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JAI HIND COLLEGE AUTONOMOUS

Syllabus for T.Y.BSc

Course : Chemistry

Semester : V

Credit Based Semester & Grading System

With effect from Academic Year 2018-19

 

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List of Courses

Course: Chemistry Semester: V

SR. NO.

COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE

NO. OF LECTURES

/ WEEK

NO. OF CREDITS

TYBSc

1 SCHE501 Physical Chemistry-I 4 4

2 SCHE502 Inorganic Chemistry-I 4 4

3 SCHE503 Organic Chemistry-I 4 4

4 SCHE504 Analytical Chemistry-I 4 4

5 SCHE5PR1 Practical Coursework in Physical

and Inorganic Chemistry-I 8 4

6 SCHE5PR2 Practical Coursework in Organic

and Analytical Chemistry-I 8 4

7 SCHE5AC Pharmaceutical Chemistry and

Paints & Pigments-I 4 2.5

8 SCHE5ACPR Practical Coursework in

Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Paints & Pigments-I

4 2.5

 

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Semester V – Theory 

Course: SCHE501

Physical Chemistry - I (Credits: 4 Lectures/Week: 4) Course description: Molecular Spectroscopy, Thermodynamics, Kinetics, Nuclear Chemistry and Surface Chemistry

Objectives: To understand the theoretical concept of molecular spectroscopy To differentiate between different types of molecular spectroscopy To explain the various colligative properties of solutions and to determine

the molecular weight using the property To engage the learner in the principles and properties of thermodynamics and

kinetics To introduce and explain the theory and applications of nuclear chemistry To understand the principle of adsorption and to determine the surface area

of an adsorbate

Unit I

Unit – I: Molecular Spectroscopy:

a. Dipole moment i. Introduction to dipole moment ii. Polarization of a bond, bond moment iii. Dipole moment and molecular structure

b. Rotational Spectrum

i. Conditions for obtaining rotational spectrum of a diatomic molecule

ii. Rigid rotor, moment of inertia iii. Energy levels iv. Selection rule, nature of spectrum v. Determination of internuclear distance and isotopic shift

c. Vibration spectrum

i. Vibrational motion, degrees of freedom ii. Modes of vibration iii. Vibrational spectrum of a diatomic molecule iv. Simple harmonic oscillator v. Energy levels vi. Zero point energy vii. Conditions for obtaining vibrational spectrum viii. Selection rules & nature of spectrum

d. Vibrational-Rotational spectrum of diatomic molecule i. Energy levels ii. Anharmonic oscillator

iii. Selection rule iv. Nature of spectrum, P and R branch lines, fundamental band,

overtones

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v. Application of vibrational-rotational spectrum in: 1. Determination of force constant and its significance 2. IR spectra of simple molecules - H2O and CO2

e. Raman Spectroscopy i. Scattering of electromagnetic radiation, Rayleigh scattering,

Raman scattering ii. Nature of Raman spectrum, Stoke’s lines, anti-Stoke’s lines

iii. Raman shift iv. Quantum theory of Raman spectrum

v. Comparative study of IR and Raman spectra, rule of mutual exclusion- CO2molecule

Unit II

Unit – II: Chemical Thermodynamics and Kinetics 1. Chemical Thermodynamics

a. Colligative properties Recapitulation

i. Concept of Vapour pressure and relative lowering of vapour pressure

ii. Measurement of lowering of vapour pressure - Static and Dynamic method

b. Solutions of Solid in Liquid i. Elevation in boiling point of a solution

Thermodynamic derivation of correlation between elevation in boiling point of the solution and molar mass of non-volatile solute

ii. Depression in freezing point of a solution Thermodynamic derivation of correlation between the depression in the freezing point of a solution and the molar mass of the non-volatile solute Beckmann Method and Rast Method

c. Osmotic Pressure i. Introduction ii. Thermodynamic derivation of Van't Hoff equation, van't

Hoff Factor iii. Measurement of Osmotic Pressure - Berkeley and Hartley's

Method iv. Reverse Osmosis (Numericals expected)

2. Chemical Kinetics

a. Methods of determination of rate laws Recapitulation

b. Experimental methods of studying chemical kinetics i. Conductometric

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ii. Potentiometric iii.Optical methods iv. Polarimetry v. Spectrophotometeric methods

c. Classification of reactions i. Slow, fast and ultra –fast ii. Study of kinetics of fast reactions by Stop flow method and

Flash photolysis (Derivation not expected)

Unit III

Unit III: Nuclear Chemistry

a. Detection and Measurement of Radioactivity i. Types and characteristics of nuclear radiations ii. Behaviour of ion pairs in an electric field iii. Detection and measurement of nuclear radiations using G.

M. Counter and Scintillation Counter

b. Radioactive Equilibrium i. Secular and transient ii. Determination of radioactive constants for radio-elements

having: I. Moderate half-life II. Long half-life III. Extremely long or short half-life (Numerical expected)

c. Application of use of radioisotopes as Tracers i. Chemical reaction mechanism ii. Age determination - dating by C14

d. Nuclear reactions

i. Nuclear transmutation ii. Artificial radioactivity iii. Q - value of nuclear reaction, threshold energy

(Numerical expected) e. Fission Process

i. Fissile and fertile material ii. Nuclear fission, chain reaction iii. Factors controlling fission process iv. Multiplication factor and critical size or mass of fissionable

material v. Nuclear power reactor and breeder reactor

f. Fusion Process

Thermonuclear reactions occurring on stellar bodies and earth

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Unit IV

Unit IV: Surface Chemistry

1. Adsorption

i. Physical and Chemical Adsorption ii. Adsorption isotherm and its types iii. Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm (Postulates and derivation expected) iv. B.E.T. equation for multilayer adsorption (derivation not expected) Significance of the terms involved in equation v. Determination of surface area of an adsorbent using B.E.T.

