issn 2548-6217

1 International Conference of Integrated Intellectual Community (ICONIC)

2016

ISSN 2548-6217

ISSN 2548-6217

ISSN 2548-6217


2016

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INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF INTEGRATED

INTELLECTUAL COMMUNITY

(ICONIC)

PROCEEDING

Vol. 2

Germany, December 2016

Reviewers and Editors

Trismono Candra Krisna, Editor in Chief, University of Leipzig

Novi Andriany Teguh, Secretary, University of Stuttgart

Abdul Basit, Member, Universität Hamburg

Ayu Savitri Nurinsiyah, Member, Universität Hamburg

Arif Luqman, Member, University of Tübingen

Galih Senja Titah Aji Bangga, Member, University of Stuttgart

Herlan Darmawan, Member, University of Potsdam

Noorlaila Hayati Isya, Member, Technische Universität Braunschweig

Ruri Agung Wahyuono, Member, University of Jena

Tutut Arinda, Member, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology

Umilaela Arifin, Member, Universität Hamburg


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COMMITTEE OF ICONIC 2016

Board of Advisor

Dr.-Ing. Fauzi Bowo

Ambassador of the Republic of Indonesia for the Federal Republic of Germany

Sylvia Arifin

Consul General of the Republic of Indonesia for the Federal Republic of Germany in Hamburg

Dr. rer. nat. Ahmad Saufi

Educational Attaché of the Indonesian Embassy in Berlin, Germany

Yanti Mirdayanti, M.A.

Lecturer of Bahasa Indonesia in University of Hamburg. Germany

Immanuel Hakiki

President of Perhimpunan Pelajar Indonesia Jerman

Board of Steering Committee

Galih Senja Titah Aji Bangga Iva W Tjoeng

Coordinator Member

Trismono Candra Krisna Immanuel Hakiki

Editor in Chief Member

Organizing Committee (OC)

Akhmad Hafidz Irfandi : Chairman

Vigenda Herald : Vice Chairman

Dhevi Aristi Hermanda : Secretary

Afifa Maysarah : Deputy Secretary

Hafidah Rachmadani : Treasurer

Avina A. Purwanto : Deputy Treasurer

Rininta Safira : Head of Project Division

Alvin Rindra Fazrie : Head of Marketing Strategy and Media Division

Yuni Syalfina Syam : Head of Venue and Technical Support Division

Ryan A. Z. Soripada : Head of Services and Operations Division

Ismail Fata Robbani : Head of Commercial Division

Andi Faidil Akbar : Head of General Affairs


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EDITORIAL

First of all we thank to God, Allah SWT, for His blessing to the International Conference of

Integrated Intellectual Community–ICONIC 2016 which had been held smoothly and this conference

proceeding had been finished/completed on time.

ICONIC 2016 was held on 29–30 October 2016 at the TU Hamburg-Harburg, Hamburg,

Germany bringing the theme of “Industrial Revival: Optimizing Strategy on Bussiness, Government,

and Education” and inaugurated by Indonesian ambassador for Federal Republic of Germany, Dr. -

Ing. Fauzi Bowo. The scientific scope of ICONIC 2016 was broad and categorized into 10 fields: [1]

Education and Government Policy, [2] Business and Economy, [3] Energy, Technology, and Industry,

[4] Medicine, [5] Infrastructure Development, [6] Agriculture, Food Industry, and Maritime, [7]

Natural Science, [8] Tourism, [9] Social and Culture, and [10] Environment. Overall, we accepted 60

extended abstracts from total of 254 abstracts submission for all fields. Eventually, only 42 papers

were accepted to be presented during the meeting. Furthermore, we had successfully invited Prof. Dr.

–Ing. Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie (3rd Indonesian President – Aviation/airplane Expert), Dr. Ir.

Bambang Setiadi (Director of National Research Council), Faisal Basri, M.A, (Economy and Politic

expert), Dr. rer. nat. Ahmad Saufi (Education and Culture Attache, Indonesian Embassy Berlin), Ir.

Hasbi Assidiq Syamsuddin (General Secretary of Industry Ministry ILMATE) as keynote speakers for

ICONIC 2016.

The output of ICONIC 2016 is expected to contribute factually as well as to give real solutions,

and can be implemented to address our national challenges especially in the industrial field at many

aspects. Last but not least, we thank to all of the stakeholders for the genuine support to the meeting

of ICONIC 2016 and to publish the conference proceeding..

”TOGETHER WE CREATE THE FULL PICTURE”

Leipzig, 30 December 2016

on behalf of ICONIC 2016

Trismono Candra Krisna

Editor in Chief


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TABLE OF CONTENT

Committee of ICONIC 2016 3

Editorial 4

Keynote Speeches 9

Contributed Papers

CP01 Sharethesis.com: Marketplace Thesis as a Medium of Empowerment and

sustainability

14

CP02 Study in Optimizing Nickel Production in Sulawesi-Indonesia through The

Independence of Technology and The Triple Helix Approach

18

CP03 Study Area Housing Decentralization Water Supply Service Branch

Central City Semarang

28

CP04 Spatial and Ecological Analysis of Tourism Tagline "Enjoy Jakarta" 34

Abstracts of Presentations

A: Education and Governmental Policy

A001 The Well-implemented Local Governance in Indonesia: An Experience of

Yogyakarta Municipality

43

A002 The Effort for Industrial Revival in Indonesia Through Education Reform:

The Evaluation of Education Curriculum in Indonesia with Gontor

Curriculum as Alternative Solutions

43

A003 Developing Research Competencies of Pre-Service English Teacher (A

Case Study on Material Development in English Department, Islamic

University of Indonesia

44

B. Business and Economy

B001 Halal Products of Indonesia : Brand Prospect & Competitiveness 45

C. Energy, Technology and Industry

C001 Strategic Map of Crowdfunding to Support Documentary Film Industry in

Indonesia

46

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C002 Transportation Based Application through Information Technology

System in the 21st Centuries

46

C003 CFD Analysis of Hydrodynamically Lubricated Journal Bearing (A Case

Study: The Potential Use of Water Lubricant)

47

C004 Optimization and Reduction Possibility of Cylinder Oil Feed Rate

Consumption in Low Risk (A case study: At one ship operated by shipping

company in Indonesia)

47

C005 Implementation of Wave Energy Conversion Using Oscillating Water

Column to Advance Fisherman's Electric Vessel in Parepare City

48

C006 The fundamentally of Green Mine Optimization Strategy into Protection

Acid Mine Drainage toward Sustainable Water Flow

48

C007 LCGC Road Slope Based AFR Varying Control Using Hybrid PI-Fuzzy 49

C008 Adaptive Pitch and Transmission of Small Wind Turbine to Meet Energy

Demand for Industrial Revival

50

C009 Adsorption of Remazol Yellow from Aqueous Solution by Chitosan from

Snail Shell as an Adsorben: Isoterm Studies

50

C010 Algae Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) as An Alternative of Renewable Energy

to Support Indonesia Energy Independency 2025 Program

51

C011 Application of Combined System As Sea Water Purification Method for

Coastal People

51

C012 Decolorization of vat violet 1 dye from industrial textile waste water using

biofilm of fungal and bacterial consortium

52

C013 Design for Sensor Systems of the Arm Robot to Pick Up Plastic Parts in

Injection Molding Machine in the Manufacturing Industry

52

C014 Value Mapping Analysis of Developing Offshore Wind Turbine in

Southwest Maluku Indonesia

53

D. Medical Science

D001 The Role of Organisational Justice as Mediation between Organisational

Ambidexterity and Irritation among Foreign Physicians in Germany

54

D002 A Literature Study: Utilization of Antioxidant Compounds in Rice Bran

(Oryza sativa) for Ischemic Stroke Disease Prevention and Adjuvant

Therapy

54

D003 Mosquito Lamp Solar Power Integration: Innovation Repellant Aedes

Aegypti to Reduce the Incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever

55


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E. Infrastructure Development

E001 Speed Bump and Pavement Floor as Ground Electric Generator to Sustain

Tourism Spot Activity

56

F. Agriculture, Food Industry and Maritime

F001 Flowers and Ecological Engineering: a New Direction for Increasing Rice

Yield

57

G. Natural Science

G001 Isolation and Antimicrobial Activities of Ironwood Extracts (Euxiderxylon

zwageri) for Mouthwash Formulation

58

G002 Glucosamine Preparation from Acid Hydrolysis of Chitin under

Microwave Irradiation

58

G003 Utilization of Avocado Seed Starch for Biodegradable Medical Pads 59

H. Tourism

H001 Indonesia Ageless Island: Optimizing the Gili-Iyang as Conservation Area

with Highly O2 for Tourist Resort

60

H002 Indonesian Tourism Industry Revival through Halal Tourism 60

H003 Exploring Tulungagung Tourism Potential by Using Place, Art Culture,

and Food in Coro Beach

61

H004 Getting to Know The Attractive Backpackers 62

H005 Wedi Ombo Coral Reef System as a Role Model of Smart Educational

Tourism and Integrated Zoning

62

I. Social and Culture

I001 A Model of Utilization of May Day Celebration through "NOJTP" (A Case

in Indonesia)

64

J. Environment

J001 Optimization E-Waste Management by Empowering Local Communities at

MRF

65


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J002 Sorting Waste as an Alternative Way to Reduce Waste from Fast Food

Restaurant in Depok

65

J003 Risk Management for Water Sustainability on Transit Oriented Development

(TOD) Walini

66

J004 Mathematical Model Approach and Optimization of Fish Wastes Treatment

for Biogas

66

J005 Underground Geological Storage Application Methods to Reduce Emissions

of Carbon Dioxide in the Process of Palm Oil Production in East

67

J006 Planning of Community Based Wastewater Treatment Provision

68

Barcode ISSN 69


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PLENARY SPEECHES

From Harmony with Diversity to Nurturing Relay Culture for Indonesia

Speaker: Prof. Dr. Ing. H. Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie, Former President of the Republic of Indonesia

Moderator: Agus Pramono

Compiled by: Ayu Savitri Nurinsiyah, Universität Hamburg

Summary. During the event of ICONIC 2016, former president of the Republic of Indonesia Prof. B.J. Habibie

shared his knowledge, experience as well as advices for Indonesian scholars and intellectuals. He highlighted

three important issues for Indonesia: the importance of living harmony in diversity, the needs of

industry/employment and develop a relay-race culture. Indonesia as a country with high diversity in terms of

background, culture and religion should harness these factors and create a positive synergy. The positive synergy

between culture and religion will generate faith and taqwa. Meanwhile, the positive synergy between education,

knowledge and technology will create a high productivity. However, even extraordinary productivity will not

be valuable without employment. Company or industry is an important vehicle to enhance expertise. Experts

and specialist are important. In addition, it is crucial to establish policy based on the country’s necessity and

available experts.

According to Habibie, Indonesia is currently defeated by its neighboring countries due to the lack of

“relay-race” culture. Building and developing a country cannot be done only by a single person, single party or

single generation. It requires a step by step construction. The current “baton runner” should prepare both the

receiver and the baton. The receiver should be a better and faster runner. The next generation as the baton

receiver also needs to prepare themselves. In order to receive the baton, they should understand and be a better

runner. Therefore, all of the work does not have to be conducted from the beginning, instead, improving the

better and revising the unsuitable ones. The process of baton transfer also should be cautiously conducted

because the process is not always smooth.

Finally, Habibie conveyed his advice to ICONIC 2016 participants in particular and Indonesian in general

that we should develop the “relay-race” culture. He also emphasized that “If not you who build Indonesia, who

else will? However, you cannot build your country by yourself. You have to encourage other fellow Indonesians

wherever and from wherever they are”.

[OFFICIAL] ICONIC 2016 - Prof. Dr. -Ing. Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vWYLjPfJ2Vw

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vWYLjPfJ2Vw


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Outlook Industry Development in Indonesia 2016

Speaker: Ir. Hasbi Assidiq Syamsuddin, Directorate General of Metal, Machinery, Transportation and

Electronic Industry -Ministry of Industry, the Republic of Indonesia

Moderator: Prio A. Setiawan

Compiled by: Umilaela Arifin, Universität Hamburg

Summary. Current vision of Indonesia in industrial area is to leverage Indonesia’s position to become world’s

developed country by 2030 and world’s biggest economy by 2050 through sustainable and inclusive high

economic growth. To achieve these goals, government has set up three main industrial policies: (1) development

of industrial zone outside Java; (2) population growth of 9000 medium and large industrial unit; and (3)

improvement of competitiveness & productivity. These policies are transformed into action by structuring the

future national industry (until the year 2025) into regional based core competence industries, manufacture

industry based, and future leading industry. The key point of those three industries is innovation based on

research and development. Furthermore, until the year of 2025, industrial development is focusing on

strengthening industrial structure, promoting more investment of sector metal, machinery, transportation, and

electronic as well as increasing national capacity. Metal industry development is targeted to increase the number

of metal consumption up to 70.000 kg/capita. Machinery and agricultural equipment industry focusing on

improving three main sectors (energy and electrical equipment, machine tools and medical device). Moreover,

maritime industry also planned to build various type of vessels up to 150,000 DWT; have facilities for ship

repair up to 300,000 DWT; NaSDEC become center of excellent in ship design and engineering; ship component

industries are capable to fulfill at least 70 percent of the national demand. In electronic and ICT sector, Indonesia

can be an alternative for IT Outsourcing/Off-shoring and develop national policy for local content of electronics

and ICT Product.


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Towards Indonesia with High Competitiveness and Enhancement of Research and Technology

Speaker: Dr. Ir. Bambang Setiadi, IPU, Chairman of National Research Council of Indonesia

Moderator: Dr. Arif Darmawan

Compiled by: Trismono Candra Krisna, University of Leipzig

Summary. DRN aims to support the minister to formulate direction, priority, and framework of government

policy in field of research, development, and application of science. The government established National

Research Council (DRN) which has members from people community and research institution. Indonesian

development based on natural resources (SDA) has been going to be vanish e.g. oil, forest, fish, which correlate

to the increasing of environment degradation. The pledge of Indonesia in the future is the renewable human

resources (SDM), product of natural resources, natural resources and energy, renewable and nonrenewable

natural resources, product of diversification and quality enhancement of natural resources and energy. We have

to protect out natural resources not to be enjoyed by foreign country which is possible as long as we do not

develop our human resources. Country which establish vision and competitiveness e.g. Norway is expert to find

oil in the deep ocean, Finland moves from forest to gadget, USA to hydrogen economy, Chinese with the pole

of growth. During 2002, we did deep ocean research in the trough of Java’s sea and find out that there is

hydrocarbon trap in the Hindia’s ocean suspected that 40% of production of offshore oil in the whole of the

earth source in this area. While Chinese focuses on the development of solar cell when they were accused to be

the biggest source of pollution, even in the 2019 they claimed that they will have the biggest solar cell farm

with 2 GW. On the 2015 has already started the development of Sahara’s Desertec based on the solar energy

from Saharan region to Europe which will contribute 30% of electricity demand in the Europe in the 2050. From

the description above can be concluded that innovation and competitiveness are very important. Innovation

altogether with research in the industry sector is the key of competitiveness in the global production network

and global innovation network.


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Industrial Acceleration to Avoid Middle Income Trap

Speaker: Faisal Basri, MA, Indonesian Economic Expert

Moderator: Deniey A. Purwanto

Compiled by: Galih Bangga, University of Stuttgart

Summary. During the new order era, the economic strength of Indonesia was steadily increased reaching

its peak in 1987. Afterwards, it was decreasing until collapsed due to the well-known Indonesian crisis in

1998, marked by the fall of the Soeharto’s era. This particular event eliminated the public, national and

international trust toward the government and brought up a huge impact on the Indonesian economy. As a

consequence, most of the strategic industries failed to secure their funding and lapsed. In fact, the general

index of several parameters which defines Indonesian economy is decreasing. For instance, the Gross

Domestic Product (GDP) decreased by 0.36 during 6 years post-crisis from 2010 to 2016, remarkably

below the neighboring countries like Singapore or Malaysia.

The condition of economy for a particular country has a direct influence on prosperity of its citizen

in which an individual living in a country with weak economic power tends to have smaller income than

the stronger one. Indonesia is categorized as a country with middle income, and less likely to avoid this

condition if usual business strategy is adopted. The probability to avoid the middle income condition is

only 9% for 10 years, 12% for 20 years and 18% for 30 years, implying that the chance is meager.

Eichengreen et al. (2013) explained that the economy in the middle income countries will face two threats:

the trap of per capita income between 10,000-11,000 dollars and between 15,000-16,000 dollars.

Indonesia’s export structure still fails to exhibit improvement in increasing the role of high technology-

based exports, as indicated by its low and ever decreasing export contribution value (Basri and Putra, 2016).

Meanwhile, the performance of the manufacturing sector is also poor. In terms of quality, human capital

in Indonesia is extremely poor. The cognitive ability of Indonesian students should be immediately

accelerated so that economic transformation can go smoothly from low wage labor-based industries

towards skilled labor-based production. The school enrollment ratio for secondary and tertiary education

must also be increased (Basri and Putra, 2016).

It was described by Eichengreen et al. (2013) that the key escape of the trap is that a large share of

high-tech exports is negatively associated with the likelihood of a slowdown points to the same conclusion.

Intuitively, the inherited stock of human capital shapes a country’s ability to move up the technology ladder

and its capacity export products embodying advanced technology. As they reach middle income status,

emerging markets typically import advanced technology from more developed countries. Taking the next

step, which involves adapting imported technology to local conditions and embodying it in exports with

high local content, it requires a pool of highly skilled workers (Basri and Putra, 2016). Basri and Putra

(2016) concluded that the only means to escape from the low and middle income trap is through

strengthening the industrial sector. Thus the role of national leadership, in this case of the President is vital

and crucial. Nawacita must be utilized for formulating effective industrial policies. To date, Indonesia is

yet to possess a fundamental economy which secures the country’s escape from the middle income trap.

The country is weak in human capital in terms of health and education, and also in its lack of a firm vision

on industrial policy. The condition is worsened by a large and widening wealth gap, whereas human capital

and social harmonization are vital prerequisites for a successful industrial policy.


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The role of Indonesian Students in Germany to Strengthen Strategic Partnership among

Academician, Industry, and Government

Speaker: Dr. rer.nat. Ahmad Saufi, Attache of Education and Culture, Embassy of the Republic Indonesia

for Germany

Moderator: Abrian Harahap

Compiled by: Ruri Agung Wahyuono, University of Jena

Summary. Indonesia current economic situation engages the society to rebuild industries which are based on

the local patents and product developments. The proposed increasing industries are expected to create more jobs

and, hence, alleviate the increasing poverty number. Therefore, strategic partnership among academicians,

government and industries is in dire need for industrial revival. Integrating research outcomes, which is feasible

to mass productions, in the respective industries is a key challenge for initial partnership. In this regard

governments should play role to mediate scientists, researchers and industries by ruling the paradigm and

perception and building consortia of national researches involving industries and academicians. In summary,

several steps toward strategic partnership are the following: (i) to improve the collaboration between research

centers and business communities/industries, (ii) to improve the collaboration among industries, (iii) to engage

the industries to do R&D for improving product quality, (iv) to improve government researches which are

relevant to the state owned enterprises, (v) to accelerate the conversion of research outcome into products, (vi)

to improve the competencies and services of research center, and (vi) to transfer knowledge to the business

communities, particularly small and medium enterprise. Among several steps mentioned above, how could

students in Germany contribute to strengthen strategic partnership? Students as part of either academician or

scientist have in general a role as the agent of change. In fact Indonesian students pursuing bachelor, master or

PhD in Germany are about 4000 (Winter Semester 2014/2015), the majority of which are taking engineering,

sciences, and also law and economics. In the view of building strategic partnership these students are considered

as important assets for transferring knowledge and technologies they have learned in Germany to other

academicians and scientists, governments, local or even state owned industries in Indonesia. As the agent of

change who will bring new chapter of knowledge into Indonesia, students in Germany are expected to learn

working ethics and culture, to master their competencies, to broaden their networks by extracurricular

organizations, to complete their study with distinction and to dedicate themselves to the nations.


