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Japan’s Disaster Relief Operations

• Disasters in JapanDisasters in Japan

• Disaster Relief Operations(DROs) Disaster Relief Operations(DROs)

in Japanin Japan

• Lessons Learned From The GreatLessons Learned From The Great

Hanshin-Awaji EarthquakeHanshin-Awaji EarthquakeMajor Yoshimura, J3 Joint staff Office, Japan Defense AgencyMajor Yoshimura, J3 Joint staff Office, Japan Defense Agency

31 July 03’31 July 03’

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The Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake

Awaji Is.

Osaka-city

Kobe-city

HanshinTokyo

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Earthquakes in Japan

Kobe Tokyo(Capital)

Osaka

Minami-Kanto Earthquake

Tokai Tokai EarthquakeEarthquake

Great Hanshin-Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Awaji Earthquake

in 1995in 1995

Tonankai EaTonankai Earthquakerthquake

Japan

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Disasters in Japan

SNOWSNOW

EARTHQUAKESEARTHQUAKESSTORMS AND FLOODSSTORMS AND FLOODS

VOLCANIC ERUPTIONSVOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

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Disasters in Japan(cont)

other79.1%

J apan20.9%

6.0 or above magnitude Earthquakes

other94.3%

J apan5.7%

The Number of active volcanoes

other99.5%

J apan0.5%

other83.2%

J apan16.8%

Missing and Death toll The amount of damages

95359

105

1416

1612k8k

$741M

$150M

[1994 ~ 2002]

[1972 ~ 2001] [1972 ~ 2001]

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Missing and Death Toll by Major Disasters

Storm andFlood59.0%

Snow1.3%

Eruption0.2%Earthquake

39.6%

2184914652

466 70

[1945 ~ 2002]

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Disaster Relief Operations “DROs” in Japan

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Fields of The JSDF’s DROs

FOREST FIRES FLOODS EARTHQUAKES

VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

EVACUATION FROM A REMOTE ISLAND(TRANSPORTATION OF EMERGENCY PATIANTS)

NUCLEAR ACCIDENTS

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Procedures from Request for DRO to WithdrawalProcedures from Request for DRO to Withdrawal

Outbreak of

Disaster

< Normal >

Request of Dispatch and Withdrawal

Dispatch Authorities・ CG, Regional Army・ Division Commander・ Brigade Commander・ Camp Commander

Dispatch Authorities・ CG, Regional Army・ Division Commander・ Brigade Commander・ Camp Commander

Commander of the dispatched Unit

Commander of the dispatched Unit

< Discretionary Dispatch >

Ord

er

Order of Dispatch and Withdrawal

Demand

Req

uest

DROs

DeployWithdrawal

Dispatch Authorities・ CG, Regional Army・ Division Commander・ Brigade Commander・ Camp Commander

Dispatch Authorities・ CG, Regional Army・ Division Commander・ Brigade Commander・ Camp Commander

Commander of the dispatched Unit

Commander of the dispatched Unit

Order of Dispatch

Ord

er

Deploy

Direct Notification (If a Request cannot be submitted)

Mayor of the city, town or

village

Request Authorities・ Prefectural Governor・ Director General of JCG・ Head of Regional Maritime Safety HQ・ Airport General Manager

Request Authorities・ Prefectural Governor・ Director General of JCG・ Head of Regional Maritime Safety HQ・ Airport General Manager

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DDEFENSE AGENCY

ARMY HQs

DIVISION HQs

INITIAL DISASTER RELIEF UNITS

NEAPER: 390VEH: 60HELO: 5IMAGE: 1

EAPER: 400VEH: 70HELO: 4IMAGE: 1

WAPER : 480VEH: 60HELO: 7IMAGE: 1

TOTALPERSONNEL: ABOUT 2,700VEHICLES: ABOUT 410HELOS: ABOUT 30

MAPER: 740VEH: 110HELO: 4IMAGE: 1

NAPER: 690VEH: 110HELO: 7IMAGE: 1

DEPLOYMENT OF INITIAL DROUNITS OF THE GSDF

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HQs, Self Defense Fleet

Regional District

Air Rescue SQ (UH-60J US-1A)