equation. (Numerical expected on surface area)

2. Colloidal State

a. Introduction to colloids Classification of colloids - Emulsions, Gels and Sols

b. Electrical Properties i. Origin of charges on colloidal particles ii. Concept of electrical double layer, zeta potential iii. Helmholtz and Stern’s model

c. Electro-kinetic phenomena i. Electrophoresis ii. Electro-osmosis iii. Streaming potential iv.Sedimentation potential; Donnan Membrane Equilibrium

d. Colloidal electrolytes Introduction, micelle formation e. Surfactants Classification and applications of surfactants in detergents,

food industry, pesticide formulation

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References:

1. Levine, Ira; Physical Chemistry, 5th Edition, 2002, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd.

2. Rakshit, P.C.; Physical Chemistry, 6th Edition, 2001, Sarat Book Distributors, Kolkota 3. Silbey, R.J. & Alberty, R.A. Physical Chemistry, 3rd edition , John Wiley & Sons, Inc

[part 1] 4. Castellan, G.; Physical Chemistry, 3rd edition, 5th Reprint, 1995, Narosa Publishing

House 5. Bockris, J.O.M & Reddy, A.K.N.; Modern Electrochemistry, Maria Gamboa – Aldeco

2nd Edition, 1st Indian reprint, 2006, Springer

 

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6. Banwell, Colin N.; McCash, Elaine M.; Fundamental of Molecular Spectroscopy, 4th

Edn., Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd. New Delhi, 2008 7. Cooper, D. & Devan, C.; Classical Methods, Vol. 1 Analytical Chemistry by Open

Learning, 1991, John Wiley & Sons 8. Barrow, G.M.; Physical Chemistry, 6th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd.

New Delhi 9. Atkins, P.W.; The Elements of Physical Chemistry,2nd Edition, Oxford University

Press, Oxford 10. Vemullapallie, G.K.; Physical Chemistry, 1997, Prentice Hall of India, Pvt. Ltd. New

Delhi 11. Puri, B.R.; Sharma, L.R.; Pathania, M.S.; Principles of Physical Chemistry, Vishal

Publishing Company, 2008 12. Bilmeyer, Fred W.; Textbook of Polymer Science, John Wiley & Sons (Asia)

Publishing Ltd., Singapore, 2007 13. Gowariker, V.R.; Viswanathan, N.V.; Sreedhar, Jayadev; Polymer Science, New Age

International (P) Ltd., Publishers, 2005  

   

 

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Course: SCHE502

Inorganic Chemistry - I (Credits: 4 Lectures/Week: 4) Course description: Chemical bonding, Solid State materials, Chemistry of f-block elements, Solution chemistry

Objectives: To apply various symmetry operations and to recognize the optical

activity phenomenon through them To understand about solid state synthesis and the properties of some

important solid state materials such as high temperature superconductors To understand the basic trend of f-block elements along with its extraction

and uses To understand the various types of solvents and their properties

Unit I

Unit – I: Chemical Bonding:

a. Molecular Symmetry i. Introduction and Importance ii. Symmetry elements and symmetry operations iii. Concept of a Point Group with illustrations using the

following point groups: Cαv (HCl), Dαh (H2), C2v (H2O), C3v (NH3), C2h (trans – trichloroethylene), D3h (BCl3)

b. Molecular Orbital Theory for Polyatomic Species

i. Simple triatomic species: H3+ and H3 (correlation between bond angle and Molecular

orbitals) ii. Introduction to the following terms: Walsh correlation diagram, Symmetry Adapted Linear

Combinations (SALCs), Ligand Group orbitals (LGOs) iii. Transformation of atomic orbitals into appropriate

symmetry types

c. Examples of other molecules(consider only σ -bonding): i. BeH2 ii. H2O iii. Explanation of terms: Crystal lattice, Lattice points, Unit

cells & Lattice constants

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Unit II

Unit – II: Solid State materials

a. Structures of Solid State Materials i. Importance of solid state chemistry ii. Classification of solids on the basis of bonding iii. Close packing of rigid spheres (hcp, ccp), packing density

in simple cubic, bcc, fcc and hcp lattices, Point defects with respect to Frenkel and Schottky defects

(Numerical problems expected) iv. Structure metallic solids v. Tetrahedral and octahedral interstitial voids in ccp lattice,

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tetrahedral holes, limiting radius ratios for different coordination numbers and their significance, calculation of limiting radius ratio for coordination number 4

vi. Structures of sodium chloride and cesium chloride

b. Superconductivity i. Superconductivity, Meissner effect ii. Different superconducting materials: conventional

superconductors, organic superconductors, alkali metal fullerides (A3 C60) and high temperature Superconductors

iii. Applications of superconducting materials Unit III

Unit III: Chemistry of elements

a. Inner transition elements i. Introduction ii. Position of f-block elements iii. Comparison between lanthanides and actinides

iv. Shapes of f-orbitals

a. Lanthanide Series i. Chemistry of lanthanides with reference to: lanthanide

contraction, oxidation states, magnetic and spectral properties ii. Occurrence, extraction and separation of lanthanides by

Solvent extraction method iii. Applications of lanthanides

a. Actinide Series i. Chemistry of Uranium: occurrence, extraction (solvent

extraction method) ii. Properties and applications

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Unit IV

Unit IV: Solution chemistry

a. Acid -base Chemistry in Aqueous Medium i. Acidity of mono- and polyatomic cations ii. Basicity of mono- and polyatomic anions (discussion include