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CONTRIBUTED PAPERS

CP01.

Sharethesis.com: Marketplace Thesis as a Medium of Empowerment and Sustainability

Benefits of Research

1A. Fahmi Baharuddin, Hasto Khoirru Rachman, Desti Triyana

Brawijaya University

1Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract. Number of population below 16 years and between 16–30 years reaching 120 million (BPS, 2013).

This is one of the reasons that Indonesia will be having a demographic bonus in 2020. These numbers of

population is spreading all over Indonesia, in rural and urban area, with the ration, aging below 16 years to

30:30 million. At the same time, there is another fact relating to this population. There are currently 5 million

people having higher education in Indonesia. Comparing to population below 16 years, there is 1:12 people who

have higher education. Reminding that Indonesia is currently facing globalization and ASEAN Economic

Community, especially in free labors market. Moreover, having demographic bonus means that (1) quantity of

productive population should be directly proportional to their quality or expertise (2) development in many

sectors in the country will implicates the need of specialized expertise in specific field. If the two points cannot

be anticipated as soon as possible, probably many of the youth will only remain as workers in our own country.

There is also another fact that thesis has been done by the higher students are mostly kept well in the university

library after being graduated. Most of these thesis are not being implemented in the society or being followed

by further studies. However, such theses are actually a deep study product that can easily be implemented by

society or educated for the society. One more fact in 2015, there are approximately 55 million internet users in

the country and the number is still growing. Therefore, due to the facts mentioned above, one of the possible

implemented solutions for the youth in higher education aspect is through internet. It is so termed, thesis social

media library. A market place for students to share their thesis so that it will useful for others to learn. It is

expected that the youth that do not have access to higher education still can learn what thesis are and its

implication in a specified study. Practically, the filters can be in the form of its thesis title or certain name of the

area that the thesis has been conducted. Furthermore, the proposed idea can solve the current problem to bridge

the youth all over the world, especially in developing growing internet user country.

Keywords: Marketplace, Population, Research, Thesis

Introduction

Number of population below 16 years and between

16 – 30 years reaching 120 million (BPS, 2013). This is

one of the reasons that Indonesia will be having a

demographic bonus in 2020: number of productive

population is more than dependent population. These

numbers of population is spreading all over Indonesia, in

rural and urban area, with the ration, aging below 16 years

to 30:30 million. At the same time, there is another fact

relating to this population. There are currently 5 million

people having higher education in Indonesia. In which,

comparing to population below 16 years, there is 1:12

people who has higher education. Reminding that

Indonesia is currently facing globalization and

ASEAN Economic Community, especially in free labors

market, such higher education really an essential tools for

the youth to survive in such condition. Moreover, having

mailto:[email protected]


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demographic bonus means that (1) quantity of productive

population should be directly proportional to their quality

or expertise (2) development in many sectors in the

country will implicates the need of specialized expertise

in specific field. If the two points above cannot be

anticipated as soon as possible, probably many of the

youth will only remain as workers in our own country.

Hence, in an instant moment, there should be a solution to

bridge the gap between productive population having

higher education and those who do not have.

There is also another fact to be considered. Thesis

that has been done by the higher students is mostly kept

well in the university library after being graduated. Most

of these thesis are not being implemented in the society or

being followed by further studies. However, such theses

are actually a deep study product that can easily be

implemented by society or educated for the society. One

more fact at present is that there is still a growing internet

user in Indonesia. In 2015, there are approximately 55

million internet users in the country and the number is still

growing. Therefore, due to the facts mentioned above, one

of the possible implemented solutions for the youth in

higher education aspect is through internet.

It is so termed, thesis social media library. A

market place for students to share their thesis so that it will

not only remain as requirement for graduation and kept in

the library but also useful for others to learn. It is expected

that the youth that do not have access to higher education

still can learn what thesis are and its implication in a

specified study. So that, the needs of specialized expertise

can be fulfil the market place. Practically, the filters can

be in the form of its thesis title or certain name of the area

that the thesis has been conducted. Furthermore, the

proposed idea can solve the current problem to bridge the

youth all over the world, especially in developing growing

internet user country.

Literature Reviews

Sharethesis.com is digital commercial library that

allows users to publish and distributing scientific research

easily time and anywhere. Of business process

sharethesis.com consisting of the process of the core

business site and server, maintenance site, searching

database, the process of upload journal, the download

journal, advocates of business process of security, backup

database, digital promotion library, payment (the payment

system) and processes business development of the design

site and architecture database. Users must log in before

access to documents on sharethesis.com. The site contains

list of folders with several categories field of study that

can be access. Users can then be upload or download

documents. The document used in sharethesis.com only a

PDF.

Figure 1 Table a groove business process of sharethesis.com

Theoretical Basis

E-commerce can be in define as application of

technology telecommunication network to perform a

business transaction, the exchange of information and

maintaining relations with consumers before, during and

after the purchase process (Costa 2001; Haag, Cummings

& Dawkins 1998; Post & Anderson 2000; Zwass 1998).

Based on Robert (2000; 30) there are five types of

mechanisms can be adopted:

B2C (business to customer). The enterprise services the

needs of the retail customer.

B2B (business to business). An enterprise services the

needs of other business. This is accomplished through

either a vertical portal or a horizontal portal. Vertical

portal offer a service or product to a single industry type,

while horizontal portals offer a service across multiple

industries.

B2G (business to government). An enterprise services the

needs of a government or its agencies.

G2B (government to business). Governments interact

with businesses (or citizens) through government portals.

The expected globally entrenching media research for

young researchers Indonesian to publish his work so it can


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be exploited benefits widely whether it is by the industry,

small to medium-sized enterprises (SMES), or the

community in general. Through sharthesis.com, people

can share ideas by do upload and download the idea,

tracing what they need effectively and efficient.

Sharthesis.com designed to meet a public need in

education. Many ideas the idea that need either industry

or the community in innovate, learning and research. In

conclusion, the concept of educational model

sharethesis.com beneficial for the as solution various

problems in Indonesia.

The e-consortium. A new vehicle through which multiple

businesses come together to provide a leveraged service

to either business or retail customers; i.e., leveraging the

strength of individual organization and focusing them as

a collective powerful force into the online.

B2C (business to costumer)

Characteristic of business to costumer that is a

serve that is used general by mechanism can be used by

multitude. Example: because of the system web already

known and uses a base web services. Approach client/

server often used where taken the assumption client

(consumer) use the minimal web- based and processed

(business procedure) laid on server side. The greatest

benefit of e-commerce namely can increase earnings

sales, this as in the results research (Maryama, 2013) the

percentage of 31 % of the variable. Benefits next been

increased the number of customers with the percentage of

24 %. Study which states that benefits the use of e-

commerce in business gain customers new put forward by

Hamill and Gregory (1997), Swatman (1999), and

Hofman and Novak (2000). Used e-commerce allow the

company gain customers whether it is derived from

domestic market and overseas markets.

According to Ramirez et al. (1998) claimed that

there was a reciprocal relation (two-way relationship)

between human capital and economic growth. As the

capital base of the development, the targeted

development and also culprit. Hence, the success of a

development depends on its inhabitants, moreover if

supported by large number of resident and quality.

One of the lack of the number of scientific

publication international be indicators the low quality of

research in Indonesia is limited access researchers us up

to international journals. Subscriptions a journal of the

year is enough money to a researcher civil servants. Let

alone that optimal, then a researcher to subscribe to more

than 1 the journal because it in one area certain

disciplines, usually some scientific journal recognized as

a reference international.

The low of the government research and

development expenditure which has lasted for very long

resulted in cessation the development of science and

technology in Indonesia. So that the government research

and development institutions in Indonesia incapable of

developing itself research and development into leading

institution in the area of regional though. It can be seen to

the low output of research and development institutions in

Indonesia in international publication. Next picture shows

that in the period of the last 10 years the publication of

Indonesia in the international arena is much lower than for

other ASEAN countries like Singapore, Thailand and

Malaysia. Malaysia in every year, average producing

international journal of fourfold Indonesia, Singapore

even close eight times Indonesia.

This was caused by one of the reasons these

institutions do not have access the newest information of

the development of research and development of science

and technology from a source of international, due to

limited funds allocated by the government. As a result, the

researchers not have the opportunity to gain access latest

the development of science and technology, through

journal-journal international on their field. By itself this

has resulted in the quality of research conducted by

researchers at the research institutions cannot be increased

or even to deteriorate and in a consequence they are not


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ISSN 2548-6217

able to make a publication worthy to be published in the

international journal. Empirical experience indicating the

level of international significant publication progress

experienced by Malaysia and Philippines since it provides

access to the international journal for the researcher.

The Implementation

The expected globally entrenching media

research for young researchers Indonesian to

publish his work so it can be exploited benefits

widely whether it is by the industry, small to

medium-sized enterprises (smes), or the community

in general. In the region of ASEAN itself, Indonesia

still live in bottom. Meanwhile, as quoted from

scimago institutions rankings (scimagojr.com) that

from year 1996-2014, there are about 34.963.102

publication of documents from around the world to

remember the need for results of research as the

development of science and technology. Hopefully

with a sharethesis.com is expected to build culture

and interest research let alone supported by access

communication between users around the world, it

means research can also come from various the state

in accordance origin the researcher’s countries.

Conclusion

Through sharthesis.com, people can share

ideas by do upload and download the idea, tracing

what they need effectively and efficient.

Sharthesis.com designed to meet a public need in

education. Many ideas the idea that need either

industry or the community in innovate, learning and

research. Historically Indonesians has been affected

by education. In conclusion, the concept of

educational model sharethesis.com beneficial for the

as solution various problems in Indonesia.

References

[1] Haag, S., Cummings, M., & Dawkins, J. 1998,

‘Management Information Systems for the Information

Age’, McGraw-Hill, USA.

[2] Hamill,J, and Gregory, K,1997, Internet Marketing in

the Internationalization of UK SMEs, Journal of

Marketing Management, Vol 13. pp. 9-28

[3] Hofman, D.L and Novak, 1995, How to acquire

Customers on the Web, Harvard Business Review, May –

June, pp.179 – 188

[4] http://www.internetlivestats.com/internet-users-by-

country/

[5] http://www.scimagojr.com/

[6] Plant, Robert.2000. “Ecommerce: formulating of

strategy”. USA: Prestice-Hall, Inc.

[7] Ramirez, HM; Kang, K; Seth, R et al. 2002. Cellulart

aspects of Atopic Dermatitis: Overniew. In Bieber and

Leung (eds) Atopic Dermatitis, Mercell Dekker, Inc. New

York-Besel. pp 217-230.

[8] TosiyasuL. Kunii,“Practicing Global Openness in

Education: From Elementary Schools to Graduate

Schools”, dali 2001(Digitaland Academic Liberty of

Information), March 26-29, 2001, Aizu- Wakamatsu,

Japan.

[9] Zwass, V 2003, ‘Electronic Commerce and

organizational innovative: aspects and opportunities’,

International Journal of Electronic Commerce, vol.7(3),

pp. 7-37.

http://www.internetlivestats.com/internet-users-by-country/

http://www.internetlivestats.com/internet-users-by-country/

http://www.scimagojr.com/


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CP02.

Study in Enhancing Nickel Production in Sulawesi-Indonesia through the Independence of

Technology and the Triple Helix Approach

1Ilmi Mayuni Bumi, 1Maulana Malik Sadiqun, 1Sungging Pintowantoro

1Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia


Abstract. This paper presents a study on how to optimize nickel production in Sulawesi-Indonesia through the use

of ITS Smelter and recommends an idea on how to implement it with the triple helix approach. In 2008, Indonesia

fulfilled 19% of the world’s nickel ore needs with a value of $524,259,508. Hence, it was the largest producer of

mined nickel ore in 2013 with 440.000 tons nickel mined production. Indonesia has not reach this optimum point of

increasing nickel value, as it can still be optimized up to 80%, noting that the typical value distribution ration of

nickel ore compared to refined nickel is 20:80. The concept of triple helix that synergy the three elements between

university, industry, and government is the core point of any national implementation activities. Neither the university

nor industry sector, both is strong enough to become the organizer of regional innovation. On the other hand, the

ownership relations among university, industry, and government mandate that only government can become the

organizer. Thus, government pulls the other two spheres to achieve regional innovation through UU Minerba No.4

year 2009. Challenges emerge as the amount of smelters in the country is low and the cost in building is expensive.

This down streaming-agenda can be started by finding an advance, economical, and suitable technology of smelter

independently, cooperating with nickel industry holder, supported by the government by its policies and/or its

platform through the state-owned enterprises. Minerals and Materials Processing Laboratory Institut Teknologi

Sepuluh Nopember had studied and designed an advance, efficient, economic Mini Blast Furnace technology named

ITS Smelter. The ITS Smelter replaces the function of conventional Blast furnace, expensive to produce.

Implementing the ITS Smelter technology and integrating each stakeholders would be an effective approach in

addition to forming a team of stakeholders to execute this plan through a national project that can be organized

centered by the government or universities.

Keywords: Triple Helix, Nickel, Smelter, Mining, Independence Technology, Nickel Production

Introduction

As one of primary metals, nickel has an

important role in industry. By its applications, nickel

commonly added as alloying element to increase the

mechanical properties of metals, also widely used for

stainless steel making up to 65% of the usage.[2]

Nickel has Ni as its chemical symbol with 28 as its

atomic number. Physically, nickel is a silvery-white

lustrous metal with a slight golden tinge, hard, and

ductile. A pure native nickel is commonly found in

ultramafic rocks and some are in earth's crust but only

in tiny amounts.[3][4]

The global production of nickel is presently

used as follows: 46% in nickel steel; 34% nonferrous

alloys and superalloys; 14%electroplating, and 6%

other uses.[5][6] It is used in many specific consumer

products and recognizable industrial, including

rechargeable batteries, stainless steel, coinage, electric

guitar strings, alnico magnets, microphone capsules,

plating on plumbing fixtures,[7] and special alloys. As

an alloy metal, nickel’s chief use is in nickel steels and

nickel cast irons, of which there are many varieties.

Nickel is widely used in many other alloys, including


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nickel brasses alloys with copper, lead, cobalt,

chromium, silver, aluminium, and gold.[8]

Seeing the needs of nickel uses, supported

with the condition of nickel resources in Indonesia,

nickel could be a promising commodity in Indonesia.

Distribution of nickel potential in Indonesia

predominantly located in the area of Sulawesi,

particularly in the Southeast Sulawesi. Data shows

that Southeast Sulawesi areas have a high nickel

resources amounting to 97 billion tons with its wide

distribution as big as 480 thousands hectares.

Research about the grade of nickel in

Southeast Sulawesi areas with region of pick-test in

two districts, Konawe and Kolaka, shows that its

geochemical soil content in 21.710 ppm = 2.17% Ni

up to minimum 665 ppm = 0.067% Ni, while the

direction of the vertical depth of the discovery of the

mineral garnierite that rich of Ni ranges in 4.2-7 m

grading 1.4% to 5.5%.[9]. The concept of the

university–industry–government relationships (Triple

Helix) is used as a method to help this optimization

agenda realized. This thesis is a potential for any

innovation developments in a knowledge society.[10]

A significant body of Triple Helix provides a general

framework to explore complex innovation dynamics

and to inform regional, national, and international

innovation & development policy-making.[11].

Triple Helix systems are defined as a set of

these three; 1) Components, consists the institutional

sectors of government, university, and industry. 2)

Relationships between components, such as

collaborations, collaborative leadership, substitution,

technology transfer, conflict moderation, and

networking. 3) Functions, the main function of a

Triple Helix system is to accommodate both

individual and institutional roles in innovation and

explain variations in innovative performance related

to the articulation between the innovation itself,

knowledge, and consensus spaces. [12]

Regarding mining commodities, Indonesian

government has stated since 2009 that it is compulsory

for any parties who are about to export minerals and

coals, to increase the value-added of the minerals and

coals mentioned through the minerals processing and

refining inside the country, until it reaches certain

purities (UU Minerba No.4 year 2009). Nickel is

included as one of the mining commodities mentioned

there.[13] Up on its first realization in 2014 which is

five years after officially stated and till today, this rule

has not been fully implemented yet since the amount

of minerals refining tools (smelter) inside the country

have not reach enough number to support this

hilirisasi-agenda. In effect, many owners of the mining

business license (IUP) has to stop their mining

activities because they cannot export their mined

minerals since it hasn’t reach its minimum limit of

purities to get permission from the government to

export them. [14]

Nickel Potential in Sulawesi

The data showed nickel potential in Southeast

Sulawesi have been exploited since 1934 by Oost

Borneo Maatschappij (OBM) and Bone Tolo

Maatschappij. Many rocks that are included in

Mandala Geology Sulawesi Eastern Part, were

dominated by ultramafic rocks. The Southeast

Sulawesi Province has the potential mineral deposits

of metal which is closely associated with this rocks,

the mineral base metals, such as nickel, iron, and

chromite.

Southeast Sulawesi has a large nickel

resources, the number reached 97 billion tons with its

wide distribution as big as 480 thousands hectares.

The status of nickel region in Southeast Sulawesi

Tenggara are 283.561,84 hectares (59%) in the area of

other land uses (APL), 170.300 hectares (35%) in the

area of protected forest (Hl), and 26.170, 28 hectares

(5%) in the area of conservation forest.

The nickel potential here spread in 7 districts,

encompass North Konawe, North Kolaka, Konawe,

Kolaka, Bombana, South Konawe, and Buton. Where

the most distribution is in the region of North Konawe

which is 46 billion tons, followed by Bombana with

28,2 billion tons, then Kolaka with 12,82 billion

tonnes, the rest are South Konawe and other three

districts. From this seven districts, four of them are

chosen to be the alternative of the mining industry

development area which are North Konawe, South

Konawe, North Kolaka and Kolaka. The green areas




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showed in Fig. 1 is the areas of nickel resources

distribution.[9]

Based on this conditions, this paper serves a

study to optimize the nickel production in Sulawesi-

Indonesia so the amount of exported processed or

refined nickel metal as one of a primary metals can be

increased. The optimization mentioned is studied in

two aspects, the technological aspect and its

implementation that involved the elements of triple

helix. This paper study expected to be the idea of

collaboration to achieve national independence and

contribute to the progress of the country.

The large nickel potential in this area has

prompting many mining activities in Southeast

Sulawesi. The amount of mining business license

(IUP) issued by each districts in Southeast Sulawesi

reached 528 IUPs, where 350 IUPs (66% of the total)

are IUP for nickel. This shows that mining activities

in this province is dominated by nickel business

activities.

Total nickel IUP that still active on mining

production per October 2013 are 61 IUPs (17%),

where in the operations production status are 166 IUPs

(47%), and exploration amounting 184 IUPs (52%).

