january 9, 2015 cse: the 12 parts of title 24 1. january 9, 2015 cse: the 12 parts of title 24 2...

CSE: The 12 Parts of Title 24 1

C a l i f o r n i a S u p p l e m e n t a l E x a m i n a t i o n

The 12 Parts of Title 24H O S T E D B Y

NotLY @ University of Southern California School of Architecture

I N S T R U C T O RMichael Ellars, AIA, CSI, APX, LEED AP, CDT, CASp

Senior Associate | DLR Group

January 9, 2015

CSE: The 12 Parts of Title 24

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January 9, 2015

Seminar Agenda

What is Title 24? Title 24 and its place in California

regulatory schema

The 12 Parts of Title 24 Model codes, amendments,

and unique elements Simple examples

Q + A


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What is Title 24?

A. Accessibility CodeB. Building CodeC. Energy CodeD. All of the aboveE. None of the above

1. General Provisions2. Administration3. Food and Agriculture4. Business Regulations5. Education6. Governor’s Regulations [empty]7. Harbors and Navigation8. Industrial Relations9. Rehabilitative and Developmental Services10. Investment11. Law12. Military and Veterans Affairs13. Motor Vehicles14. Natural Resources15. Crime Prevention and Corrections16. Professional and Vocational Regulations17. Public Health18. Public Revenues19. Public Safety20. Public Utilities and Energy21. Public Works22. Social Security23. Waters24. Building Standards Code25. Housing and Community Development26. Toxics27. Environmental Protection28. Managed Health Care

* Title 24 is the California Building Standards Code (CBSC), one of 28 “titles” within the California Code of Regulations (CCR)

*


Title 24: California Building Standards Code (CBSC) Compilation of 3 building criteria types from 3 origins:

› Building standards adopted by state agencies without change from national model codes;

› Building standards adopted by state agencies and adapted from national model codes for California conditions; and

› Building standards, authorized by the California legislature, that constitute extensive additions not covered by model codes, adopted to address particular California concerns.

National model code standards adopted into Title 24 apply to all occupancies and jurisdictions in the state.› Exception: Modifications adopted by state agencies and

local governing bodies that are more restrictive in nature. Triennial editions published since 1989 (except 2004).

January 9, 2015


Title 24: California Building Standards Code (CBSC) Twelve parts

› Part 1 through Part 12› No Part 7 (Elevator Code duplicated CCR Title 8, subchapter

6)› “New” Part 2.5 for Residential Code

Most parts are based on “model codes” published by…› ICC (Building, Residential, Fire, Existing Building)› IAPMO (Mechanical, Plumbing)› NFPA (Electrical)

Some parts are unique to California› Administrative Code (Part 1)› Energy Code (Part 6)› Historical Building Code (Part 8)› Green Building Standards Code (Part 11), a/k/a “CALGreen”

January 9, 2015


Title 24: California Building Standards Code (CBSC) Common errors

› Using model codes instead of Title 24 versions Applying model code provisions that are not

adopted for use in California (e.g., IBC Ch. 29)› Applying adopted Title 24 provisions

unilaterally that are intended for only specific building occupancies, building features, or jurisdictions

› Not applying non-model-code Title 24 provisions developed to implement state laws

› Use of Title 24 provisions that have been superseded by issued replacement pages

January 9, 2015


California Building Code?

California Building Standards Law› State laws enacted by the legislature and signed by the

Governor› California Health and Safety Code, Division 13, Part 2.5,

§18901 et seq. Creates the California Building Standards Commission Establishes how codes are adopted and published

California Building Standards Code› Regulations adopted by the executive branch (also

known as “state agencies”)› Title 24 of California Code of Regulations

California Building Code› Part 2 of Title 24 of California Code of Regulations

January 9, 2015


Matrix Adoption Tables

Not all of the text of Title 24 is equally applicable to all “authorities having jurisdiction” (stage agencies)

Title 24 uses “matrix adoption tables” to identify which sections are adopted by each state agency

January 9, 2015

X

X

X

X

CSE: The 12 Parts of Title 24 9January 9, 2015


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The 12 Parts of Title 24

1: Administrative Code2: Building Code

2.5: Residential Code3: Electrical Code4: Mechanical Code5: Plumbing Code6: Energy Code8: Historical Building Code9: Fire Code10: Existing Building Code11: Green Building Standards