Latimer equation and IV predominance diagrams) iii. Chemistry of Non -aqueous Solvents iv. Classification of solvents and importance of non -aqueous

solvents v. Characteristics and study of liquid ammonia, di-nitrogen

tetraoxide and acetic acid as non -aqueous solvents with respect to (a) acid -base reactions and

(b) redox reactions

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References:

1. D. Banerjea, (1993), Coordination chemistry, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi 2. D. F. Shriver and P. W. Atkins, 1999, Inorganic chemistry, 3rd Ed., Oxford

University Press 3. K. F. Purcell and J. C. Kotz, 1989, Inorganic chemistry, Saunders, Hongkong

 

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4. N. N. Greenwood and E. Earnshaw, Chemistry of elements, Pergamon Press, Singapore

5. W. L. Jolly, 1991 Modern inorganic chemistry, 2nd Ed. McGraw Hill Book Co. 6. B. E. Douglas and H. McDaniel, Concepts and models in Inorganic chemistry, 3rd

Ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, (1994) 7. G. N. Mukherjee and A. Das, 1988, Elements of Bioinorganic chemistry, Dhuri and

Sons, Calcutta 8. R. W. Hay, Bioinorganic chemistry, Ellis Harwood, England 9. R. C. Mehrotra and A. Singh, Organometallic chemistry: A unified approach, Wiley

Eastern, New Delhi  

   

 

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Course: SCHE501

Organic Chemistry - I (Credits: 4 Lectures/Week: 4) Course description: Nomenclature and Stereochemistry of Organic compounds, Mechanism of Organic reactions, Photochemistry, Pericyclic reactions and Organometallic Chemistry

Objectives: To understand the mechanism of varied organic reactions To visualize the stereochemical features of organic compounds To name the organic compounds on the basis of IUPAC rules To write the reactions of organometallic compounds of Copper & Zinc To explain the concept of photochemical reactions To apply the FMO approach in understanding pericyclic reactions

Unit I

Unit – I: Mechanism of Organic Reactions

a. Recapitulation: Curved arrows, intermediates, transition states, electrophilicity vs acidity & nucleophilicity vs basicity

b. Elimination reactions: mechanism & stereochemistry i. E1

ii. E2 iii. Factors affecting E1 & E2, (Elimination vs substitution)

Nature of substrate, Leaving group, Structure of base, Solvent

iv. Saytzeff & Hofmann elimination v. E1cB

vi. Pyrolytic elimination: Cope, Chugaev, Pyrolysis of acetates

c. Neighboring group participation (NGP) i. Participation of lone pair of electrons in nucleophilic

substitution reactions ii. Kinetics & stereochemical outcome of NGP reactions

d. Acyl nucleophilic substitution

i. Acid catalysed esterification – AAc2 mechanism ii. Hydrolysis of esters - BAc2 mechanism

e. Rearrangement reactions

i. Migration to electron deficient carbon: Pinacol-pinacolone, Benzil-benzillic acid

ii. Migration to electron deficient nitrogen: Hofmann, Beckmann

iii. Migration involving carbanion: Favorskii

f. Name reactions i. Michael reaction

ii. Wittig reaction

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Unit II

Unit – II: Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds I 1. Symmetry Elements, Symmetry Operations & Molecular chirality

a. Symmetry elements i. Point

ii. Line iii. Plane

b. Symmetry operations

i. Centre of symmetry ii. Axis of symmetry (principal & subsidiary)

iii. Alternating axis of symmetry iv. Plane of symmetry (horizontal, vertical & dihedral)

c. Asymmetry versus dissymmetry (with respect to tartaric acid- meso and the optically active isomers)

d. Molecular chirality of:

i. Cumulenes ii. Spirans

iii. Biphenyls

2. Cycloalkanes: conformations & configurations a. Strains in cycloalkanes (recapitulation) & principle strains in small, normal & medium ring compounds

i. Bayer's strain ii. Pitzer strain

iii. Transannular strain iv. Van der Waals strain

b. Configurations & stereoisomerism in substituted small ring cycloalkanes (3 and 4-membered)

c. Conformations of cycloalkanes

i. Confomational analysis of cyclopentane (planar conformation versus envelope conformation)

ii. Conformational analysis of cyclohexane Relative stabilities of conformations of mono & di- substituted cyclohexane

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Unit III

Unit III: Nomenclature, Organometallic Chemistry, Photochemistry & Pericyclic reactions 1. IUPAC Nomenclature

a. Bicyclic compounds i. Biphenyls

ii. Spiro iii. Fused & Bridged ring

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b. Cumulenes 2. Organometallic Chemistry

a. Organocopper compounds: Lithium dialkylcuprates- Preparation, Reactions with aliphatic, aromatic, vinylic halides

b. Organozinc compounds:

Reformatsky reaction, Simmon-Smith reaction (mechanism & applications)

3. Photochemistry a. Introduction:

i. Difference between thermal & photochemical reactions ii. Jablonski diagram

iii. Singlet & Triplet states iv. Allowed & forbidden transitions v. Photosensitization

b. Photochemical reactions:

i. Photoisomerisation of olefins ii. Di-π methane rearrangement

iii. Norrish Type I & Type II iv. Photoreduction of benzophenone to benzpinacol

4. Pericyclic Reactions

a. Introduction to pericyclic reactions: Definition & characteristics b. Types of pericyclic reactions with examples:

i. Electrocyclisation ii. Cycloaddition

iii. Sigmatropic rearrangement c. π-molecular orbitals of conjugated polyenes (concept of nodes and

energy of orbitals) d. Frontier Molecular Orbitals (FMO): Definition & significance e. FMO approach towards cycloaddition reaction - Diels alder

reaction & ethene dimerisation

Unit IV

Unit IV: Synthetic Organic Chemistry & Green Chemistry 1. Logic of Chemical Synthesis

a. Criteria for ideal synthesis b. Concept of yield- stepwise & overall c. Selectivity- chemo-, regio-, stereo- (enantio- & diastereo-) d. Types of synthesis- linear, convergent & domino e. Introduction to retrosynthesis

i. Terms- Target molecule (TM), retrosynthetic analysis, FGA, FGI, Disconnection, synthon & reagent

ii. Retrosynthetic analysis of small molecules f. Protecting groups in organic synthesis:

i. Compounds containing acidic protons (alcohols, amines)