There are 6 regions with a large amount of nickel IUP,

there are North Konawe amounting 157 IUPs with an

active production operations as big as 14 IUPs, North

Kolaka with 50 IUPs which are 10 of them are doing

the production operations actively, Konawe 46 IUPs

which 3 of them are active, Kolaka 31 IUPs which 15

of them are actively do operations, South Konawe

issued 29 IUPs with 3 active IUPs, and Bombana

issued 19 IUPs with 4 IUPs active. [14]

Based on data, the total area of active nickel

IUP that still proucing reached 118.186 hectares,

which means only 0,3% of the total land area of

Southeast Sulawesi. The most extensive region used

for mining activities is North Konawe (42.441

hectares) and Kolaka (8.864 hectares). [15]

The pattern of nickel ore fulfillment for

smelter in Southeast Sulawesi is based on the smelter

building plan, the needs of ores, the amount of IUPs

that produce ores, and the amount of ore reserves. The

amount of companies that have built and have planned

nickel smelter is 20 companies and the amount of

active IUPs in production before the regulation from

the government about exporting ores applied is

distributed in South Konawe with 5 smelters 8 IUPs,

North Konawe with 8 smelters 14 IUPs, North Kolaka

3 smelters 10 IUPs, Bombana 2 smelters 4 IUPs,

Kolaka 1 smelter 16 IUPs, and Konawe 1 smelter for

3 IUPs. The amount of absorbed nickel ores the

smelter plan is as big as 16.821.000 tons per year with

the Ni grade around 1,1-1,9%. On the other hand, the

average amount of nickel production per year in

Southeast Sulawesi is about 21.576.875 tons, therefore

total amount of unabsorbed nickel ores per year

reached 8.805.409 tons.

If it is specified corresponding to the smelter

building plan, the uptake ores for smelter in each

districts will be 4.671.000 tons in South Konawe,

3.840.000 tons in North Konawe, 1.900.000 tons in

North Kolaka, 2.060.000 tons in Bombana, 3.500.000

tons in Kolaka, and 850.000 tons in Konawe. When it

is linked with the amount of IUPs that actively do the

productions activities (60 IUPs), and the level of

nickel ore consumptions on smelter in each districts, it

shows that there is a potential of oversupply as big as

8.805.409 tons per year. This oversupply only based

on the amount of IUPs that actively do the productions

activities and has not included the potential of nickel

ores supply from IUPs with inactive production that

reached 164 IUPs. The oversupply of nickel ores

indicates that there are some IUPs that actively do the

production activities but dont do mining activities

since smelter companies are commonly in corporate

with the big IUPs (group) and has not reach the small

IUPs.

Based on questionnaire and interview with the

owners of nickel IUPs in Southeast Sulawesi, the

information obtained is that most of the small IUPs

will not build smelter and they are expecting to

investors to build smelter that its nickel ores will

fulfilled by them. The problems faced by those small

IUPs holders is the limited financial capabilities to

build smelter, nickel ores, and technology.[14]


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Figure 1. Nickel resources distribution map.

Table 1.Productions and consumptions of nickel ores in order to build smelter.

District

Inactive

productio

n of IUP

Active

productio

n of IUP

Productios

(tonnes)

Capacity

(tonnes)

Oversupply

(tonnes)

North Konawe 71 14 7.431.866 3.840.000 3.591.866

Buton 5 5 1.047.364 0 1.047.364

North Kolaka 26 10 3.641.593 1.900.000 1.741.593

Bombana 11 14 828.475 2.060.000 1.231.525

South Konawe 12 8 5.067.549 4.671.000 396.549

Konawe 12 3 56.758 850.000 793.242

Kolaka 27 16 3.503.270 3.500.00 3.270

TOTAL 164 60 21.576.875 16.821.000 8.805.409


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Table 2. ITS Smelter general specification.

No Components Specification

1 Furnace Set D:3.5 m, H:7.5 m, 50 m3, Double wall with water jacket system, SiC brick for bosh,

paint coated 600C , skit car with hopper, with 3 thermocouple set

2 Operator Set Full boundary, Bucket Conveyor, reservoir system for input material, control unit set

with full inverter system, vertical stair

3 Piping Coated 600C, troweling alumina wall

4 Sintering L: 50 m , W: 3.5 m, SK34 wall, 3 thermocouple K type, rail way system, IDF blower

type with inverter VSD control

5 Water scrubber Stainless steel with cyclone system, water circulation batch system

6 Chimney H:20 m, D:1 m, coated with standard paint

7 Raw material

crusher

3x2m hopper with screen, Double roller crusher with adjustable width. Two drum at

upper side and two drum at below. With belt conveyor for feeding briquetting plant

8 Coal crusher Roller crusher with adjustable width, 3x2 m hopper with screen, with belt conveyor

for feeding coal bin.

9 Dolomite crusher Roller crusher with adjustable width, 3x2 m hopper with screen, with belt conveyor

for feeding dolomite bin.

10 Briquetting plant Single roller briquette, with belt conveyor for feeding raw material stock

11 Bin bin for raw material, coal, dolomite, end product

12 Magnetic separator 3 Net conveyor, 2 impact crusher, 2 rod mill, 2 magnetic separator, and bin for end

product

13 Electrical Wiring set, 2 set 150kva genset, with control room

14 Cooling tower WF construction support, PEX Piping, water pond integrated

15 Workshop spare

part and safety

Welding, cut, drill, etc. 2month spare part. Shoes, gloves, helm, mask, face shield,

fireproof shirt.


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Figure 2. General Layout of ITS Smelter.

Table 3. Comparison ITS Smelter vs Standard Blast Furnace

Aspects ITS Smelter Standard Blast Furnace

Added

materials

Using Coal as a reductant and fuel, resulting in lower

the production cost

Using coke, so the cost of production

is much higher

Drying process Drying process, or sintering process using tunnel kiln

with fuel derived from methane gas coming from

waste gas

Drying process using rotary dryer, or

tunnel kiln with independent fuel in

the form of gas, oil, or pulverized coal

NPI result The result of NPI production with much higher Ni

percentage (15%-25%), in a single process

The result of NPI production with

lower Ni percentage (4%-8%), in a

single process

Air flow rate Using high air flow rate, so with same furnace size,

higher production speed.

Using low air flow rate

By using coal, the slag becomes more By using coke, the slag becomes less

Design Simple design, shorter time period for installation and

fabrication

Longer time period needed for

installation and fabrication

Power needs Low power requirement. Only using generator set

instead of power plant,

High power requirement. Using

power plant


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Fig. 3. Balanced Triple Helix Configuration

Table 4.Energy and mineral resources minister regulation No. 8 year 2015 concerning minimum percentage of nickel purity to

be exported.

No Ore comodity Mineral

comodity

Minimum

limitation product Minimum limitation quality

1 Nickel and/or

Cobalt (smelting

process)

a. saprolit

b. limonit

Pentlandit

Garnerit

Serpentinit

Karolit

Nickel mate, alloy

metals, and nickel

metal

a. Ni Mate ≥ 70% Ni;

b. FeNi ≥ 10% Ni;

c. Nickel Pig Iron (NPI) ≥ 4% Ni;

d. Logam Ni ≥ 93%; and/or,

e. NiO ≥ 70% Ni.

2 Nickel and/or

Cobalt (leaching

process) Limonit

Pentlandit

Garnerit

Serpentinit

Karolit

Oxide metals,

sulphide metals,

mix

hydroxide/sulfide

precipitate, and

hydroxide nickel

carbonat

a. Logam Ni ≥ 93%;

b. Mix Hydroxide Precipitate (MHP) ≥ 25% Ni;

c. Mix Sulfide Precipitate (MSP) ≥ 45% Ni;

d. Hydroxide Nickel Carbonite (HNC) ≥ 40%

Ni;

e. NiS ≥ 40% Ni;

f. Logam Co ≥ 93%;

g. CoS ≥ 40% Co;

h. Logam Cr ≥ 99%; and/or

i. Cr2O3 ≥ 40%.

3 Nickel and/or

Cobalt (reduction

process)

a. saprolit

b. limonit

Pentlandit

Garnerit

Serpentinit

Karolit

Alloy metals a. FeNi spon (sponge FeNi) ≥ 4% Ni;

b. Luppen FeNi ≥ 4% Ni; and/or

c. Nugget FeNi ≥ 4% Ni.


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The Use of Independence Technology

It is believed that independency is one of the

highest values of a country. Using technology made by

its own country can be a sustainable way in the future

regarding the same areas of the technology needs. When

the idea comes from inside the country, empowering its

own engineers, building it with its own materials

resources, economically it can be counted as cheaper

without import or international shipping costs.

Furthermore, the independence of technology can

support the sustainability of the technology itself.

Technology also become one of the core points in the

mining areas and mineral processing. In the mineral

process of nickel mining commodity, it requires minerals

refining tools known as smelter.

ITS Smelter as the technology used

There must be many variables that need to be

considered before deciding which technology will be

used in an industrial based operations. This section

presents the working principle of ITS Smelter, its general

specification, the economic analysis, and the comparison

with standard blast furnace (not Indonesian made).

The working principle of ITS Smelter as blast

furnace for production of Nickel Pig Iron (NPI) is almost

similar to the working principle of standard blast furnace

for production of Pig Iron. The difference is in the tuyeres

design, type of fuel used, and composition of the input

materials, air flow rate, and the tapping technique. This

differences causing loss of a lot iron, so that the finished

product of NPI will obtained a high Ni content (25%-

30%) in single process. If the expected Ni content to be

produced is above 30%, this can be done by secondary

process in another refining specialized design of blast

furnace or another kind of furnace. With coal as fuel

used, have many advantages. The heat source, the

reductant, maintain Fe content, and with gasification

process inside blast furnace, will produce methane gas as

fuel for tunnel kiln. [16]

The Triple Helix Approach

Each elements of triple helix in Indonesia have

responded to the nickel production activity. The

government of Indonesia has set an agenda called

hilirisasi. In this hilirisasi-agenda, the government want

to increase the added value of minerals in order to have

more income than only exporting raw materials. While

the technology needed to support this hilirisasi-agenda

has been studied in university and the industry have a

willingness to follow the rule from the government.

a. Government

Indonesian government set the affairs of mineral

resources in UU No.4 year 2009, where all the IUP and

IUPK (specific mining license) holders are compulsory

to increase the added value of mined minerals resources

and/or coal in its mining operations, minerals refining

process, and its utilization.[17][18] where the refining

process should be processed domestically. [19] And be

executed at least five years after the regulation

promulgated. [20] In executing this hilirisasi-agenda, the

IUP and IUPK operations production holders can just do

it directly or through collaboration with certain parties

such as mineral processing companies and/or others IUP

holders. [21] The government has also considered the

certain minimum purities of nickel allowed to be

exported (Table 4) through the Energy and Mineral

Resources Minister Regulation No.8 year 2015.

b. University

University have responsibility on the

development of knowledge and technology. It has been

right as a sample that Institut Teknologi Sepuluh

Nopember (ITS) invented an appropriate technology for

mineral processing. In order to support the mining

activities in the long-term way, universities are also

responsible in preparing the human resources and for the

knowledge to accommodate any science and

technological issues in industry

There are so many roles of university in a triple

helix relationship due to certain specific types of triple

helix relationship. One of the types is a balanced

configuration of triple helix. It is specific to the transition

to a knowledge society where university and other

knowledge institutions act in partnership with

government and industry, even can take the lead in joint

initiatives. This balanced configuration offers the most

important insights for innovation. It is because the most

favorable environments for innovation are created at the

intersections of the spheres where creative synergies

emerge and set in motion a innovation-in-innovation

process. As the effect, this will create new venues for

interaction and new organizational formats, as individual

and organizational actors not only perform their own


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role, but also take the role of the other when the other is

weak or under-performing. [22]

Discussion

It has been more than five years after the year for

the launch of UU No.4 year 2009. Until now, the

hilirisasi-agenda still has not been fully implemented as

the amount of smelters in the country has not enough to

cover the ores demand. Statistically in nickel commodity,

there is an oversupply of mined nickel ore as 8.805.409

tons per year, this amount still need to be processed

domestically. The lack of nickel smelters in Southeast

Sulawesi addressed as the root cause, where most of the

small IUPs will not build smelter due to the limited

financial capabilities.

This study ends to an idea on how to increase the

amount of nickel smelters in Southeast Sulawesi with the

independence of technology and an aptly method with

the triple helix method.

In the technological aspects, ITS Smelter can be a

good option for the technology used in fulfilling the

needs of nickel ore processing in Southeast Sulawesi

(Table 3). ITS Smelter designed as mini blast furnace,

with a smaller capacity of ore production of 500 tons per

day which is around six times smaller than standard blast

furnace. Therefore economically, it is more affordable

and suitable for small IUPs since their mined nickel ore

production are also quite small. With a set of ITS

Smelter, a 180.000 tons can be processed in a year. In the

legal aspects, ITS Smelter has meet the requirements of

minimum percentage of nickel purity to be exported as

stipulated in the Energy and Mineral Resources Ministry

Regulation No. 8 year 2015.

Conclusion

The recommended method to be used here in executing

the project is triple helix method with balanced

configuration type. Where in balanced configuration type

of triple helix method, university can act in partnership

with industry and government; even take the lead in joint

initiatives. Within this condition in Southeast Sulawesi,

a recommended advice is that university can hold joint

initiatives on nickel smelter building project. In this

project of smelter building, government can be the

moderator between industry or IUPs holders and

university so both parties can be more integrated. As the

government accommodate the reports from nickel

industries in Southeast Sulawesi, based on that,

university can start approaching certain IUPs holders to

process their mined nickel ores in a certain spots of

smelter and plan for a nickel smelter building. The

financial source could be that the university proposes a

proposal to the government to allocate funds this project

from the state budget and make this project as a state-

owned enterprise thereafter. Since this project also can

contribute to the country income, it would be good if the

government take an initiative to provide incentives for

the nickel smelter running project.

References

[1] U.S Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity

Summaries, February 2014

[2] USGS Fact Sheet 2012, March 2012, U.S.

Department of the interior, U.S. Geological Survey,

M.A. Boland, “Nickel-Makes Stainless Steel Strong”

[3] “Nickel-Handbook of Mineralogy” (PDF).

Handbookofmineralogy.org. Retrieved 2016-03-02

[4] “Nickel: Nickel mineral information and data –

Mindat.org”. Mindat.org. Retrieved 2016-03-2

[5] Kuck, Peter H. “Mineral Commodity Summaries

2012: Nickel” (PDF). United States Geological

Survey. Retrieved November 19, 2008

[6] Kuck, Peter H. “Mineral Yearbook 2006: Nickel”

(PDF). United States Geological Survey. Retrieved

November 19. 2008

[7] Engineer, Engineering Record, Building Record, and

Sanitary (1896-01-01). American Plumbing

Practice: From the Engineering Record (Prior to

1887 the Sanitary Engineer). A Selcted Reprint of

Articles Describing Notable Plumbing Installations

in the United States, and Questions and Answers on

Problems Arising in Plumbing and House Draining.

With Five Hundred and Thirty-six Illustrations.

Engineering record. P. 119

[8] Davis, Joseph R (2000). “Uses of Nickel”. ASM

Specialty Handbook: Nickel, Cobalt, and Their

Alloys. Asm International. pp. 7-13. ISBN 978-0-

87170-685-0

[9] Department of Energy and Mineral Resources. North

Sulawesi Province year 2013

[10] Schumpeter, J.A. (1942), Capitalism, Socialism, and

Democracy, George Allen and Unwin, New York


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[11] Etzkowitz, H. (2008), The Triple Helix: University-

Industry-Government Innovation in Action,

Routledge, London

[12] Etzkowitz, H. (2012), ‘Triple Helix Cluster:

boundary permeability at university-industry-

government interfaces as a regional innovation

strategy’, Environment and Planning C: Government

and Policy, Vol 30, No 5, pp 766-779

[13] Act No.4. year 2009 concerning Minerals and Coal

[14] Data and Information Technology Center of Energy

and Mineral Resources. Department of Energy and

Mineral Resources, Dampak Pembangunan Smelter

di Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus Provinsi Sulawesi

Tenggara. 2015

[15] Department of Energy and Mineral Resources. North

Sulawesi Province year 2013

[16] Pintowantoro, Sungging. The Opportunities of

Charcoal as Reductant in Indonesia’s Limonitic

Nickel Ore Processing using Mini Blast Furnace

(MBF). 2015.

[17] Act of The Republic of Indonesia No.4 year 2009

concerning Minerals and Coal. Article 95 C


concerning Minerals and Coal. Article 102


concerning Minerals and Coal. Article 103 paragraph

1


concerning Minerals and Coal. Article 170

[21] Government Regulation No.23 year 2010 concerning

The Implementation of Mineral and Coal Mining

Business. Article 93 paragraph 1.

[22] Etzkowitz, H., Mello, J.M.C., and Almeida, M.

(2005). ‘Towards “meta-innovation” in Brazil: the

evolution of the incubator and the emergence of a

Triple Helix’, Research Policy, Vol 34, No 4, pp

411-424

.


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CP03.

Study Area Housing Decentralization Water Suply Service Branch Central City Semarang

Muhammad Irsyad Rabbani

Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof Sudharto, Kampus

Undip Tembalang, Semarang Selatan, Indonesia 50275

Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract. Housing of Puri Sartika, Bukit Sukorejo, and Trangkil Sejahtera are part of the service of PDAM Tirta Moedal

Semarang Central Branch is administratively located in the Village District of Gunungpati Sukorejo which is an area of

study that will be planned with a decentralized system. The decentralized system is the provision of drinking water

distribution system which managed by the community and the provision of water supplied by public water utilities. This

study is made as for non-revenue- water control and optimizes the distribution network PDAM Tirta Moedal Semarang

Central Branch. Most pipe bursts occur not because of the high pressure but rather due to continuous pressure

fluctuations that make pipes always expands and contracts, will cause a cracks caused by stress on the pipe. Of these

conditions will be built reservoir in the study area as a method for reservoir pressure setting is used for the flow

uniformity and have a function serves to balance between demand and supply of water. The study area will be compared

with a control region comparising Housing of Kandri Asri, Housing of Kuasen Rejo, and Housing of Manyaran Hill

District of West Semarang who have been served by PDAM. Selection of a control area based on similarity topography

with the study area.

Keywords: decentralization, distribution, loss, non-revenue water, reservoir, water,

INTRODUCTION

Until now there are many PDAM that have

not been able to provide services to customers in an

amount sufficient for 24 hours a day as it should be

(Benny Chatib, 2003). One contributing factor is the

presence of high water loss in the distribution system

which includes technical and non-technical loss.

Financially, the water loss caused substantial revenue

loss for the company. According to official data the

Ministry of Public Works, the average loss of water

PDAM in Indonesia reached about 37 percent, with

37 percent of water losses, lost revenue opportunities

reached 1.139 trillion IDR per year. Thus the

necessary water loss prevention solutions with

decentralization of water supply with the

construction of reservoir in the area of study.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the

technical aspects, social, and cost in system planning

decentralization in Semarang Central Housing Puri

Sartika, Bukit Sukorejo, and Trangkil Prosperous

Semarang and Plan of decentralization on the water

supply system in the area of Semarang Central

Housing Puri Sartika, Sukorejo hill, and Trangkil

Prosperous Semarang. Stages of this research

consisted of several phases: preparation which in this

phase, administrative processes and permitting the

relevant agencies to carry out primary and secondary

data collection on a control area and study area. Phase

survey and data collection, where the survey was

conducted on the direct observation to the service

area to obtain primary data and all relevant agencies

to obtain secondary data while the control area just

collecting secondary data from relevant agencies.