Code12: Referenced Standards Code


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1: Administrative2: Building2.5: Residential3: Electrical4: Mechanical5: Plumbing6: Energy8: Historical Building9: Fire10: Existing Building11: Green Building12: Referenced Standards

California (Building Standards)

Administrative Code› Unique to California —

published by ICC but not based on “model code”

› Establishes administrative regulations related to building design and construction for various state agencies

› Establishes general provisions for building design and construction for various project types

January 9, 2015


Title 24, Part 1: Administrative The state agencies include:

› California Building Standards Commission (BSC)

› Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD)

› Division of the State Architect - Structural Safety (DSA-SS)

› Division of the State Architect - Access Compliance (DSA-AC)

› Department of Public Health (DPH)› California Energy Commission

(CEC)› Corrections Standards Authority

(CSA)› Office of Statewide Health Planning

and Development (OSHPD)› Office of the State Fire Marshal

(SFM)› California State Library (SL)› State Land Commission (SLC)

The project types include:› Essential services buildings› State buildings› Public school construction› Public pools› Retail food establishments› Disabled access to public

buildings› Hospitals and other health

facilities

Part 1 of Title 24 establishes administrative regulations for authorities and building standards authorized by Chapter 1, Division I, of Part 2 of Title 24 (CBC)January 9, 2015


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California Building Code (CBC)› Based on the International

Building Code (IBC) published by ICC

› Integrated with most of the other state building standards codes (e.g., the California Fire Code)

› Bound in two volumes Volume 2 binder also

contains Parts 8 and 10› Establishes minimum

requirements

January 9, 2015

Minimum requirements are not necessarily sufficient to meet the minimum standard of care.“Code minimum” is the worst possible building you are legally allowed to construct.


Title 24, Part 2: Building

Establishes minimum requirements› Safeguard the public health,

safety and general welfare through Structural strength Means of egress facilities Stability Access to persons with disabilities Sanitation Adequate lighting and ventilation Energy conservation

› Safety to life and property from fire and other hazards attributed to the built environment

› Safety to fire fighters and emergency responders during emergency operations

Applies to ...› Construction› Alteration› Movement› Enlargement› Replacement› Repair› Equipment› Use and occupancy› Location› Maintenance› Removal› Demolition

... of every building or structure or any appurtenances connected or attached to such buildings or structures

January 9, 2015


Title 24, Part 2: Building

Volume 1 Administrative provisions

› Scoping› Definitions

Basic building characteristics› Use and Occupancy› Allowable heights and

areas› Types of Construction

Detailed requirements› Fire and Smoke Protection› Finishes and Interiors› Means of Egress› Accessibility› Exterior Walls and Roofs

Volume 2 Structural provisions

› Design & inspection› Soils & foundations› Materials

Concrete Aluminum Masonry Steel Wood

Non-structural materials› Glass & Glazing› Gypsum Board & Plaster› Plastic

Special provisions› Elevators› Referenced Standards

January 9, 2015


Effective Use of the IBC/CBC

Review the “Effective Use of the IBC/CBC” document at the front of the code (before the matrix adoption tables)› Administrative Provisions› Nonstructural Provisions

Occupancy and construction type Sprinklers Location on site Allowable building size Special detailed occupancy

requirements Fire and smoke protection Interior finishes (floor, wall, ceiling) Means of egress and occupant loads Special use features Accessibility Other provisions (e.g., elevators,

glazing, canopies)

› Structural Provisions Design loads (ASCE 7-

05) Structural materials Structural analysis,

design and detailing

You should be aware of this suggested process, but you do not have to use it for every building’s code analysis

January 9, 2015


CBC Allowable Area Example

Aa = {At + [At×If] + [At×Is]}

› Aa = allowable area per story (square feet)

› At = tabular building area per story per Table 503 (square feet)

› If = area increase factor for frontage per §506.2

› Is = area increase factor for sprinklers per §506.3 Is = 3 for single story

Is = 2 for 2+ stories

If = [F÷P – 0.25] × W÷30› F = building

perimeter that fronts on public way or open space ≥ 20' wide (linear feet)

› P = total building perimeter (linear feet)