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ii. Carbonyl groups iii. Carboxyl groups

2. Green Chemistry

a. Introduction, definition, need & importance b. Principles of Green Chemistry c. Atom economy, E-factor; calculation & significance

3. Newer methods in organic synthesis

a. Microwave assisted organic synthesis b. Ultrasound in organic synthesis c. Phase Transfer Catalysis including crown ethers d. Organic electrochemistry (reduction of nitrobenzene)

Synthetic photochemistry

References:

1. Finar, I. L. (2012) Organic Chemistry (Volume 1) Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. (Pearson Education)

2. Finar, I. L. (2002) Organic Chemistry (Volume 2: Stereochemistry and the Chemistry of Natural Products) Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. (Pearson Education)

3. McMurry, J.E. (2013). Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry, 7th Ed. Cengage Learning India Edition

4. Clayden, J.; Greeves, N.; Warren, S.; Wothers, P. (2012) Organic Chemistry. Oxford University Press

5. Solomons, T.W.G. (2009).Organic Chemistry. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 6. Barton, D.; Ollis, D. (2009). Comprehensive Organic Chemistry- The synthesis and reactions

of Organic Compounds. Pergamon Press 7. Kalsi, P. S. (1990) Textbook of Organic Chemistry 1st Ed. New Age International (P) Ltd.

Pub. 8. Eliel, E. L.; Wilen, S. H. (1994) Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, Wiley & sons 9. Kalsi, P. S. (2005) Stereochemistry, Conformation and Mechanism. New Age International 10. Furniss, B.S.; Hannaford, A.J.; Smith, P.W.G.; Tatchell, A.R. (2012).Practical Organic

Chemistry, 5th Ed., Pearson Education 11. March, J. (2007). March’s, Advanced Organic chemistry, 6th edition, John Wiley & sons 12. Sykes, P. (2009). A guide book of mechanisms in Organic Chemistry, 6th edition, Pearson

Education 13. Bruckner, R. (2005). Advanced Organic Chemistry-Reaction Mechanisms. Academic Press 14. Ahluwalia, V.K.; Parashar, R.K. (2006) Organic Reaction Mechanisms, Narosa Publishing

House 15. Mukherji; Singh; Kapoor. (2002) Reaction Mechanisms in Organic Chemistry. McMillan 16. Carey, F. A.;Sundberg, R. J. (2007).Advanced Organic Chemistry- Part A & B, 5th Edition.

Springer 17. Miller B.; Prasad R. (2004). Advanced Organic Chemistry – Reactions and Mechanisms,

Pearson/Prentice Hall 18. Singh J.; Yadav L. (2011), Advanced Organic Chemistry, Pragati Prakashan 19. Nasipuri, D. (2012) Stereochemistry of Organic compounds – Principles & Applications,

New Age International Ltd. 20. Robinson, M. (2005).Organic Stereochemistry. Oxford University Press 21. Gilbert A.; Baggott J. (1991), Essentials of Molecular Photochemistry, Blackwell Scientific

Publications 22. Lancaster M.; (2016) Green Chemistry: An Introductory Text, RSC publishers

 

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23. Anastas P.T.; Warner J.C.; (2000), Green Chemistry Theory & Practice, Oxford University Press

24. Ahluvalia V.K.; (2013), Green Chemistry, Narosa Publication.

 

   

 

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Course: SCHE501

Analytical Chemistry - I (Credits: 4 Lectures/Week: 4) Course description: Analytical Chemistry and Methods of Separation

Objectives: To provide a basic knowledge and understanding of core principles of

analytical chemistry To introduce basic analytical techniques and practical aspects of classical

chemical analysis To introduce stake holders to various modern instrumental methods of

analysis and separation techniques To solve problems related to chemical analysis and interpret analytical

results To inculcate research aptitude in learners To make learners aware about the applicability of analytical chemistry in

various fields

Unit I

Unit – I: Quality Concepts, Chemical Calculations, and Method Validation 1. Quality in Analytical Chemistry

i. Concepts of Quality, Quality Control and Quality Assurance

ii. Importance of Quality concepts in Industry iii. Chemical Standard and Certified Reference Materials iv. Importance in chemical analysis v. Quality of material: AR, GR, LR grades of laboratory reagents

2. Chemical Calculations

i. Review of units of concentration* (%, w/w, w/v or v/w, v/v), Normality(N), Molarity (M), Formality (F), Molality (m), mole fraction(X), ppm and ppb

ii. Inter conversion of concentration units* (Conversion of concentration from one unit to another unit with examples)

iii. Percent composition of elements in chemical compounds*

*( Numerical expected)

3. Analytical Method Development and Validation i. Concept of Analytical Method development

ii. Need for method development iii. Selecting the method iv. Factors to consider in choosing a method v. Performance criteria for methods to determine analyte in

samples with the complex matrix vi. Reasons for incorrect analytical results

vii. Regulatory framework viii. Validation of analytical method

ix. Need for validation

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x. Validation characteristics