Phase data processing: This phase contains data

analysis of primary and secondary obtained and

calculation of data is necessary. Do a comparison

between the conditions of a control area and a study

covering the technical aspects, social, and cost. The

planning stage of a decentralized system; This stage

describes the planning system of decentralization of

water supply service area Dewi Sartika, Kalialang,



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and Deliksari Semarang adjusted data have been

obtained and analyzed. Technical aspects include

energy efficiency in the distribution system that

is suppression water loss, the technical aspects

that the investment cost for the construction of a

reservoir in the study area, and the social aspect

is people's willingness to reservoir development.

According to (Dharmasetiawan, 2004)

water loss can be defined as the difference

between the carrying amounts of water enter the

system and the amount of water that the

carrying out of the system. In a water supply

system is not entirely produced water plant to

the consumer. Usually there are leaks here and

there are called water loss.

Water losses from the water supply

system, water meter errors, the connections that

are not valid and loss of water of unknown

cause were classified as loss and wastage (loss

and waste). (Ray and Joseph, 1985). Losses

caused by water leakage are as follows:

1. Decrease the quantity of water that can be

distributed to customers;

2. Decrease water pressure in the distribution area.

3. Decrease in income received by PDAM Tirta

Moedal / Based on research from Semarang City

PDAM, water leakage caused by:

1. Technical Leakage like:

a. Age pipe that was long;

Long pipe that has been built since the Dutch

time course berimba on condition of pipe that

was not good anymore who might have been a

lot of corrosion and can lead to dead ends when

there are nearby trees whose roots go into the

pipeline. The existing pipeline is still

functioning, but some are difficult to detect its

existence.

b. Connection error

It often happens that their plumbing third

parties pay little attention to the connection, so

if there is any material errors or installation will

cause water droplets, can even reduce the

pressure so the water reach out to customers

with very small pressure.

2. Leaks Non-Technical

a. Error Logging Meters

Filter error occurs not because the officers

were negligent possibility of poor quality water

meters so opaque frosted glass and cannot be

read. Or the customer is gone and conditions

registrar meter fence was locked so only

estimate the value of the figure.

b. Water theft

Cheating customers using group housing but is

meant for business. Or deliberately lowering

the water pipes of the secondary connection

that does not pass through the water meter so

that detected how many were used.

Based on the Manager's Non-Revenue Water

Handbook: A Guide to Understanding Water Losses,

pipe bursts occur mostly due to continuous pressure

fluctuations that make pipes always expands and

contracts, causing cracks due to stress. So based on

these circumstances, will be planned with a

decentralized system in the study area. Before

entering in the discussion of the planning system is

decentralized, will do an analysis of centralized and

decentralized system that has been running in the

ministry to PDAM Tirta Moedal Semarang.

Sharma et al. defines centralized water

supply system is a centralized water supply using a

single reservoir distribution. In a distribution

reservoir will be used to provide water to some areas.

Service area that will be studied with a centralized

system located in housing Kuasen Rejo, Subdistrict

Gunung Pati, Semarang. As a decentralized system

for drinking water supply systems in small-scale

grouping / cluster that uses a distribution reservoir for

the region. Service area with a decentralized system.

Situated on Beringin Housing, District of West

Semarang, Semarang. The planning area is the area

of the planned supply of drinking water with a

decentralized system. Planning area will be

divided into three regions, namely: Housing

Bukit Sukorejo, Trangkil Sejahtera, and Puri

Sartika located on Sukorejo village, Gunung

Pati, Semarang.

According to (Venhuizen, 2001) in a

centralized system of drainage discharge were great

just concentrated on one pipe. As for the


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decentralized system or a small scale, the flowspread

through the small pipe so that water loss and

discharge that are too large can be reduced.

ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

1. Control Region

Prior to the decentralized system of planning

in the planning area, there will be a study in control

areas. The control area as a comparison. A control

area are analyzed Greenwood Housing which is in the

west and residential districts Semarang Beringin in

the district Ngaliyan. The control area consists of the

area that has been underserved by PDAM with a

centralized system that Housing Greenwood and

decentralization, namely Housing Beringin

2. Analysis of Centralized Control Region

Distribution pipeline system used in this

centralized system is a system of branching (dead-

end distribution system) are derived from Reservoir

Gunungpati. Gunungpati Reservoir water to some

areas that Kuasen Rejo Housing, Housing Kandri

Asri, Sadeng Zone, Housing Greenwood, Kalialang,

Zona Penataran temple, Pasadena Housing and

Kalipancur Zone.

Figure 1. PDAM Tirta Moedal centralized system scheme

Table 1. Pump data and E and W wells PDAM Tirta

Moedal

Reservoir water source comes from artesian

well Gunungpati totaling 30 wells East 1 - East 16

and West 1 - West 14. Sources of water coming from

the wells is then pumped into Gunungpati Reservoir.

Here is the data pump wells to Gunungpati Reservoir.

a. Analysis Hydraulics Centralized Distribution

System

Hydraulics analysis serves to ensure the

elevation EGL and HGL on any existing pipelines is

higher than the static elevation (Hs). Hydraulics

calculation results of analysis are presented in tables

and graphs below. From the hydraulics analysis

above, showing Housing Greenwood has a maximum

pressure that is equal to 212 meter, while according

to criteria based on the Regulation 18 of 2007 of the

Minister of Public Works, PVC pipes can withstand

a pressure of 8 atm or equal to 80 MKA, so that the

maximum pressure yet eligible under Regulation 18

of 2007 of the Minister of Public Works. For the head

loss of centralized distribution system to the Housing

of Greenwood has head loss value of 62.32 m.


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Figure 2. Profile hydraulic service area housing

greenwood

Figure 3. Profile hydraulic service area housing

greenwood

Table 2. Hydraulics Analysis Simulation Program Epanet

2.0

Hydraulics analysis simulation using the

program Epanet 2.0 on the distribution system shows

there is excess pressure in the service area of the

Housing Greeenwood so the pressure is still below

the standard design according to Minister of Public

Works Regulation No.18 of 2007 for the PVC pipe

that is 8 atm or 80 meters. As for the flow velocity in

the pipe is already meets the design criteria based

PERMEN PU 18, 2007 in the amount of 0.3 to 3 m /

sec. It is shown there are no red piping on the

simulation Epanet.

b. Leakeage Analysis

We can calculate the percent / amount of

water loss, calculated using the formula:

(D K ) / D H (1)

where H = loss (%), D = the amount of water

distributed (m3), K = the amount of water that is

recorded in the collection account (m3).

Figure 4. Leakage analysis of the centralization system

PDAM Tirta Moedal

3. Analysis of Decentralized Control Region

Distribution pipeline system used in this

decentralized system is a combination of branched

system (dead-end distribution system) and a closed

network or can be called a hybrid system derived

from Beringin Reservoir.

Figure 5. PDAM Tirta Moedal decentralized system

scheme

Reservoir water distribution system of the

Beringin is using gravity. Reservoir elevation

difference between Beringin and Beringin Housing

service area which is about 29-29 meters above sea

level. Reservoir Special Beringin drain water into

housing. Reservoir water source comes from artesian

well Beringin totaling 3 wells East 1 - East 3. Sources

of water coming from the wells is then pumped into

Reservoir Beringin. Here is the data capacity of


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production of wells Beringin months from March to

May in 2016.

Table 3. Production capacity wells Beringin in March-

May 2016

a. Analysis Hydraulics Centralized Distribution

System

Hydraulics analysis serves to ensure the

elevation EGL and HGL on any existing pipelines is

higher than the static elevation (Hs). Hydraulics

calculation results of analysis are presented in tables

and graphs below

Fig. 9. Profile hydraulic service area Housing of Beringin

Fig. 10. Profile hydraulic service area housing Beringin

Judging from the analysis of hydraulics in

housing Beringin in the fourth node, the maximum

pressure that is equal to 63 MKA, while according

to criteria based on the Minister of Public Works

No. 18 in 2007, PVC pipes can withstand a pressure

of 8 atm or equal to 80 meter, so that the maximum

pressure has fulfilled requirements based PERMEN

PU. For the maximum head loss of decentralized

distribution system to the Housing of Beringin

between 4 nodes has head loss value of 1.74 m.

Table 4. Hydraulics Analysis Simulation Program

Epanet 2.0

Hydraulics analysis simulation using the

program Epanet 2.0 on the distribution system

showed no excess pressure in the service area of the

Housing Beringin so the pressure is still below the

standard design according to Regulation of the

Minister of Public Works No.18 of 2007 for the PVC

pipe that is 8 atm or 80 meter. As for the flow rate of

the pipeline has not met the design criteria based

PERMEN PU 18, 2007 in the amount of 0.3 to 3 m /

sec. Where the results of the simulation shows there

is still a flow rate ranging from 0.06 to 0.23 m / sec.

b. Leakeage Analysis

We can calculate the percent / amount of

water loss, calculated using the formula:

(D K ) / D H (1)

where H = loss (%), D = the amount of water

distributed (m3), K = the amount of water that is

recorded in the collection account (m3).

Fig. 13. Leakage Analysis of the Centralization

System PDAM Tirta Moedal

CONCLUSION

Based on a comparison of the pressure on

both systems, as evidenced in a decentralized system

has a smaller pressure that is equal to 63 m compared

to the pressure on the centralized system reached 212

m. For water losses and total pressure loss (headloss),

a decentralized system is also superior to the value of

22.48% and 1.74 m compared with the number of

water losses and headloss in a centralized system

which is 44.78% and 62.32 m. Excessive pressure

.


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will cause a potential pipeline rupture that resulted

in an increase in water loss, then that is the function

of the reservoir on a small scale or a decentralized

system which lowers the pressure to reduce potential

water losses. Other than that in terms of maintenance,

with the reservoir in each region, when it carried out

repairs, operators only need to fix the network in one

region alone so no need to turn off the flow of water

in all regions.

APPENDIX 1

Pressure: 1 atm = 10 meter

NOMENCLATURE

PDAM : Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum

NRW : Non Revenue Water

MDA : Meter District Area

REFERENCES

[1] Joko, Tri. 2010. Unit Produksi Dalam Sistem

Penyediaan Air Minum. Semarang.

[2] Farley, Malcolm, Gary W. Zainuddin, Bin Md.

Ghazali, Arie Istandar,and Sher Singh. 2008. The

Manager's Non-Revenue Water Hanbook. Pg 77

[3] Al-Layla, Anis, Shamim Ahmad, and Joe

Middlebrooks. 1978. Water Supply Engineering

Design. Ann Arbor Science. New York.

[4] Sharma. 2 0 1 5. An Overview of Hybrid Water Supply

Systems in the Context of Urban Water Management:

Challenges and Opportunities. Pg 1-3

[5] Dharmasetiawan, M. 2 0 0 4. Teori dan Perencanaan

Instalasi Pengolahan Air. Ekamitra Engineering. Pg

126 [6] Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum Republik

Indonesia Nomor 18. 2007. Penyelenggaraan

Pengembangan Sistim Penyediaan Air Minum Tahun

2007. PU. Jakarta..


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CP04.

SPATIAL AND ECOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF TOURISM TAGLINE “ENJOY

JAKARTA”

(A case study: Jakarta Old Town, Indonesia)

1Triska Damayanti, Muhamad Iko Kersapati

Department of Geography, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia,

Depok, Indonesia


Abstract. As a capital city of Indonesia, Jakarta has potentiality to increasee state revenues from

tourism industry. Department of Tourism and Culture DKI Jakarta created tagline “Enjoy Jakarta” as a

part of planning strategy to introduce Jakarta as a worth tourism destination for domestic and foreign

visits. This research examines the tourism potential of Jakarta Old Town from four aspects: attraction,

physical condition, accessibility and government policy in spatial and ecological perspective through

Butler’s tourist area life-cycle evolution. Triangulation is used for this research, whereby data are

collected through literature study, observations, and in-depth interviews. Data presented by map of

tourism places change chronology and narrative description of ecological view of tourists’ comfort and

satisfaction. Identification of ecological condition around Jakarta Old Town includes the river,

pedestrian, crosswalk site, and shade trees along the edge of roads and buildings. Current condition of

Kali Besar which separates the complex area of the Old Town is cloudy and smells. Meanwhile, the

condition of the pedestrian paths with characteristic place of old buildings have narrow size. Zebra cross

as crosswalk facilities are still inadequate. Shade trees along the pedestrian paths and around the old

buildings have very small amounts and make the situation around the area looked barren. Results

indicate that Jakarta Old Town is in the development stage. To increase the life-cycle stage of this

tourism, government still needs time to continue the development until they achieve consolidation stage

and all of parts have managed to work together to realize the meaning of “Enjoy Jakarta”.

Keywords: Enjoy Jakarta, Geography of Tourism, Jakarta Old Town, Life-Cycle Evolution

Introduction

Tourism as one of industrial sector has

an important role in economic development and

become an aspect that affects the nation's

international image. Jakarta does not only have

function as the central government of

Indonesia, but also as a tourism destination both

domestic and foreign. Department of Tourism

and Culture DKI Jakarta implements various

policies to boost tourism activity in Jakarta, one

of that policies is promoting Jakarta's tourism

through a tagline "Enjoy Jakarta". However,

regardless of the promotion, had the tourists

really felt "Enjoy"? Had the strategy planning

of the government been able to realize the true

meaning of "Enjoy Jakarta"? Through this

research, we try to answer these questions.

As a tourism destination in Jakarta,

Jakarta Old Town has been an urban heritage

tourism since 1972 (in the reign of Ali Sadikin,

the 9th Governor of Jakarta). According to

Burton (1995) the urban heritage tourism is a

tourism that presents the landscape of history,

art and culture of the city. It gives not only the



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experience of urban physical environment, but

also the atmosphere and feel of the past through

the remains of physical form of past civilization

and culture, including the architectural

buildings, landscape, and archaeological

feature in form of artifacts and objects

remaining from the past. To examine the

development of the tourism activity, there are

four aspects observed in this research:

attraction, physical condition, accessibility and

goverment policy.

Figure 1. Mind flow of spatial and ecological

analysis of tourist area life-cycle.

In daily, terminology of tourism is

often confused with recreation. There are some

difference between the term of tourism and

recreation. Tourism is a leisure activity which

necessitates long distant and overnight journey

while recreation is a leisure activity that does

not involve long distance travel or overnight

sleeping (Ajala, 2013). In georaphic

perspective, tourism is an agent of change and

development of spatial structure. Resources as

an attraction can directly influence the

development of tourism. Furthermore,

interlinks between tourism activity and the

resources are examined as an integrated

development. Butler (1980) improvised the

evolution of tourism development through his

product cycle-based evolution of tourism

destination and divide it into six phases of life-

cycle evolution: involvement, exploration,

development, consolidation, stagnation and

decline or rejuvenation.

Theoretical Review

Traditional tourist areas traverse during

its life span six stages: exploration,

involvement, development, consolidation and

stagnation, arriving to a final post-stagnation

stage. This last stage is further characterized by

a period of decline, rejuvenation, or

stabilization. However, it must be remarked

that this last stage (poststagnation) was in fact

open (Butler admitted a final stage where sharp

decline,rejuvenation or other intermediate

solutions were possible). Each stage was

characterized by a different rhythm of growth,

the change of attitude and composition of the

main actors (tourists, administration, local

entrepreneurs, international corporations, local

residents and immigrants) and the variation of

the main attractions (original or human made).

The result of this evolution was an S shape or

logistic curve representing the arrivals of tourist

or visitors until the stagnation stage. The upper

limit of this curve was determined by the social,

physical or economical carrying capacity of the

tourist area destination.

TALC should focus on either one of

two aspects: (a) testing the applicability of the

model and (b) redeveloping the model to

incorporate different issues.This approach is

also followed in this study. Specifically, three

aspects of the model are examined: (1) the

validity and applicability of the model as

applied to the tourism development evolution

of Old Town, (2) external and internal forces

that shaped tourism development in the Old

Town and surrounding areas, and (3)

environmental, social, and economic changes

as they relate to each stage of the model.

Although the TALC is a useful concept

for describing the evolution of tourism

development, what stages and/or duration of a

stage will be experienced by a tourism

destination is largely subject to a number of


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factors, and therefore, no perfect formula can be

applied to different areas. Many factors can

affect the model of TALC. These factors can be

categorized into two groups: internal and

external factors. (Agarwal, 1997). Internal

factors include those inherent to a destination

(i.e., uniqueness of resources and attractions,

local residents and their attitudes toward

tourism development, and gradual deterioration

of tourism resources) and associated

management, service practices, and qualities.

The external factors are individual

entrepreneurs,tour operators can also play a

significant role in the TALC. Besides of

internal and external factors, there are also

another aspects which related to TALC, there

are environmental, social, and economic

changes. of life-cycle evolution: involvement,

exploration, development, consolidation,

stagnation and decline or rejuvenation.

In the way to achieve an attracting

place as a heritage tourism site, there are some

standards that created by Association of

Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The ten

ASEAN Member Countries, namely:

Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines,

Singapore, Brunei Darussalam, Vietnam, Laos,

Myanmar, Cambodia have considered the

standardization of tourism services essential for

helping ASEAN to be a Quality Single

Destination. One measure in the Roadmap for

Integration of Tourism Sector to realize the

ASEAN Economic Community is the

establishment of the ASEAN Tourism

Standards. The ASEAN Tourism Standards

Task Force is currently chaired by Thailand and

vice-chaired by Indonesia for 2007 - 2008.

Figure 2. R.W. Butler. (1980) The concept of the

tourist area life-cycle of evolution: implications for

management of resources. Canadian Geographer 24

(1), 5-12.

Methodologies and Approaches

Qualitative Paradigm and Triangulation of

Data

Qualitative paradigm is proved as

traditional paradigm, positivist, experimental,

or empiricist. This qualitative paradigm is

applied by triangulation, whereby data are

collected through literature study, observations,

and in-depth interviews. Literature study

focuses on relevant data collecting from books,

journals, and some research refers to the topic

about Jakarta Old Town area life-cycle

evolution explained in chronological view.

Observations focus on identification and

validation Jakarta Old Town tourism site

related to four aspects of tourism potential used

in spatial and ecological analysis. In-depth

interviews are used to get tourist’s personal

perspective of their opinions related tagline

“Enjoy Jakarta”, satisfactions, and problems

according to their visit experiences.


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Table 1. ASEAN Tourism Heritage Standards.

Criteria Requirements – Heritage

Uniqueness and

characteristics of

heritage

Natural Heritage

Significance of ecological systems and natural habitats.

Undisturbed environments or environments demonstrating natural process at work i.e.

wetlands, wilderness areas, or coastal areas.

Existence of rare and unique species present at the site.

Cultural Heritage

Significance of the existing cultural and historical resources.

Authenticity and integrity.

Degree of survival of the archaeological remains, human

Values, ways of life, customs, land use, events and living traditions.

Site protection and

conservation

Existence of management control/measures to ensure that the site capacity (in terms of

resources and facilities) can absorb tourism activities.

Implementation of preventive measures/ management mechanisms to minimize

degradation of resources.

Tourism and site

management

Appropriate tourism activities compatible with local heritage, values and character.

Involvement of local communities in the development and the management of the cultural

and the natural heritage site

Creation of jobs that encourage the use of local knowledge, skills and traditions. The use

of appropriate off-site and on-site interpretive media to educate visitors such as: Signage

/panel, Brochure, Visual/ audio presentation, Guide book, Special events

Availability of well-trained local guides/ interpreters to serve visitors.

Introduction of codes of conduct to educate visitors on what should or should not do when

visiting the site.

Monitoring program in place to assess tourism impacts on the site.

Environmental

management

Provision of appropriate and sufficient waste management system.

Put in place waste water treatment.

Zoning parking area for the site.

