Israel and the Rise of Israel and the Rise of Palestinian IdentityPalestinian Identity

West Bank, Gaza Strip and the West Bank, Gaza Strip and the PLOPLO

From enlightened occupation to the IntifadaFrom enlightened occupation to the Intifada Territories captured by Israel in 1967 were Territories captured by Israel in 1967 were

considered bargaining chips for future peace considered bargaining chips for future peace talks. talks.

Jordanian law and administration were the Jordanian law and administration were the formal civil authorities in the West Bank, and a formal civil authorities in the West Bank, and a policy of Open Bridges was adopted.policy of Open Bridges was adopted.

During the first 20 years economic growth was During the first 20 years economic growth was 400%, due to the connection with Israel 400%, due to the connection with Israel (especially the labor market).(especially the labor market).

Until 1987, insurgencies were limited.Until 1987, insurgencies were limited. The second generation led a series of violent The second generation led a series of violent

demonstrations and popular riots – known later demonstrations and popular riots – known later as the Intifada (uprising).as the Intifada (uprising).

The PLO – from the Arab states’ tool to an independent forceThe PLO – from the Arab states’ tool to an independent force

Established in 1964 by the Arab League, the Established in 1964 by the Arab League, the Palestine Liberation Organization served as a Palestine Liberation Organization served as a tool against Israel, without any demand for tool against Israel, without any demand for sovereignty over the West Bank and the Gaza sovereignty over the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.Strip.

After 1967, the young leader of one of the After 1967, the young leader of one of the Guerrilla groups, Yasser Arafat from Fatah, Guerrilla groups, Yasser Arafat from Fatah, advocated for freedom of action for the PLO, advocated for freedom of action for the PLO, and the armed struggle against Israel.and the armed struggle against Israel.

Jordan served as the base for Fatah’s activities Jordan served as the base for Fatah’s activities until the Organization was expelled by Jordan until the Organization was expelled by Jordan 9/1970 (Black September) and moved to 9/1970 (Black September) and moved to Lebanon.Lebanon.

The PLO in Lebanon – A mini stateThe PLO in Lebanon – A mini state Lebanon: a country divided among different groups, Lebanon: a country divided among different groups,

with many Palestinian refugee camps.with many Palestinian refugee camps. By 1974 the PLO was recognized by Arab countries By 1974 the PLO was recognized by Arab countries

as the only representative of the Palestinian people. as the only representative of the Palestinian people. The PLO and the Palestinian struggle gain worldwide The PLO and the Palestinian struggle gain worldwide

recognition when Yasser Arafat speaks before the UN recognition when Yasser Arafat speaks before the UN General Assembly (1974).General Assembly (1974).

The PLO takes over the southern part of the divided The PLO takes over the southern part of the divided country. Creates a “State within a State”, with country. Creates a “State within a State”, with impressive armed forces.impressive armed forces.

Lebanon serves as a base to launch attacks and Lebanon serves as a base to launch attacks and missiles against Israel.missiles against Israel.

Israel-Lebanon first war 1982Israel-Lebanon first war 1982 Owing to continual terrorist raids by PLO guerrillas Owing to continual terrorist raids by PLO guerrillas

Israel starts operation “Peace for the Galilee”. Israel starts operation “Peace for the Galilee”. Israel wins the battle against Palestinian and Syrian Israel wins the battle against Palestinian and Syrian

forces. PLO forces and headquarters leave Lebanon forces. PLO forces and headquarters leave Lebanon for Tunisia. Israeli Lebanese allies, the Phalanges, for Tunisia. Israeli Lebanese allies, the Phalanges, take power.take power.

After the assassination of Bachir Gemayel (the leader After the assassination of Bachir Gemayel (the leader of the Maronites and the elected president) Phalanges of the Maronites and the elected president) Phalanges forces carry out a massacre in Sabra and Shatila, two forces carry out a massacre in Sabra and Shatila, two Palestinian refugee camps. Israel is held responsible.Palestinian refugee camps. Israel is held responsible.

Internal dispute in Israel due to the war. Security Internal dispute in Israel due to the war. Security Minister, Ariel Sharon, is forced to resign.Minister, Ariel Sharon, is forced to resign.

Israel becomes involved in Lebanese sectarian war Israel becomes involved in Lebanese sectarian war and withdraws to a security zone in 1985.and withdraws to a security zone in 1985.

After clashes with a Shiite militia – Hezbollah- Israel After clashes with a Shiite militia – Hezbollah- Israel withdraws from the security zone (2000). withdraws from the security zone (2000).

Israel and Lebanon second war - Israel and Lebanon second war - 20062006

Hezbollah had created a State within a State, armed Hezbollah had created a State within a State, armed by Shiite Iran. In the same time Hezbollah by Shiite Iran. In the same time Hezbollah functioned as a party in Lebanese politics and take functioned as a party in Lebanese politics and take part in the government.part in the government.

The tension between Israel and Hezbollah develop The tension between Israel and Hezbollah develop to a war in 2006 around the kidnapping of Israeli to a war in 2006 around the kidnapping of Israeli soldiers.soldiers.

After a month of fighting, the UN called for an Israeli After a month of fighting, the UN called for an Israeli withdrawal and disarming of the Hezbollah.withdrawal and disarming of the Hezbollah.

As of summer 2007, The Hezbollah is not showing As of summer 2007, The Hezbollah is not showing its arms publicly, but the organization was not its arms publicly, but the organization was not disarmed . The Hezbollah do not give any disarmed . The Hezbollah do not give any information about the captive soldiers.information about the captive soldiers.

From the Intifada to Agreement and BackFrom the Intifada to Agreement and Back The Palestinian uprising in the West Bank and Gaza The Palestinian uprising in the West Bank and Gaza

strip, and terrorist attacks carried out by militant strip, and terrorist attacks carried out by militant groups, continue for several years (1987- 1991, 1993).groups, continue for several years (1987- 1991, 1993).

King Hussein of Jordan severs Jordanian connection King Hussein of Jordan severs Jordanian connection with the West Bank (1988).with the West Bank (1988).

The PLO recognizes the Partition Resolution (1988).The PLO recognizes the Partition Resolution (1988). Talks with local leaders fail, and secret negotiations in Talks with local leaders fail, and secret negotiations in

Norway lead to mutual recognition between Israel and Norway lead to mutual recognition between Israel and the PLO – The Oslo Agreement (1993).the PLO – The Oslo Agreement (1993).

The PLO undertakes to stop all violence. Israel The PLO undertakes to stop all violence. Israel withdraws from almost all the Gaza strip and from withdraws from almost all the Gaza strip and from Palestinian cities and villages in the West Bank (Oslo Palestinian cities and villages in the West Bank (Oslo B 1995). The Palestinian Authority is created (1994).B 1995). The Palestinian Authority is created (1994).

Failure of negotiations about the “End of Conflict” Failure of negotiations about the “End of Conflict” (Camp David 2), lead to the resumption of violence – (Camp David 2), lead to the resumption of violence – The Second Intifada (2000).The Second Intifada (2000).