Unit II

Unit – II: Methods of Separation - I 1. Solvent Extraction

i. Recapitulation ii. Factors affecting extraction: Chelation, Ion pair

formation and Solvation iii. Effect of pH on percent extraction iv. Graph of percentage extraction versus pH v. Concept of [pH] and its significance

(derivation not expected) vi. Craig’s counter current extraction:

a. Principle b. Apparatus

c. Applications vii. Synergistic solvent extraction- principle, factors

affecting viii. Solid phase extraction.

a. Principle b. Method c. Applications with special reference to water and industrial effluent analysis

ix. Comparison of solid phase extraction and solvent extraction 2. High Performance Liquid chromatography

(HPLC) i. Introduction and Principle

ii. Instrumentation- Solvent Reservoir, Degassing system, Pumps- (reciprocating pumps, screw driven-syringe type pumps, pneumatic pumps, advantages and disadvantages of each pump), Pre column, Sample injection system, HPLC Columns, Detectors (UV – Visible detector, Refractive index detector)

iii. Applications of HPLC: iv. Qualitative and Quantitative

High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC):

i. Introduction and Principle ii. Stationary phase, Sample application and mobile phase

iii. Detectors iv. Scanning densitometer- Components

Types of densitometer- Single beam and Double beam. v. Fluorimetric Detector vi. Advantages, disadvantages and applications

vii. Comparison of TLC and HPTLC

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Unit III

Unit III: Optical Methods 1. Atomic Spectroscopy: Flame Emission spectroscopy(FES) and

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy(AAS) i. Introduction, Energy level diagrams, Atomic spectra,

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Absorption and Emission Spectra ii. Flame Photometry –

a. Principle b. Instrumentation (Flame atomizers, types of Burners,

Wavelength selectors, Detectors) iii. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy – Principle, Instrumentation

(Source, Chopper, Flame and Electrothermal Atomiser) iv. Quantification methods of FES and AAS – Calibration curve

method v. Standard addition method and internal standard method

vi. Comparison of FES and AAS vii. Applications, Advantages and Limitations

2. Molecular Fluorescence and Phosphorescence Spectroscopy

i. Introduction, Principle, Jablonski diagram of energy levels ii. Relationship between Fluorescence intensity and

concentration iii. Factors affecting Fluorescence and Phosphorescence iv. Instrumentation and applications v. Comparison of Fluorimetry and Phosphorimetry

vi. Comparison with Absorption methods 3. Turbidimetry and Nephelometry:

i. Introduction and Principle ii. Factors affecting scattering of Radiation: Concentration,

particle size, wavelength, refractive index iii. Instrumentation and Applications

Unit IV

Unit IV: Titrimetric Analysis 1. Redox titrations

i. Introduction ii. Construction of the titration curves and calculation of Esystem

* in case of: a. Fe (II) v/s. Ce (IV) b. Fe (II) v/s KMnO4

iii. Theory of redox indicators iv. Criteria for selection of an indicator v. Use of diphenyl amine and ferroin as redox indicators

* (Numerical expected) 2. Complexometric Titrations

i. Introduction ii. Construction of titration curve

iii. Use of EDTA as titrant and its standardization iv. Absolute and conditional formation constants of metal

EDTA complexes v. Selectivity of EDTA as a titrant

vi. Factors enhancing selectivity with examples vii. Advantages and limitations of EDTA as a titrant

viii. Types of EDTA titrations ix. Metallochromic indicators- theory, examples and

applications

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3. Precipitation Titrations i. Introduction, Argentometric titrations, Construction of

titration curves. ii. Methods of detecting end point:

a. Volhard’s method b. Mohr’s method

iii. Use of Adsorption indicators

References:

1. Goldberg, David E.; 3000 solved problems in Chemistry, Schaums Outline 2. A guide to Quality in Analytical Chemistry: An aid to accreditation, CITAC and

EURACHEM, (2002) 3. Smith, Patricia I.; A premier sampling solids, liquids and gases, American statistical

association and the society for industrial and applied mathematics, (2001) 4. Fox, P. F., McSweeney, P. L. H.; An Advance Dairy Chemistry, V 3, Springer 5. Charalanbous, George; Analysis of food and Beverages, Academic press 1978 6. Dodd, James W. & Tonge, Kenneth H.; Analytical Chemistry of Open Learning

(ACOL) 7. Harvey, David; Analytical chemistry, McGraw Hill Companies, Inc. 8. Christan, Gary. D.; Analytical Chemistry, 5th edition 9. Dave, R. K., Analytical Chemistry 10. Skoog,West, Holler, Analytical Chemistry, 7th Edition 11. Chatwal, Gurdeep R.; Analytical Chromatography, Himalaya publication 12. Khopkar, S. M.; Basic Concepts of Analytical Chemistry, New Age International

Pvt Limited 13. Dean, J A, Reinhold, Van Nostrand; Chemical methods of separation, 1969 14. Egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/43329/1/Unit-8 15. Food Analysis, Edited by S. Suzanne Nielsen, Springer 16. Pomeranz Yeshajahu, Meloan, Clifton E.; Food Analysis: Theory and Practice,

Springer 17. Sa Jellineck, Formulation and Function of Cosmetics 18. Skoog, D .A.; West, D. M.; Holler, F. J.; Holt, Saunders; Fundamentals of

Analytical Chemistry, 6th Edition (1992) 19. Skoog and West, Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, 8th Edition 20. Government of India publications of food drug cosmetic Act and Rules 21. Dux VanNostr, James P.; Reinhold, Handbook of quality assurance for the

analytical chemistry laboratory, 2nd Edn.,1990 22. Harry’s Cosmetology, Longman Scientific Co. 23. Sethi, P.D.; High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography, CBS Publisher and