Control and regulate the entry of objects, materials and vehicles to the site.

Accessibility

Sufficient infrastructure and facilities to enable easy and safe access to the site.

Adequate and clear directional signage to the site.

Support facilities

Adequacy of facilities such as medical care, F&B outlets, electricity, water supply,

restrooms, communication tools.

Availability of skilled staff, officials/ local guards and other measures to take care of safety

and security for visitors.


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Spatial and Ecological Approach in Tourism

Research

Spatial thinking as a scientific

approach is the essence of geography and

closely associated with parallel work in social

and natural science disciplines. Spatial

approach also is a part of broader disciplinary

framework of research. Structuralization of

spatial aspects and processes of one place may

stimulated by a large number of empirical

studies to examine human behavior or natural

phenomenon. Furthermore, explanation about

that can be more understood by spatial

modeling and mapping. In human geography,

especially geography of tourism, potentiality of

a place as a tourism destination are examined

and explain “where” and “why”. For example,

in attraction aspect, we can make simple

questions like “where is place with high cost?”

and “why there?” we already know the answer.

But analyze a place using this approach is not

too simple. There are many criteria to make a

regionalization of a place and it depends on

aspects are considered.

Urban as an artificial ecosystem is an

engineered form of earth surface natural

conditions with humans act as its center. In

ecological concepts, the feasibility of a place in

fulfill the needs of population is expressed in

carrying capacity. human as the center of

interest in urban ecosystem depends on this

environment carrying capacity. It occurs in the

aspect of natural physical related to the green

spaces, drainage systems, etc. In study of

tourism, ecological approach is used to examine

the carrying capacity of a place as a tourism

proponent. This carrying capacity can directly

affects the interests and perceptions of visitors

with implications for the sustainability of

tourism.

Location of Research

Jakarta Old Town is located in the

northern of Jakarta. Old building complex with

an area of 1.3 km2 crosses two districts, North

Jakarta and West Jakarta. Jakarta Old Town is

also known as Old Batavia. In the era of VOC,

Dutch government built a fort at the mouth of

the Ciliwung River to restrain the local enemy

attack or threat from the outside (1619). Batavia

City is the center of economic activity and

government during the reign of Pangeran

Jayakarta, Portuguese, Dutch, and Chinese.

Sunda Kelapa harbor is located in the northern

of Batavia City and be the largest trading center

in Southeast Asia at the time. In Dutch

colonialism era, Sunda Kelapa very crowded

and much visited by foreign traders to obtain

spices.

Because of its strategic location with

abundant resources, Batavia City dubbed as

“Queen of the East” and “Jewel of Asia”. After

1860, the Territory of the Batavia City

expanded because of urban population increase.

Nowadays, the Old Town became a tourism

destination in Jakarta that has attraction of

landscape history, art and culture and is one of

the most visited by tourists both domestic and

foreign. Based on the Jakarta Old Town Master

Plan (DTK, 2007), Jakarta Old Town Region is

divided into five zones: Sunda Kelapa,

Fatahillah, Pecinan, Pekojan, and Glodok. This

paper focuses on Fatahillah Zone as location of

research.

Figure 3. Location of Jakarta Old Town.

Results and Discussion

Exploration (1870 – 1970)


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At this stage, international companies

began to build commercial buildings around

Kali Besar such as banks, insurance office, and

trading firm based in around Fatahillah zone

and Kali Besar. The architecture of these

buildings also have undergone mixing between

the Dutch-style buildings (Indies) and the style

of Chinese building in the form of home stores

(shop). Until 1970, the condition of old

buildings as a forerunner to the Old Town

tourist attraction has not changed much even

though functionally has been transferred from

the Dutch central government.

Involvement (1970 – 1999)

At this stage, international companies

began to build commercial buildings around

Kali Besar such as banks, insurance offices, and

trading firms based in around Fatahillah zone

and Kali Besar. The architecture of these

buildings also have undergone mixing between

the Dutch-style buildings (Indische) and the

style of Chinese building in the form of home

stores (shop). Until 1970, the condition of old

buildings as a forerunner to the Old Town

tourist attraction has not changed much even

though functionally has been transferred from

the Dutch central government.

Development (1999 – now)

In addition to the Fatahillah Zone, there

are still many buildings that qualify as a

heritage building but has not been designated as

a protected building. In 1999 the Government

of DKI Jakarta create Regional Regulation no.

9 of 1999 on Environmental Conservation and

Utilization of Cultural Property. On the basis of

these policies, particularly the Old City area of

Zona Fatahillah (including Kali Besar and

Jakarta Kota stations) functioned as a general

tourist and commercial activities is limited.

Environmental regulation is done by

maintaining the authenticity of the elements of

the environment and the architecture that

characterizes the region, which is to preserve

the character of city spaces and buildings

preserve cultural heritage. To improve the

management of the regulatory system's Old

Town neighborhood, the government made

Jakarta Governor Regulation No. 7 of 2011 on

the Establishment of Organization and Work

Flow Management Unit Old Town area.

Figure 4. Timeline of Jakarta Old Town evolution

stages.

In the aspect of transport, in 2004 the Jakarta

Government officially opened the Transjakarta

Corridor 1 majoring Terminal Blok M - Kota.

Transjakarta make people have alternative

modes of transportation are more diverse in

addition to public transportation and trains.

Transjakarta services is continually improved

with the opening of new corridors as well as the

operating hours to 24 hours. Means of rail

freight also increased comfort, in the year 2008

AC electric trains Commuter Line operates and

replace electric trains economy, but at that

moment Line Commuter rates are still

relatively expensive. To attract people to use

these transport services, government subsidies

and enforce e-ticketing. In 2016, Jakarta

Governor Basuki Tjahaja Purnama currently

plans to revitalize the Kali Besar in the days of


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Dutch colonialism serves as the port of the ship

into the tourist center of the Old Town.

Old Town area Development Challenges and

Tourist Perception

Tourist area development nowadays is

important to increase national image especially

foreign visits. This is become a challenge in

Economic Community era. A tourist

destination has to refer to the Tourism

Standards to fulfill an ideal. Some parts of

tourist perception according to the tourism

standards, can be explained. Policy

developments that occurred in less than 2

decades have strengthen site protection and

conservation. Based on Regional Regulation

no. 9 of 1999 on Environmental Conservation

and Utilization of Cultural Property,

government ensure the existence of

management control/measures to ensure that

the site capacity (in terms of resources and

facilities) can absorb tourism activities. In the

long term it has to be more improved to protect

all of the buildings and archaeological site.

According to the environmental management

standards, which include water treatment,

environmental aesthetics, and parking area,

they are even no change for years. Tourists

argued that Kali Besar as one of the tourist

attraction of the Old Town also cannot be

enjoyed as a unified aesthetic environment. The

river conditions are currently very murky with

a pungent odor. This makes tourists do not like

to longer in the vicinity. Since 2016, Jakarta

Governor Basuki Tjahaja Purnama started to

revitalize the river and improve the function as

an open green area in the town. The

requirement of parking area also be attention. In

fact, Jakarta old town as we can see they have

no good place to be parking area. People can

park their motorcycle and their car on the road

near heritage area. This condition really bother

us as a tourist while we are walking around the

heritage area. People can’t feel save for walking

because the motorcycle and car can cross the

road infront of us, and absolutelly its not save

at all.

Accessibility aspects include

infrastructure, ease and walking comfort also

have to improve. On spatial model of Fatahillah

zone can be seen that the green space is still

very low and not distributed largely on the

pedestrian paths. By creating shades for

pedestrian paths so that although Jakarta has a

tropical climate with hot air temperature,

pedestrian remain comfortable while traveling

around the tourist area. Moreover, the absence

of the pedestrian crossing bridge also reduces

comfort. Although it has been provided

zebracross at some point, its use is not

maximized where tourists prefer cross the road

randomly.

Conclusion

According to TALC model, the results

of chronological views indicate that Jakarta Old

Town is in the development stage. Furthermore,

comparison of the field survey and interviews

to the ASEAN Tourism Standards reveals there

are some problems of Jakarta Old Town as a

Tourism destination. It may be not appear

firmly in macroanalysis but it could be felt by

tourist, especially in microspatial aspects.

Tourism Heritage is an outstanding cultural or

heritage area of a country that is protected,

conserved and managed in a sustainable

manner provided with easy access and support

facilities for the enjoyment of visiting tourists.

Jakarta Old Town (Kota Tua) as an outstanding

cultural and heritage area need more attention

from the goverment to be built as a good area

for heritage tourism.


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Fig 5. Spatial Model of Fatahillah Zone, Jakarta Old Town,

imagery source validated by field survey.

There are still many things that become

obstacles to improve the quality of the Old

Town as a tourist destination for local and

foreign tourists. Lack of care and planning for

the environment and public facilities are

located in the Old Town made the tourists do

not feel comfortable when traveling by foot,

especially during the day until late afternoon

when the air temperature in Old Town is very

hot. The tagline "Enjoy Jakarta" which made by

government cannot be felt by the tourists who

visit the location of the Old Town. Lack of

coordination between each agencies

government to build, maintain and promote the

tourist areas makes the Old Town stuck in the

development stage and has not shown

significant changes towards sustainable

development stages.

References

[1] R.W. Butler. (1980). The concept of the

tourist area life-cycle of evolution:

implications for management of

resources. Canadian Geographer 24 (1), 5

– 12.

[2] L. Zhong, J. Deng, and B. Xiang. (2007).

Tourism development and the tourism

area life-cycle model: A case study of

Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, China.

[3] O.A. Ajala, I.R. Aliu. (2013). Tourism

and integrated development: A

geographic perspective, GEOGRAFIA

Online Malaysia Journal of Society and

Space 9 issue 1 (105 – 114 ).

[4] Pedersen. (2002). Managing Tourism

World Heritage Sites: a Practical Manual

for World Heritage Site Managers, 22 –

27.

[5] Association of Southeast Asian Nations.

(2013). ASEAN Tourism Standards, 16 –

17.

[6] R. Fardhyan. “Pola Keruangan Resiko

Kerusakan Bangunan Cagar Budaya

Akibat Banjir di Kawasan Kota Tua

Jakarta”. Master dissertation, Universitas

Indonesia, Indonesia, 2014.

[7] Government of DKI Jakarta. (2007).

Guidelines Kotatua, 7 – 9.

[8] Department of Tourism and Culture DKI

Jakarta. (2013). Department of Tourism

and Culture DKI Jakarta Strategy

Planning.


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Table 2. Evolution stages of Jakarta Old Town

COLOR ASPECTS DETAIL YEAR CHRONOLOGY

Attraction

Early Period

Development 1870

International company establish the buildings as banks,

insurance offices, trading firms, etc.

Restoration

and Functional

Management

of Buildings

1999

Environmental regulation by maintaining the authenticity of

the old elements of the environment and the architecture that

characterizes the region.

Spaces along the Kali Besar, along Jalan Pintu Besar Utara and

around the grounds Beos Station (now known as Jakarta Kota

Station) used for the public and limited commercial activity.

The addition of new public facilities structure in the city hall

kept to a minimum and do not damage the space.

In a heritage building it is possible to adapt the new functions

in accordance with the city's plan, which is to harness the

buildings for commercial activities, entertainment, limited

occupancy (hotel), and apartments.

Regulation of sign and advertising board according to the

established rules in the board guidelines.

Particularly Fatahillah Park area, is made as an open space for

public tourism activities especially the municipal level, which

is not permanent, either scheduled or incidental.

Accessibility Public

Transport

1976 Replacement types of locomotive train into electric train

made in Japan (now known as Commuter Line)

2004 The opening of the TransJakarta Bus corridor 1

2008 Commuter Line user comfort is enhanced but prices are still

expensive

2013 E-ticketing and tariff reduction for commuter trips

2014 TransJakarta Bus operating hours increase to 24 hours

Physical

Condition

Environmental

Aesthetics 2016 Revitalization of Kali Besar (scheduled)

Government

Policy

Planning of

Old Town

Tourist Area

1970 Decree of Governor Cd.3/1/ 1970 on Statement of Taman

Fatahillah Region as the Restoration Region

1999 Regional Regulation No. 9 tahun 1999 on Conservation and

Utilization of Environment and Heritage

2011

DKI Jakarta Governor Regulation No. 7 tahun 2011 on

Establishment of Organization and Old Town Unit

Management Work Flow

2014

Governor Regulation No. 36 tahun 2014 on Master Plan for

the Old Town area


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ABSTRACT OF PRESENTATIONS

A001. The Well-implemented Local Governance in Indonesia: An Experience of Yogyakarta

Municipality

Ridho Al-Hamdi

Department of Governmental Studies, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Email: [email protected]

Abstract. This study analyses the local government in contemporary Indonesia in order to gain a

benchmark of the well implemented governance at the level of district/municipality. There are three

main aims: first, explaining the development of local governance in current Indonesia, second,

understanding how the local governance can be implemented successfully and its impacts to public

services and, third, looking for driving factors which influence the implementation of the local

governance. Methodologically, it is a qualitative research by employing the case study. Therefore,

Yogyakarta Municipality was selected as the study object due to its outstanding achievements. The in-

depth interview and documentary analysis will be applied as the data-gathering techniques. The study’s

finding is threefold. First is the development of the municipal government can be divided into three

steps: the phase of installation of democratic systems (2001-2006), the phase of loads of signs of

progress (2006-2011) and the phase of stable situation (2011-2015). Second is the impact of governance

process is that two public services, education and health, can be achieved successfully. The increase of

the municipal budget from year to year, supporting facilities, integrated systems and the pro-poor people

policy can be provided as tangible proofs. Third is a fourfold determining factor which can influence

the successful governance: the leadership of the city mayor, a good partnership and cooperation amongst

the state actors, the availability of well-educated civil servants and the maximization of local-owned

resources.

Keywords: Education affairs, leadership, local governance, health affairs, Yogyakarta Municipality

A002. The Effort for Industrial Revival in Indonesia through Education Reform: The Evaluation

of Education Curriculum in Indonesia with Gontor Curriculum as Alternative Solution

1Lutfi Aulia Rahman, Musthofa Abdul Karim

Universitas Islam Indonesia, Alumni of Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor


Abstract. Education is one of important factors in the progress of a nation, especially for the industrial

growth in the country. Indonesia, which has abundant capital of Natural Resources should be able to

compete with other countries. However, due to the quality and capability of Human Resources are

inadequate, so that the Indonesian are not maximum to manage existing resources to improve the

industry in their country. Education is the main pillar to support industrial revival in several countries.

Indonesia, which in 1960s had been one of the center for education for some neighboring countries such

as Malaysia, now is running in place and even deterioration. So, to support the industrial revival in

Indonesia, should start from improving the quality of education in the country. This paper will attempt

to evaluate the education system in Indonesia, revealing the exist problems with some solutions to solve

them, which one of them is to implement the education system of Darussalam Gontor Islamic Boarding

School as alternative solution, which the Gontor curriculum focuses on 24 hours curriculum including



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character and social education, the integration of religious knowledge and general science with balanced

proportions, and the implementation of obligation to speak in International languages -Arabic and

English- as the official language in daily interactions, both inside and outside the classroom. This paper

will also discusses the application of strategic steps in the implementation of solutions which are

summarized in the conclusion of this paper.

Keywords: Revival, Education, Curriculum, Gontor

A003. Developing Research Competencies of Pre-Service English Teachers through Teachers

Diary

1Intan Pradita, Muhammad Mukhlas

Islamic University of Indonesia


Abstract. Due to the urgency of engaging in ASEAN Economic Community, it is important to the

ASEAN countries’ young generation to prepare their best. One of the demands that should be well-

prepared, as stated in the ASEAN Charter, is that the ASEAN people must have a strong research

competence in order to be able to enhance their academic performance. This goal goes to several sectors

of development, including education. Based on the previous studies, as the front liner of education,

teachers are expected to have high professionalism, in which one of the ways to fulfill it is through an

accomplished action research performance during their teaching practices. This is in line to the previous

studies that the most recommended features of research competence are as similar as the process of

conducting Action Research. It is said that Program Profesi Guru or Teacher Professional Program

held by the government of Indonesia has been able to develop the teachers’ research competence. To

accommodate the goal of having high research competence, this research aims at developing a prototype

of learning materials in the form of workbook. The objectives of this study are to provide a practical

workbook on conducting action research. The setting of this research was in English Language

Education Department, Islamic University of Indonesia. There were 6 students involved in this research

under the pre-service program or PPL Sekolah in order to conduct the needs analysis on the research

competence preparedness. The information wrapping and literature review was conducted afterwards.

The next step was designing the workbook and the last one was asking for internal validation of two

lecturers whose expertise on Asean studies and action research. The workbook covers the elements of

action research such as identifying problems, planning, action, enacting the action, and self-reflection.

The instruments of this research were interview questions, a questionnaire for internal validation, the

related sources on action research and Asean Economic Community development. The method that was

applied in the research was a research and development studies of Richey and Klein (2004) at stage

one. The results are the workbook still needs an improvement on the last two processes in the matter of

enrichment of the resources. The final workbook is accommodative to help improving research

competencies of the 6 pre-service teachers in Islamic University of Indonesia significantly.

Keywords: action research; teachers’ professional development; research competence; workbook;

ASEAN Economic Community


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B001. Halal Products of Indonesia in ASEAN Economic Community: Brand Prospects &

Competitiveness

Al Afif Muzakir, Randi Andiyana, and Dzakwan Ina Ghandur

Undergraduate Students, Faculty of Economics, Universitas Riau


Abstract. The current study aims to analyze strategy in developing Islamic business in Indonesia. As

part of the effort to develop halal Industry in Indonesia amidst rising competition within ASEAN

economic community. Using time series data during the last ten years, It will be compared with five

competitors ASEAN countries that are also producing and export halal products. The paper examines

data of six potential products traded in the international markets that are highly recommended as halal

products. The paper finds that competitiveness pharmaceutical products are high. Average revealed

comparative advantage (RCA) on 4 and in 2014 more than 6. Animal, vegetable fats, and oils, cleavage

products, etc have higher competitiveness level and have good prospects in the future. Average revealed

comparative advantage (RCA) on 3. Therefore required several strategies, Indonesia with a large pool

of resources, the largest number of the Muslim population, has the advantage to make halal products as

a leading marketing strategy and develop a distinctive halal brand to serve the ASEAN market.

Keywords: ASEAN Economic Community; Brand; Competitiveness; Halal Products; Prospect


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C001. Strategic Map of Crowdfunding to Support Documentary Film Industry in Indonesia

1Satria Regi Guntara and 2Arif Faisal Ramdani

School of Industrial and System Engineering, Telkom University

Email: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract. The creative industry is a hope for the Indonesian economy to rise, compete and achieve

excellence in the global economy. Indonesia has a lot of potential that can be developed to support

creative industry. Unfortunately, the creative industry in Indonesia has not been developed optimally.

The Indonesian creative industry often experience problems in accessing banking, which resulted many

creative industries have difficulties when they were developing creative products because the lack of

capital. One of the sub-sector of the creative industries that experience this problems is film, particularly

documentary genre. Thus, one of the steps taken by the filmmakers to be able to make the film is through

crowdfunding. Crowdfunding is an activity of collective, attentional and trusted cooperation of people

raise money together, usually connected via the internet, in order to support efforts initiated by other

people or organizations. Indonesian society are considered to have a tradition of mutual cooperation, so

crowdfunding can be appropriate to be applied in Indonesia. Many examples of successful

documentaries funded by crowdfunding. However, not all project succeed in getting the funds. This

research aims to design an effective business model in order to raise funds to support the creative

industry, especially documentary film. The business model analysis method used is the Business Model

Canvas (BMC). The goal of strategy is to stimulate public participation in contributing funding of

creative industry about documentary film on digital media. Crowdfunding strategy formulation using

the Business Model Canvas (BMC) aims to be a reference to the filmmaker for more effective

fundraising and working up documentary film industry in Indonesia.