› W = width of public way or open space, weighted as (L1×w1 + L2×w2 + …) ÷ F

› Maximum W = 30'› Maximum If = 0.75January 9, 2015


Aa = {At + [At ×If] + [At ×Is]}

What is the allowable building area for a 1 story office building constructed of non-fire-resistant wood framing with automatic sprinklers?› For the purposes of this example, we’ll

ignore the possibility of frontage Table 503 Aa = {9000 + [0] + [9000×3]} Aa = 36,000

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California Residential Code (CRC)› Based on the

International Residential Code (IRC) published by ICC

› Establishes minimum requirements

› Simplified organization and building standards

January 9, 2015


Title 24, Part 2.5: Residential

Establishes minimum requirements for the same purposes as the CBC

Applies to the same list of possible activities (construction, alteration, repair, etc.)

Applies to “every detached one- and two-family dwelling, efficiency dwelling unit, and townhouse not more than three stories above grade plane in height with a separate means of egress and structures accessory thereto”

Exceptions:› Live/work units

complying with the requirements of Section 419 of the California Building Code

› Owner-occupied lodging houses with 5 or fewer guest rooms

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California Electrical Code› Based on the National

Electrical Code (NEC) published by NFPA

› Practical safeguarding from electrical hazards but not instructions

› Establishes “necessary” standards for electrical safety and functionality

January 9, 2015


Title 24, Part 3: Electrical Purpose

› Practical safeguarding of persons and properties from hazards arising from the use of electricity.

Intent› Not intended as a design

specification or an instruction manual for untrained persons.

Adequacy› Provisions of code are considered

necessary for safety.› Code compliance and proper

maintenance results in an installation that is essentially free from hazard but not necessarily efficient, convenient, or adequate for good service or future expansion of electrical use.

Chapters 1-4: General provisions for all installations

Chapters 5-7: Supplemental provisions

Chapter 8: Communication systems (not subject to 1-7 UNO)

Chapter 9: Tables (as referenced elsewhere)

Annexes A-H: For informational purposes only

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California Mechanical Code (CMC)› Based on the Uniform

Mechanical Code (UMC) published by IAPMO

› Establishes minimum standards for HVAC+R, incinerators, and heat-producing appliances

January 9, 2015


Title 24, Part 4: Mechanical Minimum standards

› Safeguarding life or limb, health, property, and public welfare through regulation and control of…

› Design, construction, installation, quality of materials, location, operation, and maintenance or use of… Heating, ventilating,

cooling, and refrigeration systems

Incinerators Other miscellaneous heat-

producing appliances

Applies to the…› Addition› Erection› Installation› Alteration› Repair› Relocation› Replacement› Use› Maintenance

…of any› Heating, ventilating, cooling,

refrigeration systems› Incinerators› Other miscellaneous heat-

producing appliances.January 9, 2015

Exception: When approved by the AHJ, minor additions, alterations and repairs to existing mechanical systems shall be permitted to be installed in accordance with the law in effect at the time the original installation was made.


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1: Administrative2: Building2.5: Residential Building3: Electrical4: Mechanical5: Plumbing6: Energy8: Historical Building9: Fire10: Existing Building11: Green Building12: Referenced Standards

California Plumbing Code (CPC)› Based on the Uniform

Plumbing Code (UPC) published by IAPMO

› Establishes minimum standards for plumbing systems (piping, fixtures, fittings, etc.) including roof drains and natural gas

› Supersedes IBC Chapter 29, which is not adopted by California

January 9, 2015


Title 24, Part 5: Plumbing Scope

› Applies to the erection, installation, alteration, repair, relocation, replacement, addition to, use, or maintenance of plumbing systems.

Table 422.1› Plumbing fixture count› Uses Table A for

occupant loads, not CBC Chapter 10

› IBC Chapter 29 is not adopted by California

January 9, 2015


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California Energy Code› Also known as “Building

Energy Efficiency Standards for Residential and Nonresidential Buildings”

› Unique to California — published by ICC but not based on “model code”

› Developed by California Energy Commission (CEC) with only statutory approval by Building Standards Commission (BSC)

› Establishes minimum requirements but also prescriptive and performance based options for compliance January 9, 2015


Title 24, Part 6: Energy The California Energy Code

applies to all buildings:› In Occupancy Groups A, B, E,

F, H, M, R, S or U; and› For which an application for a

building permit or renewal of an existing permit is filed, or which are constructed by a governmental agency; and

› That are either Unconditioned, indirectly or

directly conditioned by mechanical heating or mechanical cooling or process spaces; or

Low-rise residential buildings that are heated with a wood heater or another non-mechanical heating system.