Distribution 24. Kumar, Prem; High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography in Food analysis,

CBS Publisher and distributer 25. Mahajan, Supriya S.; Instrumental methods of Analysis, Popular Prakashan Ltd 26. Dean, Willard Merritt; Instrumental methods Of Analysis, 7th Edition, CBS

Publisher and Distributors Pvt Ltd 27. Sharma, B.K.; Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis, Goel Publishing House 28. Zutshi, Kamala; Introduction to Polarography and Allied Techniques, New Age

International, 2006

 

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29. Thomessen, E., Modern cosmetics, Wiley Inter science 30. Skoog, Holler, Nieman; Principles of Instrumental Analysis , 5th Edition 31. Heyrovský, Jaroslav; Kůta, Jaroslav; Principles of Polarography, 1st Edition,

Academic Press, eBook ISBN: 978148326478 32. Konieczka, Piotr; Namiesnik, Jacek; Quality control and Quality assurance in

Amalytical Chemical Laboratory, CRC press (2018) 33. Prichard, Elizabeth; Crosby, Neil T.; Prichard, Florence Elizabeth; Quality in the

Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, John Wiley and Sons, 1995 34. Marcus, J.; Kertes, A. S; Solvent extraction and ion exchange, Wiley INC 1969 35. Jacob, Morris; The chemical analysis of food and food products, III edition 36. Pearson, David and Edward, Henry, The chemical analysis of food 37. Stahl, Egon; Thin Layer Chromatography, A Lab Handbook, Springer

International Student Edition 38. Jeffery, G. H.; Bassett, J.; Memdham,, J., Denney, R C; Vogel’s Textbook of

Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 5thEdn and ELBS with Longmann (1989) 39. Jeffery, G. H.; Bassett, J.; Memdham,, J., Denney, R C; Vogel’s Textbook of

Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 6thEdn and ELBS with Longmann

 

   

 

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Semester v – Practical 

Course: SCHE5PR1

Practical Course work in Physical and Inorganic Chemistry - I (Credits: 4 Practicals/Week: 2) Learning Objectives: To learn the method of determination of rate constant

conductometrically To apply the theoretical knowledge of electrochemical cells in

determination of ksp To understand experimental determination of isoelectric point using

pH metry To understand the shape and geometry of various complexes having

different ligands attached to it To understand the set up of glassware and apparatus to conduct

volumetric experiments in inorganic Chemistry To understand the use of various indicators for specific metal ions in

titration PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL Non- Instrumental Experiments

A. Chemical Kinetics i. To interpret the order of a reaction graphically from the given

experimental data and to calculate the specific rate constant (No fractional order) ii.To study the effect of ionic strength on the rate of reaction

between K2S2O8 and KI using KCl

B. Surface phenomena To investigate the adsorption of acetic acid on activated charcoal

and to test the validity of Freundlich / Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm

C. Partition Coefficient To determine the distribution coefficient of iodine between carbon

tetrachloride and water

Instrumental Experiments

D. Potentiometry i. To determine the standard reduction potential of Cu++ǁCu electrode at

room temperature ii. To determine the solubility product and solubility of AgCl

potentiometrically using chemical cell

 

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E. Conductometry i. To determine the velocity constant of alkaline hydrolysis of ethyl

acetate by conductometric method

F. pH-metry i. To determine the acidic and basic dissociation constants of amino

acids and hence to calculate the isoelectric point

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL

A. Preparations i. Potassium diaquo bis- (oxalate) cuprate (II) K2[Cu(C2O4)2.(H2O] ii. CuCl2 - 2DMSO iii. Bis(ethylene diamine)iron (II) sulphate [C2H4(

NH2)2FeSO4.4H2O] iv. Skill based qualitative preparation of Chromium (II) acetate Cr(OAc)2

B. Volumetric analysis i. Determination of magnesium from the supplied commercial sample

of Milk of Magnesia tablet ii. Estimation of Nickel(II) complexometrically using Murexide

indicator (Students are expected to standardize the supplied EDTA solution using ZnSO4.7H2O)

 

   

 

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Course: SCHE5PR2

Practical Course work in Organic and Analytical Chemistry - I (Credits: 4Practicals/Week: 2) Learning Objectives: To identify the nature of the components of a binary mixture To separate the components of a binary mixture by chemical/physical

method To purify the components of binary mixture by

recrystallization/distillation To identify the components of a binary mixture To provide a practical knowledge and hands on training of analytical

chemistry and instrumentation To inculcate aptitude for experimentation and treatment of data in

learners To provide knowledge on preparation of analytical reagents, solutions

and their molar calculations ORGANIC CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL 1. Binary Mixture Type I: Solid-Solid Binary Mixture

a. To identify the type of the binary mixture b. To separate the components based on the type c. To identify one component of the binary mixture d. To purify the other component of the binary mixture

The given types will be from one of the following listed below:

a) Water soluble acid + Water insoluble solid b) Water soluble neutral + Water insoluble solid c) Water insoluble acid + Water insoluble phenol d) Water insoluble acid + Water insoluble base e) Water insoluble acid + Water insoluble neutral f) Water insoluble base + Water insoluble neutral

2. Binary Mixture Type II: Solid-Liquid Binary Mixture & Liquid-Liquid

Binary Mixture

a. To identify the type of the binary mixture b. To separate the components by physical method c. To identify one component of the binary mixture d. To purify the other component of the binary mixture

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL 1. Spectrophotometric estimation of fluoride 2. Estimation of magnesium content in Talcum powder by complexometry,

using standardized solution of EDTA 3. Estimation of Copper by solvent extraction methods 4. To determine potassium content of a Fertilizer by Flame Photometry