Keywords: Business Model Canvas, crowdfunding, documentary film, creative industry, strategy

C002. Transportation Based Application through Information Technology System in the 21st

Centuries

Cindi Feronika1, Rahesza Natasya Tama1, Reni Tri Isromiyah1

Faculty of Business, Sampoerna University

Email : [email protected]

Abstract. The development of digital technologies is giving ultimate dividend in the business sector.

As the advantage, technology has succeeded create a new style of business, become marketing booster

and create mutualism interaction both for business developer and also customers. The advance of the

digital technology is letting the business sector advertise their products or services through social media

like Instagram, Facebook, Twitter and many others which the process does not need a lot of money to

spent, but the number of people who are able to see is larger. Then, the mutualism interaction means

that the business developer can gain the profit, give the opportunity for other to get a job, and solve the

customers’ problem. Through this research paper, the writers want to provide detail information about

what are the form of digital technology dividend in business sectors and also about the real case study

of how a transportation business sector use the IT development. At the last point, the observers also

provide information about how important Indonesia achieves the industry revival in the transportation

sector and how the citizens care about it complete with the suggested strategy how to maximize the

dividend of digital technology to improve the transportation business in Indonesia. Qualitative and

quantitative research methodologies are selected methodology for observing all of the point mentions

above.


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Keywords: Business Sector, Digital Technologies, Dividend, Industry Revival, Transportation

C003. CFD Analysis of Hydro dynamically Lubricated Journal Bearing (A Case Study: The

Potential Use of Water Lubricant)

1*Prayudha N. Wijaya, 1Bayu S. Wibowo, 1Brain C. Ichsan & 2Sandi S. 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Soedharto, Semarang,

Central Java, Indonesia 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36A, Surakarta,

Central Java, Indonesia

Email: *[email protected]

Abstract. Environmental issues and energy saving have become a concern of engineering design and

manufacture, including the design of the mechanical components such as bearings. Generally, bearing

uses oil as lubricants because of high viscosity. However, oil lubricated bearing has deficiencies, such

as environmental pollution, the risk of explosion and energy efficiency. The purpose of this study is to

investigate the potency of water as the replacement of oil lubricant. However, one of the challenges

posed by water as a lubricant is the low viscosity of the water, the simulation is undertaken by

comparing the pressure distribution of hydrodynamic lubrication on a water-film with oil-film

cavitation and non-cavitation modeling using the model of Schnerr and Sauer with variation of rotation

1200 rpm , and 2500 rpm on CFD software. The eccentricity ratio used is 0.6 and length over diameter

(L / D) 1.0. The similar result of positive pressure distribution zone of water and oil film at cavitation

and non-cavitation model on the rotational speed of 1200 rpm and 2500 rpm is shown by the distribution

of the red zone of water lubricant that looks similar to the red zone of oil lubricant. Moreover, the charts

of static pressure versus bearing position of the water-film and oil-film show a similar pattern that can

be used as one of the indicators of the potential of water as a replacement for oil as the lubricant.

However, due to the viscosity of water is much lower than the oil causes the load support of water is

much lower than oil, so it is necessary to change the configuration of the journal bearings to increase

the load support of the water-film.

Keywords: CFD; hydrodynamic lubrication; journal bearing; water.

C004. Optimization and Reduction Possibility of Cylinder Oil Feed Rate Consumption in Low

Risk (A case study: At one ship operated by shipping company in Indonesia)

Muhammad Arifin

Hochschule Wismar


Abstract. In several years the two stroke-diesel engine installed on board has become one of the

preferred prime movers for several types of vessels because there are a number of reasons for success

of the two stroke diesel engine in marine applications namely power, fuel selection and efficiency. In

two stroke diesel engine, cylinder lube oil is one of the large expenditure during ship operation even a

0.1 gr/kWh reduction it can reduce cost significantly per years for shipping company. Alpha lubrication

system in two stroke engine is one of the common lubrication systems. The objectives of this research

are to determine and describe the specific cylinder oil lubrication problem at one ship of the PT X

regarding over lubrication or under lubrication, to find out the potential reduction pattern systematically

by Alpha Adaptive Cylinder Oil Control mode and to develop some procedures (what should be


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considered in changing cylinder oil feed rate).Alpha adaptive cylinder oil control factor can be a

reference to optimize the cylinder oil consumption and some procedures must be considered such as

feed rate sweep test, drain oil analysis, scavenging port inspection, and engine complete check. The

optimization of cylinder oil consumption was conducted based on the real data from shipping company.

Optimization of cylinder oil consumption is one way to reduce operational cost also to avoid damage

on piston and cylinder in low risk and the optimization of cylinder oil consumption also produces

positive effect toward environmental condition because of lower emission. The result of this research

should be useful to support respective company training program and management decision.

Keywords: Cylinder oil feed rate; Optimization of cylinder oil consumption; procedures to reduce

cylinder oil consumption; reduction pattern of cylinder oil.

C005. Implementation of Wave Energy Conversion Using Oscillating Water Column to Advance

Fisherman’s Electric Vessel in Pare-pare City

Muh Sulthoanuddin Akbar

Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia

Campus UI Depok, Jawa Barat 16424, Indonesia


Abstract. Pare-pare is a city that located in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. It has 8.38 km long on its coastal

line, where the locals could develop fishing industry as domestic income to support the economic

progression. Most of the fisherman are still using diesel fuel to drive vessel to strike and chase the

targets at the fishing ground, meanwhile the needs of fuel is no longer aligned with the availability. On

the impact, fisherman should delay their departure upon the schedule and pay higher for fuel price. By

looking forward to great potential of wave energy in South Sulawesi, waves on the ocean arise from

sun energy transfer to wind then to wave. Solar energy creates wind which blows over the ocean,

converting wind to wave energy. Most importantly, waves are a regular source of power with an

intensity that can be predicted several days before their arrival. Utilization applies by using wave energy

converter (WEC), the wind vector carries wave will oscillating and the transformation of the energy

occurs on the device using oscillating water column (OWC). The objectives consist of two things, firstly

the implementation refers to wave energy converter, secondly the improvement of fishing industry in

Pare-pare. Refers to wave potential near the shore of the city, OWC which applied on WEC can generate

eectric charge to vessel. The result to the implementation can increase productivity in fishing industry

by having cost savings in terms of fuel usage up to 76 % and reduce downtime in case of fuel scarcity.

Keywords: converter; electric charge; fishing industry; oscillating water column (OWC); potential

wave energy; vessel

C006. The Fundamentally of Green Mine Optimization Strategy into Protection Acid Mine

Drainage toward Sustainable Water Flow Contaminant Modelling System (Case study: South

Block Area Lamin Site PT Mega Alam Sejahtera East of Kalimantan Indonesia)

1,2,3Rahmat Muallim, 4Hajrah 1Engineering Department PT.Mega Alam Sejahtera, Berau, East of Kalimantan, Indonesia 2Institution of Engineers Indonesia (IEI), Jakarta, Indonesia 3Mining Engineering Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South of Sulawesi, Indonesia 4Water Resources Engineering and Management (Warem), Stuttgart University, Germany


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Abstract. Mining activity has been a huge contributor of human environmental disaster mostly in one

decades in earth. The consequences of technology approach and natural resources to complete people

daily need showed the implication about the effect of mining area which contacting to human directly

that would be created unbalance system among mining and human life which the source problem was

Acid Mine Drainage (AMD). AMD has been the ultimate cases in mining production in the world that

effects to environmental pollution and prior catalyst caused the flawed of production target in number

of mining companies. Green Mine Optimization Strategy was developed sustainable system to protect

water flow contaminant existence who will be occurred in the source of mining excavation area in South

Block Area PT Mega Alam Sejahtera, East of Kalimantan. South Block Area Lamin Site PT. Mega

Alam Sejahtera has been conducted by number of scenario methods were Vadoze zone coal water

contaminant, Run off water encapsulation, Water Monitoring Point management which all methods

used MINESCAPE 4.119 to support sustainable water contaminant of management modeling system

so that could be described the pattern of water management scenario from pre mining, mining and

mining closure in simultaneous water indications from inlet flow forming until outlet flow forming by

optimum condition. Therefore, The AMD Protection formula should be predicted the feasibility of

determination post-mining, post-reclamation, water quality and designing protection plan for defining

a life of mine process from rainfall water flow inlet to outlet flow system on mine operation concession

area. In further occurred, the scheme of scenario would be showed the sustainable of water flow

contaminant modelling system to protect AMD flow on run off water, Mining excavation, water

monitoring point and Sambarata River so that the optimization strategy of sustainable water

contaminant modelling would be finished the discourses between mining and human life.

Keywords: Acid Mine Drainage, Green Mine Optimization Strategy, Sustainable Water Contaminant,

Modelling system MINESCAPE 4.119

C007. LCGC Road Slope Based AFR Varying Control Using Hybrid PI-Fuzzy

Satria Indra Nugraha, Miftahuddin Arsyahadij, Muhammad Alvin Ridho, Muhammad Irsyad Reynaldi,

Budi Setiyono, Aris Triwiyatno

Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Tembalang,

Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia


Abstract. LCGC is a car which has SI engine capacity up to 1.2 L, the product of Indonesia government

policy in order to suppress national fuel consumption. LCGC is designed for urban commuting due to

the limited capability of low capacity engine. Unfortunately, Semarang, although it is the capital of

Central Java, has unusual terrains involving uphill and downhill. In order to encountering uphill, the

performance output of LCGC should be increased in order to encountering uphill. This paper proposed

an AFR varying control system using hybrid PI-fuzzy controller. The proposed system utilizes

stoichiometric, lean, and rich operation of AFR in order to adjust the engine performance based on the

road slope angle. The system uses gyroscope sensor to read the road slope angle and adjust the AFR to

optimize the engine output power. In order to compensate the increase of fuel usage and keep the LCGC

as a green car, the system is also varying the AFR in downhill in order to lowering the fuel consumption.

From the simulation result, the proposed control system has good performance. The simulation result

shows that the proposed control system has 29% shorter average settling time and 39% smaller average


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IAE. From the result, the proposed control system is considered as a reliable system and highly potential

to be implemented in actual LCGC.

Keywords: lcgc, road slope, spark ignition engine

C008. Adaptive Pitch and Transmission of Small Wind Turbine to Meet Energy Demand for

Industrial Revival

Arief Faqihudin, Caesar Wiratama, and Aristo Taufiq

Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta,

Indonesia


Abstract. Revival of Industry in Indonesia requires a large amount of energy to fulfill the demands of

energy supply. Every year, Indonesian energy consumption sourced from crude oil increases. On the

other hand, the supply of energy in past few years have been in a relatively stagnant state. With the

constant decrease in energy supply, executing programs to revive industries in Indonesia will be a hard

task. From the problem presented above, we would like to purpose a novel solution for the government,

acting as the main player to the nation’s program to revive industries, regarding the development and

utilization of alternative energy to generate power that could potentially solve energy related problem

in Indonesia. Considering the abundance of wind power in coastal area of islands in Indonesia, wind

energy could potentially be the solution to the above problem. A study conducted by LAPAN confirmed

that more than 100 locations spread across the country has an average wind speed of 5.5 m/s. With

average wind speed presented, we purposed a wind turbine with adaptive pitch and automatic

transmission. The ability of varying the pitch is required due to wind speed fluctuation that is evergoing

in the field where the turbines might be deployed. This design is proved to be more effective in

converting mechanical power on a wider range of working condition, i.e., wind velocity than fixed pitch

wind turbine

Keywords: Adaptive Pitch, Alternative Energy, Transmission, Wind Speeds, Wind Turbine.

C009. Adsorption of Remazol Yellow from Aqueous Solution by Chitosan from Snail Shell as an

Adsorben: Isoterm Studies

1,2*Ami Ridowati, 1Rizki Khalalia, and 2Widi Astuti 1 Chemical Engineering Department, Semarang State University 2 Public Health Department, Semarang State University


Abstract. Large quantities of snail shell cause the environmental impact. Many approaches have been

made for proper utilization of it, including transform snail shell to chitosan. In this study, synthesis of

chitosan from snail shell (Achatina fullica) and its application to adsorb remazol yellow dye in aqueous

solution has been studied. The synthesis of chitosan including deproteinase to remove proteins from a

snail shell, demineralization and deacetylation. In the deacetylation process, the Sodium Hydroxide

(NaOH) as a solvent of 50 w/w and 70 w/w will be used. Furthermore, to evaluate the effect of NaOH

concentration with respect to the adsorption capacity of chitosan, the chitosan were examine as

adsorbent to remove remazol yellow dye in the solution. The result shows, at lower NaOH

concentration, the amount of remazol yellow adsorbed increases. The decrease of remazol yellow dye


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concentration in aqueous solution for initial concentration 50, 100 and 150 ppm were 6.16%, 16.10%

and 19.10%, respectively for NaOH concentration 0f 50% and 5.23 %, 12.73% and 14.922%,

respectively for NaOH concentration of 70%. The adsorption process was also influenced by pH and

contact time.

Keywords: adsorbent, chitosan, Remazol Yellow, snail shell

C010. Algae Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) as an Alternative of Renewable Energy to Support

Indonesia Energy Independency 2025 Program

1Ramdha Berlian Syafaat, Respati Kevin Prama Dewandaru, Sela Viviyani, Mutiara Ayu Ramadhani

Universitas Indonesia


Abstract. The need of alternative renewable energy today becomes a necessity to innovate. One of the

implementation is microbial full cell based on algae. Microbial fuel cell is an electrochemical cell or

microbial-based fuel cell which utilizes organic material with using microbes as a source of energy in

conducting metabolic activities. Study the development of algae-based microbial fuel cell is using the

availability of algae found in the Lake of Universitas Indonesia. Therefore, the identification, reactor

design, and optimize the implementation of algae on the microbial fuel cell aimed this study in order to

meet the maximum energy that was generated by microbial fuel cell. The research has done by

galvanometric and amperometric method. At 0,001 M NADH concentration in the anode compartment

obtained maximum current density of 0,213 mA and potential of 1,039 V.

Keywords: algae; amperometric; galvanometric; microbial fuel cell; renewable energy

C011. Application of Combined System as Sea Water Purification Method for Coastal People

1Indi Mumtaza, Aulia Rizkhan & Bintang Gustami Putri Buana Blambangan

Faculty of Pharmacy Airlangga University, Surabaya


Abstract. Based on the Greenpeace report, over 80% people of total 237 million of the Indonesian

population live in the coast. Until now the sea is a landfill from various human activities. Some

development activities in mainland and maritime areas have negative effects to environment such as

water pollution. Rapid industrial and mining development in coastal areas that works without good

waste handling also contribute to decrease water quality in the coastal environment. This paper aims to

apply combined system for coastal people as an alternative to gain clean water. Combined system is

purposed to change sea water into fresh water and to purify the sea water from heavy metals and

mechanical impurities by using a combination of three methods: filtration, phytoremediation and

desalination. The application of this system is started by giving education and socialization to the coastal

people about the benefits of this system and how the system works. The method used in this paper is

qualitative analysis based on literature study from several sources. These three methods are arranged

vertically starting from physic filtration to phytoremediation and desalination using solar energy. In this

system, sea water is flowed into a chamber which arranged vertically using windmill and gravitation

force. After flowed into the first chamber, the physic filtration process occurs as the chamber is filled

with materials which consists of large gravel, small pebbles, sand, charcoal and coconut husk. The

second process in this system is phytoremediation using water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) and green

algae (Chlorella vulgaris), the amount of BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand) decreased by 96.9%,


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while dissolved oxygen concentration increased by 70%. The decrease of BOD value shows that oxygen

quantity demanded by microorganism to metabolize organic waste is also reduced. The sea water from

phytoremediation process is then flowed through a pipeline to the evaporator for desalination process.

Operational system in desalination process in order to decrease salt concentration of the sea water

consist of heat absorption from sun light that penetrates evaporator glass by the water in evaporator.

The evaporated vapors then flowed to the condenser due to the suction of a vacuum pump, and then the

vapor condenses into the condenser. After passing through all the system, freshwater stored in water

reservoir which is connected to the coastal residences.

Keywords: coastal; desalination; phytoremediation; purification; system; water

C012. Decolorization of Vat Violet 1 Dye from Industrial Textile Waste Water using Biofilm of

Fungal and Bacterial Consortium

Lestari Wevriandini

Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia


Abstract. The increasing of textile industries creates a critical need for a proper treatment plan to

control and minimize potencies of contaminants and toxic compounds being released to the

environment. One of such approach that is often being researched is the utilization of biofilm for treating

industrial waste, and among those is about the use of fungal and bacterial consortium. This research

was conducted to examine and acquire a more stable biofilm formed by prime fungal and bacterial

consortium for the de-colorization process in textile wastewater treatment. Isolates were selected by

examining their de-colorization capability, antagonistic interaction, and mixed culture formation

(consortium). The selection continued with biofilm forming in material plastic LLDPE (Linear Low

Density Polyethylene). Superior consortium from bacteria and fungi in form of biofilm in material

plastic LLDPE then applied for Vat Violet 1 dye from textile industrial waste water. The selection

resulted in two superior fungal isolates coded as strain JYGC1 and K2; and three bacterial isolates coded

as strain ATA6, PK29, and PK65. These isolates were then combined to form biofilm on the surface of

a plastic material and examined for their applicability to decolorize wastewater containing Vat Violet 1

on varied pH condition of 5, 7, and 8. Biofilm of regular thickness was formed by the fungal bacterial

consortium and capable of increasing the rate of de-colorization activity. The weight of biofilm before

and after application to the wastewater is highest on pH 7, at 0.66 g and 0.45 g. The thickness and

weight have a positive correlation with de-colorization activity, which is also highest on pH 7, with

deviation of 1.155 between before and after application; much higher than that of without biofilm

application at 0.714.

Keywords: de-colorization; textile wastewater; Vat Violet 1 dye; biofilm; fungal and bacterial

consortium

C013. Design for Sensor Systems of the Arm Robot to Pick Up Plastic Parts in Injection

Molding Machine in the Manufacturing Industry

1Syahril Ardi, Ardhinata Bayu Kurniawan, Muhammad Hidayat

Program Studi Teknik Produksi & Proses Manufaktur, Politeknik Manufaktur Astra



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Abstract. This research was conducted at the company in Indonesia which is engaged in plastic

injection molding machine, especially for four-wheeled (4W) automotive parts. This research is a new

case, where for taking part the result of injection using the ABB Robotic IRB 4600 type with a tonnage

of 1680 T Hwa Chin Engineering. However, the use of ABB Robotic IRB 4600 type is inefficient

because there are problems that make productivity decreases. One of the problems occurred is the

instability of the open mold in Hwa Chin 1680-1 injection molding machine. Differences within this

wide open mold cause ABB Robotic IRB 4600 that cannot reach the part LNG Assembly LH (Left

Hand) Rear Side. This result is in the robot error that is resulted in lost production time. Related to these

problems and based on the analysis, it was found that the use PR30-10DP Autonics proximity sensor

on the ABB Robotic IRB 4600 is a solution that used to eliminate lost time caused by the production

error robot. In this case, the robot can move to adjust the specified distance in order to part the result of

injections that can be reached by the robot gripper. The design of the sensor system of the robot arm

has been able to reduce the robot error from 9.6% to 0%. Thus, the production lost time of the LNG

Assembly LH Rear Side on Hwa Chin 1680-1 injection molding machine can be eliminated.