Exceptions:› Qualified Historic Buildings› Temporary structures and

lighting, including structures erected in response to a natural disaster (per AHJ)

Regulations apply to:› The building envelope› Space-conditioning systems› Water-heating systems› Pools and spas› Solar-ready buildings› Indoor lighting systems of

buildings› Outdoor lighting systems› Signs located either indoors or

outdoorsJanuary 9, 2015

Not applicable to Occupancy Groups I or L


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California Historical Building Code (CHBC)› Often referred to as the

“State Historical Building Code” or SHBC

› Unique to California — published by ICC but not based on “model code”

› Developed by the State Historical Building Safety Board (SHBSB) with only statutory approval by BSC

› Performance oriented rather than prescriptive

› Usually bound into Volume 2 of Part 2 (along with Part 10)

January 9, 2015


Title 24, Part 8: Historical Building The intent of the CHBC is to facilitate

the preservation and continuing use of qualified historical buildings or properties while providing reasonable safety for the building occupants and access for persons with disabilities.

“A totally new approach to building codes for historical structures, which maintains currently acceptable life-safety standards.”

January 9, 2015


Title 24, Part 8: Historical Building The purpose of the CHBC is to

provide regulations for the preservation, restoration, rehabilitation, relocation or reconstruction of buildings or properties designated as qualified historical buildings or properties.

The CHBC requires enforcing agencies to accept solutions that are reasonably equivalent to the regular code when dealing with qualified historical buildings or properties.

The CHBC is intended to provide solutions for the preservation of qualified historical buildings or properties…› to promote

sustainability› to provide access for

persons with disabilities› to provide a cost-

effective approach to preservation, and

› to provide for the reasonable safety of the occupants or users.

January 9, 2015


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California Fire Code (CFC)› Based on the

International Fire Code (IFC) published by ICC

› Related to regulations in Title 19 CCR Includes substantial

reprinting of Title 19 regulations “for reference”

January 9, 2015


Title 24, Part 9: Fire Establishes minimum

requirements “consistent with nationally recognized good practices”› Safeguard the public

health, safety and general welfare from the hazards of fire, explosion or dangerous conditions in new and existing buildings, structures and premises

› Provide safety and assistance to fire fighters and emergency responders during emergency operations

Applies to ...› Construction› Alteration› Movement› Enlargement› Replacement› Repair› Equipment› Use and occupancy› Location› Maintenance› Removal› Demolition

... of every building or structure or any appurtenances connected or attached to such buildings or structures

January 9, 2015


Title 24, Part 9: Fire

The CFC establishes regulations affecting or relating to buildings, structures, processes, premises and a reasonable degree of life and property safeguards regarding: › The hazard of fire and explosion arising from the storage,

handling or use of structures, materials or devices; › Conditions hazardous to life, property or public welfare in

the use or occupancy of buildings, structures or premises; › Fire hazards in the buildings, structures or on premises

from use of, occupancy of or operation; › Matters related to the construction, extension, repair,

alteration or removal of fire suppression or alarm systems;

› Conditions affecting the safety of fire fighters and emergency responders during emergency operations.

January 9, 2015


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California Existing Building Code› Based on Appendix Chapters A1

and A3 of the International Existing Buildings Code (IEBC) published by ICC

› Includes several “UBC Standards” based on Uniform Code for Building Conservation (UCBC) published by ICC, and/or Standard Specifications published by ASTM International

› Establishes minimum requirements but also includes reference standards

› Only applies to specific types of existing buildings — all others use CBC (Chapter 34 typical)

› Usually bound into Volume 2 of Part 2 (along with Part 8)January 9, 2015


Title 24, Part 10: Existing Building Appendix Chapter A1,

“Seismic Strengthening Provisions for Unreinforced Masonry Bearing Wall Buildings”› Applies to existing

buildings with at least one unreinforced masonry bearing wall

› Does not apply to alteration of existing electrical, plumbing, mechanical or fire safety systems