 

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(Calibration curve method) 5. To determine the amount of persulphate in the given sample solution by

back titration with standard Fe (II) ammonium sulphate solution. 6. Estimation of barium from the given sample conductometrically by

titration with sulphuric acid

 

   

 

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Course: SCHE5AC

Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Paints & Pigments -I (Credits: 2.5 Lectures/Week: 4) Course description: Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics & Drug Development, and Nomenclature & Classification of Dyes & Optical brighteners; Fibres; Colour & chemical constitution; Unit Processes & Dye Intermediates

Objectives: To acquaint the learner with different terms associated with

medicinal chemistry, and their significance To understand the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a

given drug molecule To recollect various pharmacodynamic agents used for varied

systemic disorders To reproduce the classification and nomenclature of dyes and

optical brightners To analyse the colour of a dye/pigment based on the different

theories of colour and constitution To write the synthesis of a given drug/dye

Outcomes: <Not Given by Dept>

PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY Unit I

Unit – I: Routes of Drug administration, Pharmacokinetics & Drug development 1. General Introduction

a) Definitions- Pharmacology, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, pharmacophore, pharmacy & toxicology

b) Definition of drug (WHO), Characteristics of an ideal drug, Classification of drugs

c) Drug Nomenclature: Chemical name, non-proprietary name (Generic name), proprietary (Brand) name

2. Routes of Drug administration

a) Factors governing choice of route

b) Local Routes-Topical, optic and ocular; transdermal; implantation

c) Systemic routes- oral; sublingual; buccal; rectal; nasal; inhalation and nebulization; parenteral- intramuscular, intravenous, intrathecal and intracardiac

3. Pharmacokinetics: ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism & Excretion)

a) Absorption & distribution: Bioavailability, log P, drug distribution

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b) Metabolism- Phase I and Phase II metabolic reactions &

biotransformations

c) Excretion (with correlation to drug dosage) 4. Drug Development

a) Introduction: Lead & its sources

b) Properties of a desirable drug: Lipinski's rule of 5

c) Preclinical development

d) Clinical development: Phase-wise trials

e) Intellectual Property Rights Unit II

Unit – II: Pharmacodynamics & Pharmacodynamic agents 1. Mechanism of Drug Action

a) Principles: stimulation, depression, irritation, replacement & cytotoxic action

b) Mechanism of drug action

c) Drug-receptor interactions (agonist, antagonist, theories of interaction & drug-receptor chirality)

d) Dose-response relationship i. Introduction to dose response curves (DRC)

ii. Drug potency & efficacy iii. Selectivity: LD50, ED50 & therapeutic index

2. Pharmacodynamic agents

a) CNS drugs: Classification based on pharmacological action (CNS depressants & its sub-classification; and CNS stimulants)

v. Benzodiazepines (Diazepam) vi. Alcohols

vii. Barbiturates (Classification and Mode of action) viii. Hydantoin (Phenytoin)

ix. Phenothiazines (Chlorpromazine) x. Amphetamine (Phenylethylamine)

(Asymmetric synthesis from phenyl acetic acid)

b) Analgesics, antipyretics & NSAIDs iii. Analgesic & antipyretic: p-Aminophenols (paracetamol) iv. Mechanism of inflammation, mode of action of NSAIDs

(COX inhibitors) & side effects Aspirin, sodium diclofenac

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c) Antihistamines i. Mechanism of histamine release & its action

ii. H1 and H2 receptors & mode of action of antihistamines iii. First generation (sedating histamines):

Diphenylhydramine (Synthesis) iv. Second generation (non-sedating histamines): Cetrizine

(Synthesis from 4-chlorobenzhydryl chloride)

d) Antidiabetic agents i. Types of diabetes mellitus (Type I & II), insulin & its

mode of action ii. Insulin therapy- Recombinant DNA technology

iii. Oral hypoglycemic drugs: mode of action iv. Sulfonylureas;

First generation (tolbutamide) Second generation (glibenclamide)

v. Biguanides (metformin) vi. Thiazolidinediones (pioglitazone)

vii. α-Glucosidase inhibitor (miglitol)

PAINTS & PIGMENTS Unit III

Unit III: Nomenclature & Classification of dyes & Optical brighteners, Fibres 1. Introduction to dye-stuff industry

a. Definition b. Colour, chromophore & auxochrome c. Solubility, linearity, coplanarity d. Fastness, substantivity & economic viability e. Mordants with examples

2. Dye nomenclature

a) Abbreviations used in commercial dyes- G, O, R, B, K, L, C, S, H, 6B, GK, 6GK

b) Naming of dyes by colour index 3. Types of fibres

a) Natural: cellulosic & proteinaceous (wool, silk & cotton) structures & names of dyes applied to different fibres

b) Semi-synthetic: definition & examples

c) Synthetic: nylon, polyesters & polyamides- structures & names of dyes applied

d) Blended fabrics: definition & examples

4. Forces binding dyes to fibres: Ionic, Hydrogen bond, van der Waal's & covalent linkages

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5. Classification of Dyes a) Classification of dyes based on origin

i. Natural dyes- definition, limitations, examples (henna, turmeric, saffron, indigo, madder, chlorophyll

ii. Synthetic dyes- definition, milestrones in development of synthetic dyes

b) Classification of dyes based on constitution

c) Classification of dyes based on dyeing methods i. Basic operations involved in dyeing process: preparation

of fibres, preparation of dyebath, application of dyes, finishing

ii. Dyeing method of cotton: direct dyeing, vat dyeing, mordant dyeing, disperse dyeing

d) Classification of dyes based on application (examples with structures)

i. Acid Dyes- Orange II ii. Basic dyes- Methyl violet

iii. Direct cotton dyes- Benzofast yellow 5GL iv. Azoic dyes- diazo components: Fast Yellow G, Fast

