Mr. CalellaAmerican Studies I

Jefferson: His First Term as President

Thomas Jefferson

"I have sworn upon the altar of God eternal hostility against every form of tyranny over the mind of man."

Adams/Pinckney (Federalists) vs. Jefferson/Burr (Rep)

Rule under the Constitution-did not foresee emergence of political parties

Result: Adams most votes and Jefferson second most

What are the pros and cons of the result? What if McCain became Obama’s VP?

Election of 1796: 1st Problem with the Electoral College

John Adams-President

Thomas Jefferson-Vice President

Results of the Election of 1796

Same men running again as in 1796Each Elector had two votes, but only one

“bin”Jefferson and Burr tie-vote goes to HouseWhat did Jefferson expect Burr to do?

Why do you think Burr refused? What kind of person do you think Burr was?

Federalists controlled House and pushed for Burr given their fear of Jefferson

However, Hamilton sways vote to Jefferson

Election of 1800: 2nd Problem with the Electoral College

Alexander Hamilton

A national debt, if it is not excessive, will be to us a national blessing.

Why do you think Jefferson called his victory a “revolution”? Do you agree or disagree? Why?

IRONY: Jefferson expands the power of both the government and the presidency during his two terms in office.

12th Amendment: provides for SEPARATE balloting in the Electoral College for P and VP (i.e., “two bins instead of one”)

Revolution of 1800 & 12th Amendment

Election of 1800

Electoral vote results

Election ultimately decided by the House of Representatives

Jefferson vision for American democracyIndependent, self-sufficient yeoman

farmers each owning piece of landSame for Indians, excludes blacks and

womenBudget cuts, especially militaryWanted to promote liberty and equality

Contradiction: owned slaves & belief in white supremacy; Sally Hemmings

Wanted to reduce power of central gov’tActually expanded power of gov’t and

presidency

Jeffersonian Democracy

“We are all Republicans-we are all Federalists.”Why did he make this statement?

No excessive formalityMaster politician

Willing to accept Federalist ideas which he knew would help the countryHamilton’s bank and public finance

systemBacking commerce and manufacturingBuilding federal roads and canals

Jefferson, the man

Burr running for NY governor before 1804 Election-Jefferson to choose new mate

Burr counting on NY Federalists, but Hamilton makes comment in papers

Burr loses and blames HamiltonThe ChallengeBackground on duelsThe duel on the cliffs of WeehawkenBurr the villain (the shot and then

treason)Burr on trial-Chief Justice Marshall

The Duel

The DuelHamilton purposely shoots into the air, but the scoundrel Burr then takes aim and shoots Hamilton in the gut.

Hamilton dies from the wound the next day, and Burr is charged with his murder.

Burr , Vice President of the U.S. at the time, becomes a fugitive of the law.

Burr goes on to commit an act of treason, but he is later found innocent.

Burr is never tried for Hamilton’s murder.

Marbury v. MadisonJudiciary Act of 1801

Midnight Justices

Writ of Mandamus

See Handout

ACTIVITY: Marbury v. Madison skit

The Louisiana PurchaseImportance of the Purchase; crowning

achievement for Jefferson as PresidentBackground

Napoleon used land to “feed” Hispaniola

Sugar and rum as valuable commodities Toussaint Louverture-REVOLUTIONYellow Fever and guerrilla warfare

Toussaint Louverture

The “Black Napoleon”

The DealJames Monroe and Robert R. LivingstonAuthority for $10M-Florida and New Orleans

Why were these important to Jefferson?1803, accepted a better deal ($15M for whole

area) pending ratification by 2/3s of SenateLand could make Jefferson’s vision come true

Constitutional IssueTreaty would be ratified, but constitutional?Guilty because expanding gov’t powerActually drafts Amendment, but ignores issue

The Louisiana Purchase (continued)

Some attacked, but most supported like Hamilton

Hamilton’s bonds made the deal possible

Hamilton’s importance to the dealWas it a smart move for the

Federalists?What is the irony behind England

buying the bonds to fund the deal?

Federalist Response to Purchase

Clark, Lewis and Sacajawea

Goal: find an all-water route to the Pacific Ocean

Why was Jefferson hoping to find an all-water route to the Pacific Ocean?

Wanted to know what he just boughtFlora and Fauna (Wooly Mammoths?)Indians and Jefferson’s hope for these

peoples1804, The two leaders-CHALLENGEMilitary expedition and Mandan additionsReach Pacific in 1805 and return in 1806

to everyone’s surpriseComing home was a lot quicker!A BIG SUCCESS-only 1 death

The Lewis and Clark Expedition

North African nationsTribute payments to PashasJefferson refuses to pay Pasha of Tripoli1801, Tripoli declares war and Jefferson

sends in the Marines!“Half hearted and ill started” (1801-

1803)Famous victory in 1804Importance of Jefferson’s actions

Sets up precedent for future presidentsJefferson expands powers of president

The Barbary Pirates

First term was huge successOrder without discipline, security

without large military, prosperity without regulation

Adopted the strong points of the Federalists and made them his own

Wins reelection overwhelminglyHowever, his second term is marked

with CHALLENGES

Conclusion