› Reduces risk of death or injury from effects of earthquakes on unreinforced masonry bearing wall buildings

Appendix Chapter A3, “Prescriptive Provisions for Seismic Strengthening of Cripple Walls and Sill Plate Anchorage of Light, Wood-frame Residential Buildings”› Applies to existing residential

buildings of light-frame wood construction containing one or more structural weaknesses

› Does not apply to Group R-1, R-2 or R-4 with > 4 units, elements embedded in ground, slabs on grade, cripple walls over 48", or buildings over 3 stories

› Reduces risk of earthquake-induced damage to wood-frame residential buildings

› Does not prevent use of alternate means and methods of complianceJanuary 9, 2015DOES NOT PREVENT LOSS OF LIFE OR INJURY, OR PREVENT EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE


Title 24, Part 10: Existing Building

UBC Standard 21-4, “Hollow and Solid Load-Bearing Concrete Masonry Units”› Based on ASTM C 90-95

UBC Standard 21-6, “In-Place Masonry Shear Tests”› Based on Sections A1 06.3.3

and A1 07.2 of the Uniform Code for Building Conservation

UBC Standard 21-7, “Tests of Anchors in Unreinforced Masonry Walls”› Based on Sections A1 07.3

and A1 07.4 of the Uniform Code for Building Conservation

UBC Standard 21-8, “Pointing of Unreinforced Masonry Walls”› Based on Section

A1 06.3.3.2 of the Uniform Code for Building Conservation

UBC Standard 21-13, “Hydrated Lime for Masonry Purposes”› Based on ASTM C 207-

91 (reapproved 1992)

January 9, 2015


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California Green Building Standards Code (CALGreen)› Unique to California —

published by ICC but not based on “model code” Heavily influenced

development of International Green Building Code (IGBC) published by ICC

2010 CALGreen heavily influenced by City of Los Angeles amendments to 2007 CALGreen

› Established minimum requirements but also voluntary “tiers” of more advanced/significant standards

January 9, 2015


Title 24, Part 11: CALGreen Purpose: Improve public health,

safety and general welfare by enhancing the design and construction of buildings through the use of building concepts having a reduced negative impact or positive environmental impact and encouraging sustainable construction practices in the following categories: › Planning and design › Energy efficiency › Water efficiency and

conservation › Material conservation and

resource efficiency › Environmental quality

Applies to planning, design, operation, construction, use and occupancy of every newly constructed building or structure in California.

Mandatory for all projects on January 1, 2011.

“It is not the intent that this code substitute or be identified as meeting the certification requirements of any green building program.”January 9, 2015


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California Referenced Standards Code› Unique to California —

published by ICC but not based on “model code”

› Established minimum requirements for testing/certification, installation, etc.

› Includes many otherwise discontinued standards, including old UBC standards

January 9, 2015


Title 24, Part 12: Referenced Standards Various model

codes adopted by reference into Parts 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 12 of Title 24 CCR

Applicable to many types of projects, including but not limited to school buildings and state-owned or state-leased essential service buildings.

Releasing Systems for Security Bars in Dwellings

Laboratory Animal Quarter Standards Stages and Platforms Fire-resistive Standards Materials and Construction Methods for

Exterior Wildlife Exposure Fire-resistive Standards for Fire

Protection Exits Building and Facility Access

Specifications Standards for Insulating Material Engineering Regulations for Quality and

Design of the Materials of Construction Radiation Shielding Standards Air Filters Protective Signaling Systems

January 9, 2015


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January 9, 2015

Summary

The California Building Standards Code (Title 24 of CCR)is the state building regulations established by the BSCwhich consists of 12 parts, including but not limited to:the California Building Code (Part 2),

the California Energy Code (Part 6),the State Historical Building Code (Part 8),

and the CALGreen Code (Part 11).


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January 9, 2015

Thank You!

Questions?

january 9, 2015 cse: the 12 parts of title 24 1. january 9, 2015 cse: the 12 parts of title 24 2...

Documents

parts of title

parts of california

adopted title

nonmodelcode title

state lawsuse of title

national model code

green building standards

historical building