Air Patrol SQ (P-3C SH-60J)

YOKOSUKA DistrictDD: 1

KURE DistrictDD: 1

SASEBO DistrictDD: 1HELO: 1

MAIZURU DistrictDD: 1HELO: 1

OMINATO DistrictDD: 1HELO: 1

DEPLOYMENT OF INITIAL DRO DDs and AIRCRAFT OF THE MSDF

TOTALDD: 5Fixed-wing aircraft: 8HELO: 13

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HQs, Air Defense Command

HQs, Regional Air Force

Air Base

Air Rescue SQ

TOTALC-1, C-130H: 3Rescue aircraft: 10-20RF-4E(J): 1

DEPLOYMENT OF INITIAL DRO AIRCRAFT OF THE ASDF

13Damage :Over 6,400 DeadDamage :Over 6,400 Dead

Period : 4 monthsPeriod : 4 monthsDispatched PAX : 1.63 mil man-daysDispatched PAX : 1.63 mil man-days

Lessons Learned From The Great Lessons Learned From The Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake ’95Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake ’95

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1. ESTABLISH INITIAL RESPONSE POSTURE FOR

DRO

2. STRENGTHEN RELATIONSHIP WITH RELATED

AGENCIES

3. ENHANCE MOVEMENT OF UNITS AND RELIEF

ACTIVITIES

4. PREPARE EQUIPEMENT FOR DRO

LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE GREAT HANSHIN-AWAJI EARTHQUAKE

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CLARIFY THE STANDARD OF DISCRETIONARY DISPATCH

ESTABLISH INITIAL RESPONSE POSTURE

GATHER INFORMATION OF EARTHQUAKE THAT REGISTERS HIGHER THAN 5.0-WEAK ON THE RICHTER SCALE

1. ESTABLISHMENT OF INITIAL RESPONSE POSTURE

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BILATERAL AGREEMENTS WITH POLICE AND

FIRE FIGHTERS

SIMPLIFY THE PROCEDURE OF DISASTER

RELIEF DISPACHS FOR PERFECTURAL

GOVERNORS

2. STRENGTHEN RELATIONSHIP WITH RELATED AGENCIES

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IMPROVE DISASTER PREVENTION EXERCISES TRAINING WITH LOCAL GOVERNMENTS

DISPATCH AND TRANSFER OF THE SELF DEFENSE FORCE PERSONNEL TO OTHER AGENCIES

2. STRENGTHEN RELATIONSHIP WITH RELATED AGENCIES (Cont)

18Temporary Acquisitioning Of Temporary Acquisitioning Of Land, Buildings And StructuresLand, Buildings And Structures

Compelling people “On The Spot“ Compelling people “On The Spot“ To Engage in Urgent ActivitiesTo Engage in Urgent Activities

Set Sectors For SecuritySet Sectors For Security

Traffic ControlTraffic Control

3. AUTHORITIES TO FACILIATE DRO

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CONCENTRATION OF GSDF UNITS

1ST DAY 2ND DAY 3RD DAY 4TH DAY 5TH DAY

PERSONNEL

3,300 9,300 9,50013,300

18,600

GREAT HANSHIN-AWAJIEARTHQUAKE

MINAMI KANTOEARTHQUAKE

15,000

21,000

OPERATION BY THE MAIN BODY OF EA

INITIAL OPERATION BY THE LOCAL UNITS

32,0001ST REINFORCEMENT

68,000

10,000

20,000

70,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

2ND REINFORCEMENT 3RD REINFORCEMENT

OPERATION BY THE MAIN BODY OF WA

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IMAGE TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

LIFE SAVING SYSTEM

4. EQUIPMENT

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VTR Camera

Image Transmission SystemImage Transmission System

22A CH-47 helicopter lifting Life Saving System type 1

Life Saving System (Type 1)

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Life Saving System (Type 1)

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Bicycle Trailer

Searcher Inside collapsed Structures

Jack

Light

Portable Toilet

Container

CutterSpecific Rope For Night

Megaphone

Life Saving System (Type 2)

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Question?Question?