Keywords: ABB Robotic IRB 4600; arm robot; injection molding machine; proximity sensor

C014. Value Mapping Analysis of Developing Offshore Wind Turbine in Southwest Maluku

Indonesia

1Arif Faisal Ramdani, 2Satria Regi Guntara

School of Industrial and System Engineering, Telkom University.


Abstract. The utilization of renewable energy sources as a substitute alternative for fossil energy is a

necessary for Maluku to fulfill society needs. Nowadays, there are about 440 villages located in Maluku

that has not got electricity. This electricity supply problem makes investors doubt to get in Maluku.

Whereas Southwest Maluku Regency as archipelagic area in Indonesia has a wind energy to generate

electricity. Southwest Maluku Regency with an area of 63.779,2 km2 sea and with the average wind

speed of 6-8 m/s are a great potential to be developed. The development of offshore wind turbine

technology is promising to be implemented for increasing the industrial potential in Southwest Maluku.

But the study about this technology to be implemented in Southwest Maluku has not been explored.

Therefore research of business model to formulate the developing of offshore wind turbines strategy is

needed. The purpose of this research is to determine value mapping analysis of developing sustainable

business model of developing offshore wind turbin project in Southwest Maluku. Sustainable business

models have consideration that more comprehensive where the approach is to consider the wider

interest, not only customer but also environment, society and network actors. The result of study found

that the attributes of offshore wind turbine project that fulfill society needs, equitable transmission, the

affordable price and the project that environmentally friendly reach top rank and be value preposition

that can be goal for value mapping. Then value preposition elaborated into four contribution sectors if

the project executed, consist of value captured, value missed, destroyed or wasted and value

opportunities. The result of this value project can be used to determine the development strategy, so the

project owner has mechanism and maximal performance in attempt to sufficient people’s energy-needed

for resurrection of industry in Southwest Maluku.

Keywords: Industry, Offshore wind turbine, Southwest Maluku, sustainable business model, value

mapping analysis


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D001. The Role of Organizational Justice as Mediation between Organizational Ambidexterity

and Irritation among Foreign Physicians in Germany

Zega, Lovely C.

Master Graduate from University of Trier, Germany


Abstract. The aim of this research is to measure the mediation effect from organizational justice in the

relationship between organizational ambidexterity and irritation. In the measurements were included

the aspects of organizational ambidexterity, which are exploitation and exploration, the aspects of

irritation, which are emotional and cognitive irritation, and the aspects of organizational justice, which

are distributional justice, interactional justice and procedural justice. There were full mediation effects

of distributional justice in the relationship between exploitation with irritation (β= -.3985, p < .05) and

exploitation with cognitive irritation (β= -.2491, p < .05). There were 26 foreign physicians as

respondents in this research. This research measured an indirect mediation effect with the SPSS program

from Andy F. Hayes. This research revealed that the hospitals implemented exploitation and the highest

association was between distributional justice and cognitive irritation (β= -.932, R2=.346, p .002).

Keywords: organizational justice, mediation, organizational ambidexterity, irritation, physician,

Germany

D002. A Literature Study: utilization of Antioxidant Compounds in Rice Bran (Oryza sativa) for

Ischemic Stroke Disease Prevention and Adjuvant Therapy

1Yoga Dwi Oktavianda, Rizqi Nanda Pribawa

Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia


Abstract. Stroke is a central nerve system disorder which occurs suddenly, progressively, and fast.

About 10% of deaths in the world are caused by stroke. In 2013, the prevalence of stroke in Indonesia

was 1.21%. Aging is one of the risk factors for stroke due to decreasing vascular function. Antioxidants

consumption has been proven to be able to prevent vascular damage and neuronal lesion area expansion

caused by ischemic stroke. This research is based on literature review related to antioxidant compounds

contained in rice bran (Oryza sativa), ischemic stroke disease prevention and adjuvant therapy.

Researchers will then analyze the correlation between those variables. Ischemic stroke occurs as a result

of vascular disorders in the central nervous system. Aging, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking,

and hyperlipidemia are the risk factors for stroke due to increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Ischemia leading to ROS causes neuron damage through some mechanisms. In order to suppress the

effects of ROS, the human body needs antioxidants. Although in Indonesia it is better known as fodder,

rice bran is one of the antioxidant-rich foods, containing vitamin E and γ-oryzanol. It has been proven

to be able to be used for improving endothelial function and vascular contractility. Moreover, rice bran

consumption can also lower blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL, and insulin resistance. Vitamin E

in rice bran can also reduce the neuronal lesions area caused by ischemic stroke by inducing Bcl-2 gene

expression which regulates neuronal cell apoptosis. Rice bran contains antioxidant, vitamin E and γ-

oryzanol, so it can be used to prevent ischemic stroke by lowering blood pressure, total cholesterol,

LDL cholesterol, and increasing insulin sensitivity. It also can be used as adjuvant therapy by reducing

neuronal extensive infarction. Direct study regarding the effect of rice bran consumption in ischemic

stroke patients is needed to determine the factors which can improve neuronal and vascular function. In


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addition, public socialization about the benefits of rice bran as a healthy food as well as making

acceptable food containing rice bran, such as supplements, cooking oil, biscuits, or porridge, are

necessary as in Indonesia, it is known as fodder.

Keywords: antioxidants, ischemic stroke, rice bran

D003. Mosquito Lamp Solar Power Integration: Innovation Repellant Aedes Aegypti Effective to

Reduce the Incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever

1Devi Priyantika, Rozzaq Alhanif Islamudin

Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health Diponegoro University Semarang, Indonesia


Abstract. Dengue fever (DF)/dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a growing public health problem in

the subtropics. [1] Indonesia is the largest country in the region with a population of 245 million. [2]

Semarang became one of the dengue endemic area. From January to mid-February 2015, the City Health

Department reported that there were 435 cases of Semarang Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in the

various regions. Mosquitoes have an attraction to light. According to research mentioned the difference

in the color of light affects the number of Aedes aegypti. [11] As an alternative to environmental

management in an effort to dengue prevention activities is to install an Aedes aegypti repellant

development tools that convert solar energy into electrical energy using photovoltaic or solar cells.

Therefore, the author would like to develop new technological innovations Aedes aegypti repellant

effective to reduce the incidence of DHF. Utilization of solar energy have been optimally better in terms

of economic viability. Based on the existing theory, the basis for the authors make the lights always on

every day but energy efficient and environmentally friendly, namely by creating effective solutions

"Mosquito Lamp Solar Power Integration". The purpose of this paper to provide new ideas in the field

of health-related technologies Aedes aegypti control to reduce the incidence of dengue fever. The

method that used for this study was literature review sources from literature and official statistic with

compare and analyze program that have before. The working principle of the resource equipment that

uses solar cells to power the lights and turn the fan (blower) by using a power cell naturally. The lights

and the fan will turn on automatically with the energy stored in the power saver. Color lights resulted

in mosquito stimulated to come around. Mosquitoes also will be forcibly drawn by the air flow

generated by the fan rotation that has reversed the direction of rotation. Based on the experimental

results of electrical energy from a solar cell 50 WP exposed to the sun for 6 hours capable of powering

four lamps with a power of 30 watts for 16 hours. It can applied to the front of the house’s lamp (garden

lights). Innovation is considered effective because mosquitoes usually fly at 8-10 hours during the

afternoon. It is strongly supports the national energy policy of diversification energy that is applied in

prevention of public health issues in Indonesia.

Keywords: Mosquitoes, Repellant, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, Solar cell.


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E001. Speed Bump and Pavement Floor as Ground Electric Generator to Sustain Tourism Spot

Activity

1Muhammad Faiz Aghni & Rizka Islami Ratnasari

Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Gadjah Mada University


Abstract. Malioboro Street which has 1.3 km of length through by 887 vehicles per hour. On the

pavement sides, there are 1,923 tourists step on the same floor per hour. This condition makes many

problems such as people crossing the road carelessly. But, the worst problem is shortages of electricity

power. Malioboro Street consume 123 kW per hour of electricity. Using electricity from PLN is just

increasing the cost. Therefore, Malioboro Street should have independent energy resources. That is

renewable energy which not use additional area. Speed bump and pavement floor systems is

breakthrough solution. Not only to reduce speed of vehicle, for safety factor, but also work for generate

58.65 kWh. While, 30.77 kWh generated from pavement floor panel. Total energy harvested is 89.42

kWh which covered 72.7% electricity. On the weekend the tourists come doubled. They produce 154.4

kWh electricity. It means 25.5% electricity saved. Literature review is the first methodology of this

research. Then, researcher directly visit to Malioboro Street to obtain the actual data. Then, the data

calculated by dynamics and mechanical vibrations formulas. Next, electricity generated summed each

other to obtain the total electricity harvested. For electricity usage in that street, Researcher make a list

of electronic devices used then find the power consumption of each device in the internet. After that

summed and got the total electricity consumption. Finally, the electricity gained compared with

electricity usage to know the efficiency of this system.

Keywords: electricity, floor panel, Malioboro Street, mechanical, piezoelectric, speed bump

*Awardee for the Best Paper in ICONIC 2016


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F001. Flowers and Ecological Engineering: a New Direction for Increasing Rice Yield

1*Riswin Taufik, 1Fahmi Risyad Sulthoni, 1Alif Galih Syahrul Abdillah, 1Reggy Nauval Pratama Sakti, 1Adlu Fahir, 1Joko Pilianto, 2Gatot Mudjiono, 2Mochammad Syamsul Hadi 1Student, Agriculture Faculty, Brawijaya University, Veteran Street Malang, East Java, Indonesia 2Lecturer, Agriculture Faculty, Brawijaya University, Veteran Street Malang, East Java, Indonesia

Email: 1*[email protected]

Abstract. Ecological Engineering is a relatively new concept of environmental manipulation for the

benefits of human and the environment. Recently, a pioneering attempt was made in Indonesia to see if

rice insect pest problems could be solved through Ecological Engineering. The study was conducted to

know the role of the Ecological Engineering practices on Brown Planthopper population and their

natural enemy’s population. The research was conducted in Mampil Subvillage, Penganten Village,

Balen District, Bojonegoro from December 2014 to March 2015. There were two treatments in this

research, Ecological Engineering and Conventional. Some flower such as Sesamun indicum, Impatiens

balsamina L., Vigna radiata, and Celosia cristata, were planted on the bounds and applied biological

agents (Beauveria bassiana, Bacillus sp, Trichoderma sp, Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria). We

found that Ecological Engineering significantly increase the population of Brown Planthopper natural

enemies as indicated by the amount of natural enemy species on Ecological Engineering are 587 natural

enemies per hill and Conventional treatment are 170 natural enemies per hill. In general, compared with

Ecological Engineering, Conventional is not significantly decreased Brown Planthopper population.

The mean were found 2.1 adults of Brown Planthopper per tiller of Ecological Engineering and 2.9

adults of Brown Planthopper per tiller of Conventional. Experimentation with Ecological Engineering

in Indonesia indicated that it offers immense opportunities to rice pest management using non-chemical

methods leading to economic and environmental benefits.

Keywords: Nilaparvata lugens, natural enemies, ecological engineering, environmental


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G001. Isolation and Antimicrobial Activities of Ironwood Extracts (Euxiderxylon zwageri) for

Mouthwash Formulation

1*Evy Setiawati, 2Mia Fitriana & 3Heri Soedarmanto 1Doctoral Program in Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, Indonesia 1Institute of Research and Standardization of Industry, Ministry of Industry, Indonesia 2Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Lambung Mangkurat

University, Indonesia 3Faculty of Engineering, State Polytechnic of Banjarmasin, Indonesia


Abstract. Ironwood (Eusiderxylon zwageri) is a leading commodity wood originated from Kalimantan.

Ironwood contains various compounds such as flavonoids, triterpenoids, tannins, saponins and

alkaloids. Flavonoids, triterpenoids and saponins are chemical compounds that potential as antibacterial

and antiviral compounds. Some people in Kalimantan have successfully cured toothache using water

boiled with ironwood. This tradition causes speculation that ironwood contains a compound that kills

germs causing tooth pain and indicates that the ironwood provides benefit as medicine. The present

study was aimed to isolate the active ironwood substances and to formulate the non-toxic mouthwash

from the extraction of ironwood waste. Isolation of active ironwood was done by extraction in a soxhlet

apparatus with 250 ml of water and ethanol, with comparison (1:1) at various time. Antimicrobial

activity test against Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated by solid diffusion

method at various extract concentrations. The extract that had strongest antimicrobial activity against

S. aureus and S. mutans was mixed with all the chemicals needed for mouthwash formulation (formula

1 and 2). 100% concentration of ironwood extracted with ethanol in 2.5 hours showed the strongest

antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and S. mutans. This research showed that the most abundant

active compound of ironwood extracted with ethanol in 2.5 hours was 1,2,3-trimethoxy-5-(2-propenyl)-

benzene, derived from benzene class compound (C12H16O3). Ethanol extract concentration in the

formulated mouthwash was 10% while the rest 90% was excipients. The viscosity, pH and density of

the mouthwash formulations were tested. Based on hedonic test, formula 2 was preferred than formula

1 in term of color, aroma and flavor. The results showed that formula 2 has pH level (5.85), viscosity

(3 cPs) and density (0.98 g / ml) which is suitable as mouthwash to relieve dental pain.

Keywords: ironwood; toothache; Streptococcus mutans; Staphylococcus aureus; mouthwash

**Awardee for the Most Innovative Paper in ICONIC 2016

G002. Glucosamine Preparation from Acid Hydrolysis of Chitin under Microwave Irradiation

1*Muhammad Riza Saifurrizqi Azizi, 2Arafah Khoirul Ummah 1Departement of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang,

Indonesia 2Departement of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang,

Indonesia


Abstract. Chitin has a high molecular weight and low solubility in water, these limits it in its application

as osteoarthritis drugs and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The limitations are

overcome by hydrolysis process to get lower molecule weight and high solubility. In general preparation


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of glucosamine hydrochloride (GlcN.HCl) in concentrated hydrochloric acid is under elevated

temperature and requires long hydrolysis time. Hydrolysis process under microwave irradiation has a

higher temperature and equitable heat distribution, it can accelerate the reaction rate and selectivity

because temperature is factor that affecting the reaction rate. Hydrolysis of chitin using microwave

irradiation shortening reaction time from 120 minutes in process under conventional heater to 16

minutes for obtain GLcN.HCl 51% in yield. From designed variables chitin ratio, higher obtained yield

in process at chitin ratio 1:8 (w/v), irradiation time is more influence the process and obtained the yield

rather that chitin ratio and microwave power.

Keywords: Chitin, Glucosamine, Hydrolysis, Microwave irradiation,

G003. Utilization of Avocado Seed Starch for Biodegradable Medical Pads (Comparison on Some

Famous Brand Pads in Indonesia)

1Isnaini Suciati, Rifatul Qomariyah

University of Muhammadiyah Malang


Abstract. In this study, the authors aim to reduce the amount of plastic waste generated from the

sanitary pads. Pads are consumer goods used by all women who have started having menstrual periods.

In a menstrual cycle, the longest cycle lasts for 15 days. Indonesia every woman's menstrual cycle in

one year, the increasing number of participating accounts for as much plastic waste many

38.943.436.290 pieces former bandage. It took decades to decompose plastic waste and cotton that

comes from the sawdust from the pads used during the female menstrual cycle. Trash the former use of

pads in addition to harming the environment as plastic and cotton scrap originating from sawdust, can

also be fatal for women's health because cotton is derived from wood powder obtained from the

processing of waste paper in dioxin. The solutions offered by the authors is to replace the plastic

component on sanitary napkins with biodegradable plastics from starch avocado seed. In addition to

solutions for confronting the problem of plastic waste that continues to grow, the authors also replace

the components of cotton with natural cotton pads that originally many manufacturers use waste paper

to be used as a cotton sanitary pads. The method used for this study is experimental method. Precisely

focused on the degradation of some the plastic components of the sanitary pads, including biodegradable

plastics are made from starch avocado seed. The results of the study, showed a very significant increase

of the mass of starch biodegradable plastics degradation avocado seed. However, the mass degradation

of three brand bandage used as a comparison average is beginning to degradation by week four,

amounting 9:09, 9:09, and 8:33 for the sanitary napkin brand "P", "C", and "N".

Keywords: Avocado Seed Starch, Biodegradable Plastic Degradation Mass, Sanitary Pads


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H001. Indonesia Ageless Island: Optimizing the Gili-Iyang as Conservation Area with Highly O2

for Tourist Resort

Maria Husnul Nurani1, Fildzah Cindra Yunita2, Rofika Anggun Thursina3 1 Veterinary Medicine Faculty of Universitas Airlangga, 2 Nursing Faculty of Universitas Airlangga, 3 Public Health Faculty of Universitas Airlangga


Abstract Oxygen is one of the natural elements that needed in life. Normal levels of oxygen in the

atmosphere is 20.95%. However, there are some areas on this earth that has above normal of oxygen

levels, one of them in Indonesia. Indonesia is an archipelago country that has 17,504 islands. Among

the islands, the Gili–Iyang island which lies on the line 6o59’8.961 coordinates are located in East Java,

claimed as the island with high oxygen levels. This island has an oxygen content of 21.5% according

to measurements made by Balai Besar Teknik Kesehatan Lingkungan dan Pengendalian Penyakit

(BBTKLPP, 2013) and the level of pollutant gases and COX are very low (Lembaga Antariksa dan

Penerbangan Nasional, 2006). Two potential of the Gili-Iyang island can provide a positive impact for

the development of tourism in Indonesia, such as design Gili-Iyang region into a tourist-based health

so that it can be the main attraction for tourists to visit the island. The research method is literature

study. Information obtained from the literature and prepared based on study of information related to

the issues discussed. The goal is to get the theoretical basis of the problem to be investigated. Writing

pursued interconnected between each other, and according to the topics discussed. To analyze the data

obtained in writing of this paper, the author uses descriptive analysis method that compile data obtained

and then interpreted and analyzed to provide information for solving problems faced. In fact, Gili-Iyang

is an island in the Java Sea that has a lot of potential to be developed. The island has not been exposed

and still neglected development. The concept making the Gili-Iyang as Indonesia ageless island will

have a major impact for the local industry in Indonesia. Indonesia ageless island is a conservation area

using healthy with nature in tourist resort concept that became an icon of health-based tourism in

Indonesia. This tour is not only reserved for the tourists who are undergoing medical rehabilitation

related oxygen needs, but also for tourists who need refreshing. Tourism is also a form of prevention

against diseases or disorders related to psychological. We initiated an innovation by facilitating these

areas such as hyperbaric oxygen therapy, sauna, SPA (Solus Per Aqua), water sports, therapeutic

aerobic, therapeutic stress, nature area, fishing area, diving, snorkeling, mangrove tours, and some

therapies that support preventive and rehabilitative against disease or disorder related to the

psychological to spoil the tourists in terms of services and facilities in the conservation area.

Keywords : Conservation, Gili-iyang, Tourist Resort, O2, Island.