Orange R v. Mordant dyes- Eriochrome Black A, Alizarin

vi. Vat dyes- Indanthrene Brown RRD vii. Sulphur dyes- Sulphur black T (no structure)

viii. Disperse dyes- Celliton Fast Brown 3R ix. Reactive dyes- Cibacron Brilliant Red B

6. Optical brighteners

a) Introduction & important characteristics

b) Classes- stilbene, coumarin, heterocyclic vinylene derivatives, diaryl pyrazolines, naphthylamide derivatives

c) Structure of Blankophor R & Tinopal BV Unit IV

Unit IV: Colour & Chemical constitution, Unit Process & Dye Intermediates 1. Colour & Chemical Constitution of Dyes

a) Absorption of visible light, colour of wavelength absorbed, complementary colour

b) Relation between colour and chemical constitution: i. Witt's Theory: chromophore, auxochrome, bathochromic

shift, hypsochromic shift, hypochromic & hyperchromic effect

ii. Armstrong theory (quinonoid theory) & its limitations iii. Valence bond theory, comparative study and relation of

colour in the following classes of compounds/dyes:

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benzene, nitrobenzene, nitroanilines, nitrophenols, benzoquinones, azo, triphenylmethane, anthraquinones

iv. Molecular Orbital Theory 2. Unit process

a) Introduction to primaries & intermediates

b) Unit processes: definition & reagents, examples of the following unit processes with reaction conditions (mechanism not expected)

i. Nitration ii. Sulphonation

iii. Halogenation iv. Diazotization (3 different methods & its importance) v. Ammonolysis

vi. Oxidation 3. Dye Intermediates

a) Benzene derivatives: Preparation of: i. benzenesulphonic acid

ii. 1,3-benzenedisulphonic acid iii. phenol iv. resorcinol v. sulphanilic acid

vi. o-, m-, p-chloronitrobenzenes vii. o-, m-, p-nitroanilines

viii. o-,m-, p-phenylene diamines

b) Naphthalene derivatives: Preparation of: i. α, β-naphthols

ii. α, β-naphthylamines iii. Schaeffer’s acid iv. Tobias acid v. Naphthionic acid

vi. N-W acid vii. Cleve-6-acid

viii. H-acid ix. Naphthol AS ix. Naphthol ASG

c) Anthracene derivatives: Preparation of:

i. 1-nitroanthraquinone ii. 1-aminoanthraquinone

iii. anthraquinone-2-sulphonic acid iv. 1-chloroanthraquinone v. 2-chloroanthraquinone

vi. benzanthrone    

 

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References: Unit I and II 1. Siverman, Richard, B., Organic Chemistry of Drug Design and Drug Action, 2nd Edition. (2005). Elsevier (Academic Press) 2. Bruice, Paula Y., Organic Chemistry, 8th Edition (2013). Pearson Education India. 3. Voet, Donald, & Voet, Judith G., Biochemistry, 4th Edition, (2011). International Student version 4. Sriram, D., Yogeeswari, P., Medicinal Chemistry, 2nd Edition, Pearson 5. Kar, Ashutosh, Medicinal Chemistry, Revised 3rd Edition, (2006). 6. Alagarsamy, V., Textbook of Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. 2, 3rd Edition. CBS Publications and Distributors Pvt. Ltd. 7. Ahluwalia , V.K., Chopra, Mahu, Medicinal Chemistry, 1st Edition (2007). CRC Press 8. Thomas, Gareth, Medicinal Chemistry: An Introduction, 2nd Edition, (2010). Wiley India Pvt. Ltd. 9. Lemke, Thomas, L., William, Zito, S., Roche, Victoria, S., Williams, Davis, A., Essentials of Foye’s Principles of Medicinal Chemistry, 1st Edition, 2016, South Asian Edition (Wolters Kuwer). 10. Patrick, Graham, L., An Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry, 4th Edition (2011), OUP India Unit III and IV 1. Venkatraman, K., Chemistry of Synthetic Dyes, Vol. I-VIII, Academic Press, 1972 2. Lubs, H.A., Krieger, Robert, E., The Chemistry of Synthetic Dyes and Pigments, Publishing Company, NY, 1995 3. Shenai, V.A., Chemistry of Dyes & Principles of Dyeing, Sevak Publications, 1973  

   

 

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Course: SCHE5ACPR

Practical Course Work in Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Paints & Pigments -I(Credits: 2.5 Practicals/Week: 1) Learning Objectives: To prepare drug intermediates/drugs/dye intermediates on a bench

scale To estimate the concentration of drugs in a given sample, quantitatively To develop the skill of separation of the components of a natural

pigment using paper chromatography To handle a colorimeter for estimation of dyes

PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL

1. Preparation of Paracetamol from p-aminophenol/Aspirin from Salicylic acid

2. Preparation of Phenytoin from urea & benzyl 3. Estimation of Ibuprofen (Back titration mthod) 4. Estimation of Tincture iodine

PAINTS & PIGMENTS PRACTICAL

1. Preparation of p-nitroacetanilide from acetanilide 2. Preparation of p-nitroaniline from acetanilide 3. Separation of components of natural pigments by paper

chromatography (e.g. chlorophyll) 4. Colorimetric estimation of methyl orange (determination of λmaxis

expected)  

   

 

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Evaluation Scheme 

A. Evaluation scheme for Theory courses I. Semester End Examination ( SEE)- 100 Marks

B. Evaluation scheme for Practical courses

I. Semester End Examination ( SEE)- 200 Marks