in the largest deposits in the world.world.

Who were the Paulistas ? Who were the Paulistas ?

They were the They were the backwoodsmen or pioneers backwoodsmen or pioneers from Sao Paulo, Brazil who from Sao Paulo, Brazil who penetrated the interior in penetrated the interior in search of gold and slaves search of gold and slaves during the 17during the 17thth century. century.

What were Spanish What were Spanish galleons?galleons?

These were the large heavily These were the large heavily armed ships used to carry armed ships used to carry

silver and gold from the New silver and gold from the New World colonies to Spain. World colonies to Spain.

What was the consualdo What was the consualdo and the city of Seville?and the city of Seville?

This was the Spanish city This was the Spanish city that held a monopoly on that held a monopoly on

goods from Spain shipped to goods from Spain shipped to Latin America.Latin America.

What was the Treaty of What was the Treaty of Paris of 1763 ?Paris of 1763 ?

This was the Treaty that This was the Treaty that ended the French and Indian ended the French and Indian

War.War.

What was an Enlightened What was an Enlightened Despot?Despot?

He or she was an absolute He or she was an absolute ruler who supposedly led ruler who supposedly led

using the 18using the 18thth century ideals century ideals of reason and logic ( not of reason and logic ( not

always). always).

Who were the Letrados?Who were the Letrados?

They were University trained They were University trained lawyers from Spain and were lawyers from Spain and were

the basis for the Spanish the basis for the Spanish bureaucratic system.bureaucratic system.

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“Don’t Choke!”

What were the Amigos del What were the Amigos del pais?pais?

They were clubs and They were clubs and associations dedicated to associations dedicated to

reform in the Spanish reform in the Spanish colonies and flourished in colonies and flourished in

the 18the 18thth century. century.

Who were the Who were the Peninsulares?Peninsulares?

They were those Spanish They were those Spanish citizens who were born in citizens who were born in Portugal or Spain and held Portugal or Spain and held the top positions in colonial the top positions in colonial

Latin America. Latin America.

Who was Tupac Amaru ?Who was Tupac Amaru ?

He was a mestizo who He was a mestizo who claimed descent from the claimed descent from the Incas and who waged a Incas and who waged a rebellion against "bad rebellion against "bad government" in Peru. government" in Peru.

What was the Columbian What was the Columbian Exchange? Exchange?

This was the name given to This was the name given to the huge global transfer of the huge global transfer of

animals, plants and diseases animals, plants and diseases that changed the global that changed the global

economy and landscape of economy and landscape of the world.the world.

Who was Bartolome De Who was Bartolome De Las Casas?Las Casas?

He was the Conquistador He was the Conquistador turned priest who tried to turned priest who tried to stop the exploitation and stop the exploitation and destruction of converted destruction of converted

Native Americans.Native Americans.

What were haciendas?What were haciendas?

They were the rural estates They were the rural estates that produced cash crops or that produced cash crops or goods for the Americas and goods for the Americas and often became the basis of often became the basis of power for local aristocrats.power for local aristocrats.

What was the region of What was the region of Minas Gerais?Minas Gerais?

This was the region of Brazil This was the region of Brazil where gold was discovered where gold was discovered in 1695 and followed by a in 1695 and followed by a Gold Rush of settlers and Gold Rush of settlers and

speculators.speculators.

What was the sociedad de What was the sociedad de castas?castas?

This was the name given to This was the name given to the unofficial caste system the unofficial caste system implemented in the Spanish implemented in the Spanish colonies with those born in colonies with those born in Spain being at the top and Spain being at the top and holding the most influential holding the most influential

jobs. jobs.

Who were the creoles?Who were the creoles?

They were Latin American They were Latin American colonials who were of Spanish colonials who were of Spanish

or Portuguese descent that or Portuguese descent that were born in the New World.were born in the New World.

Who was Pedro de Who was Pedro de Valdivia?Valdivia?

He is given credit for He is given credit for establishing the city of establishing the city of

Santiago in Chile.Santiago in Chile.

What was Granada ? What was Granada ?

This was the last Muslim This was the last Muslim stronghold in Spain stronghold in Spain conquered in 1492. conquered in 1492.

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What were the What were the audiencias?audiencias?

These were the royal courts These were the royal courts of appeal established in of appeal established in

Spanish New World colonies Spanish New World colonies and staffed by professional and staffed by professional magistrates who made and magistrates who made and

applied laws. applied laws.

What was the What was the Recopilacion?Recopilacion?These were the body of laws These were the body of laws

collected in 1681 for Spanish collected in 1681 for Spanish New World possessions and New World possessions and the basis for the law of the the basis for the law of the

Indies. Indies.

What was the Conquistador?What was the Conquistador?

This was the name given to This was the name given to the Spanish soldier explorer the Spanish soldier explorer

of the Americas.of the Americas.

Where was Huancavelica?Where was Huancavelica?

This was a huge mercury This was a huge mercury deposit in Peru that sped up deposit in Peru that sped up the process of silver mining. the process of silver mining.

What was the Comunero What was the Comunero Revolt?Revolt?

This was the name given to This was the name given to the rebellion in New Granada the rebellion in New Granada against Spanish colonial rule against Spanish colonial rule and their control of tobacco and their control of tobacco and alcohol consumption.and alcohol consumption.

What was the mita?What was the mita?

This was the forced labor This was the forced labor system which replaced system which replaced

Indian slaves and Indian slaves and encomienda workers and encomienda workers and

was used to mobilize mine was used to mobilize mine workers.workers.

What was the War of the What was the War of the Spanish Succession and the Spanish Succession and the

treaty of Utrecht?treaty of Utrecht?This was the war caused by This was the war caused by

the attempted French the attempted French Bourbon takeover of Spain Bourbon takeover of Spain and the Treaty that settled and the Treaty that settled

the War in 1713.the War in 1713.

What was Hispaniola or What was Hispaniola or Haiti and the Dominican Haiti and the Dominican

Republic?Republic?This was the island also This was the island also known as Santo Domingo known as Santo Domingo and became the base of and became the base of

explorations from which the explorations from which the Spanish explored and Spanish explored and

conquered other areas.conquered other areas.

What was St. Augustine What was St. Augustine Florida?Florida?

This was the oldest city in This was the oldest city in the United States founded the United States founded

in 1565.in 1565.

Who was the Marquis of Who was the Marquis of Pombal?Pombal?

He was the Prime Minister He was the Prime Minister of Portugal who of Portugal who

strengthened royal strengthened royal authority in Brazil and authority in Brazil and

expelled the Jesuits and expelled the Jesuits and enacted fiscal reforms.enacted fiscal reforms.