H002. Indonesian Tourism Industry Revival through Halal Tourism

1*Nanda Putri Ghassani Fildzah, 1Naufal Rizkullah Nurhaqim & 2Fitrie Aulia 1Accounting Major, Universitas Padjadjaran 2Economics Major, Universitas Padjadjaran


Abstract. According to the State of the Global Islamic Economy Report 2015/2016, global muslim

consumers spending on travel reached $142 billion in 2014 and it is expected to grow to $233 billion

markets by 2020. Supported by this growth, halal tourism is expected to be a milestone in the revival

of Indonesian tourism industry. However, there are still some problems that restrain halal tourism from


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developing in Indonesia in terms of infrastructure, human resources, communication and publicity,

government policies and rules, technology information, community readiness, and not yet developed

investment in several regions. The method employed in the research is qualitative method. Qualitative

research involves repetition of sampling, collection of data, and analysis of data. The steps required in

qualitative research are data reduction, data display, and drawing conclusions. The conclusions of this

paper are appropriate strategies for the development of halal tourism in Indonesia. The strategies that

can be applied to solve the problems and especially to develop halal tourism are by strengthening

Islamic values in order to attract local and international tourists. In addition, halal tourism destinations

in Indonesia should be well improved to attract the market segments of Indonesian young generation.

It needs support from the government to develop halal tourism, conduct the socialization, and establish

the guidelines.

Keywords: halal; industry; islamic; tourism

H003. Exploring Tulungagung Tourism Potential by Using Place, Art Culture, and Food in Coro

Beach

1Dwi Cahyani Octavianti, 2Desi Susanti 1Faculty of Humanities Universitas Airlangga Surabaya, Indonesia 2Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Airlangga Surabaya, Indonesia


Abstract. Development of the technology in this modern era can make people access beautiful places

all over the world by using the internet. According to Hepi, Yusri, and Luchman (2015) (in Mualisin,

2007), “Tourism is the biggest one of many industry sectors and becomes the fastest grow up of

economic sector”. Indonesia is one of some countries that becomes the tourism destination. Based on

digilib.its.ac.id “... based on WTO there are 1,046 billion people (2010), and there will be 1,602 billion

people in 2020 from all over the word travel”. The famous places of Indonesia mostly in the south area

of Indonesia, because there are a lot of beautiful beaches in the south area of Indonesia. Tulungagung

is one of many towns in Indonesia that has beautiful places for tourism destination such as beach,

waterfall, mountain, lake, and temple. This town also has many cultural arts and traditional food that

can attract foreigners for tourism destination. The focus of the discussion in this paper is how to make

all of them in one package as the tourism destination. Pantai Coro (Coro Beach) is chosen because the

access to this beach from the center of Tulungaung is only thirty minutes and there are three different

beautiful destination here. First destination is Retjo Sewu (A thousand statue) as the graveyard of the

famous people in Tulungagung who had interesting story of his glory. Second, Pantai Coro (Coro

Beach) that will be the main destination for the tourism as a centre of the place that can be enjoyed by

the tourism in learning the history of Tulungagung, enjoying art culture, and eating traditional food.

Third destination is Banyu Muluk, it is the cliff beside Coro Beach that has beautiful scenery when the

water of the sea crash the cliff and going up to the air. There are seven steps of doing this project, they

are observing the place, interviewing the society around, discussing with the government in the tourism

section, making project proposal, making website and joining some international community in tourism,

making relation with many elements, and doing the program. The result of this program can explore the

tourism destination, art culture, and traditional food of Tulungagung. The other results are development

of Tulungagung, high people income, low number of jobless people, adding of education in history and

the story behind the art culture to the foreigners.

Keywords: Coro, beach, tourism, Tulungagung, art, culture, food


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H004. Getting to Know the Attractive Backpackers

Fara Ramadhina

Indonesia Communications


Abstract. This paper aims to investigate international backpackers’ psychographic characteristics and

the way they are an attractive target market of Indonesia tourism. Their travel behavior, motivation of

traveling, and travel experiences are being empirically explored and discussed. International visitors,

considering their far-reaching role in boosting the economy, are chosen to provide the primary data for

this qualitative study through semi-structured in-depth interviews with purposive sampling technique.

The findings are interrogated under Grounded Theory approach. Through the analysis, it is found that

backpackers are travelers who, in accordance with previous studies, prefer using local accommodation

and transportation, emphasize interaction with local people and travelers, have a long duration of stay,

embrace changes in the travel schedule, and do recreational activities. Yet, there are two other elements

that strongly emerged and have never been comprehensively discussed in the previous literature; it is

that they move from one place to another and exclude themselves from other type of tourists.

Backpackers claim homogenous motivation that is to see different natural environments, to experience

different cultures, and to meet new people. However in contrast, the study reveals that they exhibit

heterogeneous experiences. Consequently, the author proposes a brand new categorization, the

Backpackers’ Experience Spectrum. A number of ways backpackers could enhance Indonesia

development is also elaborated. It is hoped that this study gives contribution to the academic literature

in tourism field as well as to the advancement of Indonesia destination marketing strategy in the future.

Keywords: backpackers, Indonesia, experience, psychographic, segmentation, tourism

**Awardee for the Best Presentation in ICONIC 2016

H005. Wedi Ombo Coral Reef System as a Role Model of Smart Educational Tourism and

Integrated Zoning for Evolving Local Economy in Coastal Area

1Fano Alfian Ardyansyah, Daniel Futuchata Falachi

Faculty of Engineering, University of Gadjah Mada


Abstract. Gunung kidul is one of the Yogyakarta Regional area which is longest coastal area in

Yogyakarta. Wedi Ombo beach is one of the biggest beach in Yogyakarta located in Gunung Kidul

which has big potential of natural tourism with an abundance resource yet it still get low supported of

government in tourism sector as a supportive sector in economy structure Starting from that problem, a

concept of “Wedi Ombo Coral Reef System As A Role Model Of Smart Educational Tourism And

Integrated Zoning For Evolving Local Economy In Coastal Area” is created. Using primary and

secondary data with qualitative approach, problems were identified by fishbone diagram and concept

was analyzed by SWOT, multi-attribute approach, and regression model, the concept was modeled used

3D Model. The objective of this concepts are to brand Wedi Ombo to the public with their natural

capital, to optimize their resource becoming educational tourism and conservation with the existence of

coral reef, and to develop their economy activity by integrated zoning through smart educational


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tourism, local community development, and local business. It will help local government to realize

sustainable goals development and support the program of Nawacita. By continuous improving and

collaborating with potential stakeholder, Wedi Ombo can be role model for evolving local economy in

coastal area.

Keywords: educational tourism, integrated zoning, local community development


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I001. A Model of Utilization of May Day Celebration through “NOJTP” (A Case in Indonesia)

1Ahmad Fajri, 2Muh Nurul Khomari 1Student of Financial Analyst Study Program, State Polytechnic of Semarang, Indonesia 2Student of Production and Maintenance Mechanical Engineering, State Polytechnic of Semarang,

Indonesia


Abstract. In Indonesia, May Day Celebration is always colored by mass demonstration and

prosecutions. That celebration is of course will give negative impact in many ways, such as disturbing

the economic and social activities. To reduce it, the author try to provide an alternative solution through

National on the Job Training Program (NOJTP). NOJTP is a program that provides training to workers

on May Day celebrations in order to improve the quality and competitiveness of Indonesian workers.

According to Gomes (2002) providing on the job training will at least contribute 90% of the skill and

labor competitiveness. Based on survey on opinion to 40 workers in Central java Province, it is found

that 95% need this program. To run NOJTP, there are four steps to implement. First, establishing the

regulations of NOJTP program; second, socializing NOJTP; third, running the training provision (such

as training on language, technology and entrepreneurship) and social; monitoring is held during the

implementation and evaluating the whole of activities is done at the end of the training. Some benefits

of running these programs are the increases of the productivity, labor competitiveness, and the spirit of

entrepreneurship, also promoting the sense of social communities, reducing demonstrations, and

minimizing the risk of employment termination. All seven outputs are predicted to bring Indonesian

labors much better. Offering workers beneficial and motivating on the job training programs on the

week of May Day celebrations will surely improve the competitiveness of Indonesian labors playing in

AEC, which started in 2015.

Keywords: May Day celebration, competitiveness, labor, training


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J001. Optimization E-Waste Management by Empowering Local Communities at MRF

1Marsha Widia Rahma and 2Humayri Sidqi 1Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia 2Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia


Abstract. Electronic waste (e-waste) becomes the main problem which is faced by developed and

developing countries. In Indonesia, there is not a clear data that tell how many e-waste was produced

per year. Beside e-waste that produced by Indonesian communities, Indonesia receives an e-waste from

other country. Nevertheless, based on the research, e-waste is not found at Final Disposal or Tempat

Pemrosesan Akhir (Tempat Pemrosesan Akhir), except some part of component e-waste that can be

delivered to producer to be reassembled. It shows that there are some illegal systems that collect e-

waste irresponsibly. Given that the content of e-waste material is highly dangerous if untreated and

dumped directly on the ground, hence needed a system to manage e-waste which is safe to the

environment, easy to operate by a non-expert, and able to increase workers’ incomes. The e-waste

management system can be a trigger to the government to run the policy concerning e-waste

management. In the other hand, this system can be a good example of the environmentally friendly

treatment that can empower the local communities around Material Recycling Facility (MRF) by

involving them. Educating local communities to improve their knowledge about e-waste and training

them to develop e-waste recycling industry in Indonesia. This system can be extended by analyzing

other aspects with PESTLE (Political, Economic, Socio-Cultural, Technological, Legal, and

Environmental) analysis to show this system overview and make strategies to optimize the e-waste

management system.

Keywords: electronic waste; e-waste management; Indonesia; MRF; PESTLE analysis

J002. Sorting Waste as an Alternative Way to Reduce Waste from Fast Food Restaurant in Depok

Hilmiyah Tsabitah, Amalia Shabrina, Yuriza Aprilia, Rian Prabowo, Dewi Firdausi, and Parama

Maharddhika

Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia


Abstract. Depok city has developed rapidly on economic and population. It contributed to increased

volume of waste. Data found that percentage of organic waste was about 32.48% and inorganic waste

was about 67.52%. Environmental problem such as waste can be reduced with collaboration between

society, businessman, and government, including fast food restaurant. Fast food restaurants have

potential to produce not only organic waste from the leftover food but also the tableware they use to

serve their food because they mostly use paper cup or plate. These kind of waste have potentials to be

sorted and recycled. This paper aims to know the mass of recyclable waste and the potential of waste

sorting in fast food restaurant. This study conducted a descriptive research that focused on waste

management mainly sorting waste in L restaurant, a fast food restaurant in Margonda, Depok. The waste

was sorted into five categories: Organic, plastic (consist of 26 types of plastic), plastic bag, paper, and

residue. After that, the sorted waste was weighed in seven workdays from 26th November to 4th

December 2015 and being transferred to Depok’s waste bank to be recycled and composted. Moreover,

an interview to the assistant manager was conducted to strengthen our result. After measuring the waste,

the percentage average data shows that non-recyclable waste from L restaurant as much as 13%. In

Margonda Depok, there are nine more fast food restaurants that have similar characteristics with the


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restaurant L. Therefore, if the waste sorting is conducted in every restaurant, the waste that goes to

landfill will be reduced and may lead to reduction of reliance on landfills. However, L Restaurant had

not sort their waste. In contrast, waste sorting has been implemented in many countries. On the other

hand, food waste management that most likely conducted in Depok is to process waste into more useful

products such as fertilizers (through composting) and raw materials (through recycle). Recycling

facilities that has a composting facility and accept recyclable waste in Depok is Depok Waste Bank.

Thus, fast food restaurant can transfer their waste to be composted and recycled in waste bank.

Furthermore, an approach and education to the management and their employees are needed so that a

zero waste restaurant will be achieved, increase the value of fast food restaurant, and contribute in

reducing environmental problem in Depok.

Keywords: Depok, fast food, restaurant, waste, waste sorting

J003. Risk Management for Water Sustainability on Transit Oriented Development (TOD)

Walini

Dhawy Farras Putra

Telkom University, Bandung, Indonesia


Abstract. The design of the project that could impact on the community need to be assessed in terms

of ecological preservation. This is relevant with the 17th Principle of the Rio Declaration which states

that Environmental impact assessment, as a national instrument, shall be undertaken for proposed

activities that are likely to have a significant adverse impact on the environment and are subject to a

decision of a competent national authority (UNEP, 1992) [1]. Successful TOD give society with a

comfortable lifestyle, affordable and active and create a place where children can play and parents can

grow old comfortably with convenient, affordable and active lifestyles and creates places where

children can play and parents can grow old comfortably. TOD Walini is a region that in the process of

development there are potential problems associated with environmental sustainability. TOD Walini

will use the land area of 1,270 hectares of the total 2,800 hectares owned by PT Perkebunan Nusantara

(PTPN) VIII [4]. This research used Risk Mapping Analysis. High Speed Train Project have internal

and external factors that affect each other. Risk management is a flexible strategy that can be used for

a variety of industrial scale [5]. Therefore we need a risk management in the construction of railway

projects across the water catchment areas. In making the risk map need to analyze internal and external

factors that affect the High Speed Train project. With the purpose to preserve water resources and

maximize the use of water that can be sustained. This research result is mapped into two categories that

is external risk and internal risk. Then assessed appropriate action plans as recommendation based on

the analysis that has been done that can be used on sustainable water conservation roadmap in TOD

Walini.

Keywords: Risk management, risk analysis, sustainability, transit oriented development

J004. Mathematical Model Approach and Optimization of Fish Wastes Treatment for Biogas

Ahmad Andika Himawan, Edward Cantona Taufan, Indra Riadi, 1Medika Kristina Sihombing, Agus

Hadiyarto

Chemical Engineering Department, Diponegoro University



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Abstract. Indonesia, the 4th largest population in the world, is extremely dependent on the fossil fuel

energy. But, our fossil fuel energy reserves is harshly decreased over time & not sustainable. One

alternative to alleviating the problem is by utilizing fish waste into biogas. Fish wastes were chosen

because it were released directly form fish processing area into environment without further treatment.

Moreover, fishes waste also contain many organic compounds which is very potential to convert it into

biogas. It is expected to become sustainable energy in the future. However, the biogas fermentation

tends to progress slowly, complex reaction, and generate unwanted side products such as ammonia and

hydrogen sulfide. Therefore, it needs to be added up to speed-up fermentation. One of them is bromelain

enzyme. This research was focused to find out the effects of bromelain enzyme concentrations to the

biogas & methane production and also the effects to the COD decompositions. Investigation of kinetic

parameter from anaerobic digestion of fish wastes would be the 2nd objective. All of data must be

collected first by conducting experiment in laboratory. In mesophilic operation, bromelain enzymes

were added by variation of 0 gr/grODM; 0.05 gr/grODM; 0.1 gr/grODM with the response of biogas &

methane production and COD decomposition over 40 days. The collected data was used to test

mathematical model by curve fitting method and determine kinetic parameter constants using

MATLAB Simulink. The results of this research were the biogas production rates increased with the

addition of bromelain enzyme because it helps speed up the process of hydrolysis. In addition, the

enzyme 0.1 gr/gr ODM, biogas produced 43.3% more than without enzymes and the resulting methane

gas 46.8% more compared to variables without the addition of enzymes. The addition of enzymes may

decrease the levels of COD, since microorganisms in the activated sludge will be more effective in

altering the substrate into biogas. From the mathematical model approach curve fitting method shown

that the model has small Sum Square Error (SSE) and it tend to be valid. Kinetic parameter constants

can be calculated and determined then.

Keywords: biogas; bromelain enzyme; fish wastes; mathematical model; matlab Simulink

J005. Underground Geological Storage Application Methods to Reduce Emissions Of Carbon

Dioxide In The Process Of Palm Oil Production In East Aceh District, Indonesia

1Yudi Syahputra, Chairiyatul Fitri

Geological Engineering Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia


Abstract. Indonesia is one of the largest palm oil producer in the world. In 2015, the area is used as an

oil palm plantation in Indonesia reached 11,444,808 Ha and the production of palm oil in the same year

reached 30,948,931 tons (Directorate General of Estate Crops of Indonesia, 2015). Aceh Province itself

has an estimation for its production in 2015 with the total area of 430.903 Ha and the total estimated

production of 896.684 tons. The processing of palm oil often leads to air pollution caused by emissions

of carbon dioxide from the burning. So it is very susceptible to air pollution. Expected underground

geological method can reduce the carbon dioxide emissions generated by the activity of the processing

of palm oil. To make sure by apply under geological storage can bring positive impact, the

implementation should be arranged and executed according to the certain procedures. There are two

main important points by apply this method, the first is how to separate and capture CO2 gas and how

to transported C02 gas to another field. For separate CO2 from other gas by using absorption principal.

Absorption is a process that absorb of a certain substance by another substance. After CO2 gas has been

separated from another gas, the next procedure is to transport the CO2 into another field that is Arun

Field. Carbon dioxide produced from the processing of oil palm is also one cause of increasing CO2 in


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the atmosphere. As we know, carbon dioxide is dangerous gas. In today's age, the presence of this gas

with a number high enough can boost global warming and other environmental issues. To handle the

issue of disposal of the carbon dioxide produced during the production of palm oil is to move it into

underground rock formations. This method is also called the Underground Geological Storage. CO2

will be saved in a reservoir rock that has a large enough capacity through the injection process. The

location for CO2 storage is on the Arun gas field in East Aceh. It’s been selected because it has a

reservoir rocks that have depleted natural gas reserves (Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of

the Republic of Indonesia, 2014). So that, for the next, the processing of palm oil can be combined with

Underground Geological Storage method to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and create a cleaner and

healthier environment.

Keywords: Underground Geological Storage; CO2; Arun Field

J006. Planning of Community Based Wastewater Treatment Provision (A case study: Kelurahan

Ngagel Rejo, Surabaya)

1Ainul Firdatun Nisaa, Eddy Setiadi Soedjono

Department of Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia


Abstract. One of the points of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2030 is to achieve access to

adequate sanitation and hygiene and equitable for all, as well as an end to indiscriminate defecation.

The environmental statistics of Surabaya’s (the 2nd largest city in Indonesia) Environment Agency

(BLH) on 2011 point out; about 12.12% of unsanitary latrine owned by households spread across all

districts in Surabaya. The number of households in the city of Surabaya, which has not had any septic

tank, is 9129 households. An average of one third of the population in Surabaya uses the facility to

dispose wastewater directly to the water drainage channel. One example is RT 11 RW 7 inhabitants

who live along the Kali Sumo riverbanks in Ngagel Rejo sub-district, Surabaya. They draw black water

and gray water off to the river located few meters in front of the house. The low-income of most of the

inhabitants living in the area has been a major issue so far. One of the programs encouraged by the

current local government in order to increase the feasibility of sanitation in urban areas is through

community based urban sanitation (SPBM) program. It is an initiative to build sanitation awareness

among inhabitants and to promote the provision of residential infrastructure and wastewater

management facilities in a community basis with a responsive approach to the needs. This program is

developed through self-help group (KSM) which consists of the local residents itself. KSM is the group

who will be responsible for the operation and maintenance (O&M) of the communal sewerage. Through

this program, inhabitants will manage a communal sewerage network as well as an anaerobic baffled

reactor (ABR) with dimensions 6.55 m x 1.5 m x 1.8 m as a communal wastewater treatment plant

(WWTP). The location of the WWTP is specified by three possible options of the communal sewerage

system; comparing ease of road access, social and financial aspect. The chosen alternative location of

WWTP is a used community center. Estimated cost to build communal sewerage is around IDR 345

million ($25,000). The source of funding for the construction is expected to come from local

government or third parties. However, every household should pay operation and maintenance fee for

about IDR 5,000 ($0.40) each week.

Keywords: Anaerobic Baffled Reactor; Community Based Urban Sanitation; health; septic tank; toilet


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