isiolo oldonyiro ward drought contingency plan 2015

Oldonyiro Ward Drought Contingency Plan, Isiolo County

DROUGHT CONTINGENCY PLAN

OLDONYIRO WARD

(FINAL)

ISIOLO COUNTYJUNE 2015

Contingency plan for Oldonyiro ward, Isiolo County.


Executive Summary

The Contingency planning process that produced this Drought Contingency Plan for Oldonyiro Ward was conducted at Oldonyiro from 23rd-28th June 2015. Participants were drawn from across the Oldonyiro Ward to ensure proper representation. The workshop was a follow up of Participatory Disaster Risk Assessment (PDRA) for Nooloroi Location which was done in the year 2013 by National Drought Management Authority

The objectives of the contingency planning workshop were to: Understand basic disaster risk reduction terms Carryout in depth drought risk analysis for Oldonyiro Ward Formulate drought risk reduction measures: preparedness, mitigation Understand linkages with National Drought Management Authority (NDMA), and with

other stakeholders

National Drought management Authority, as the organization legally mandated to coordinate all drought management activities in Kenya, uses the Drought Cycle Management (DCM) model in its efforts towards realizing this mandate. Drought being a slow onset hazard, it exhibits a series of indicators as it progresses from its mild form to its worst case, thus creating a drought cycle. DCM model classifies drought into 5 stages/phases namely Normal, Alert, Alarm, Emergency and Recovery phases. These phases are defined as follows:NORMAL: The normal phase occurs when the stability (environmental indicators), availability, access, and utilization Indicators show no unusual fluctuations and remain within the expected ranges for the time of the year in a given livelihood zone, division or district. In this phase, the risk is low, and vulnerability is low.ALERT: The alert phase is when the stability indicators show unusual fluctuations outside expected seasonal ranges within the whole County or livelihood zone. The alert level also occurs when household asset levels are still too low to provide adequate subsistence level, and vulnerability to food insecurity is still high. In this phase, risk is moderate, and vulnerability is moderate.ALARM: The alarm phase occurs when stability and availability indicators (e.g., livestock/ crop production) fluctuate outside expected seasonal ranges affecting the local economy. This condition affects most parts of the district, and directly or indirectly threatens food security of vulnerable livelihood zones. In this phase, risk is high, and vulnerability is high.EMERGENCY: In the emergency phase, all indicators are outside of normal ranges, local production systems have collapsed within the dominant economy. The emergency phase affects asset status and purchasing power to extent that seriously threatens food securityRECOVERY: Indicators returning to seasonal norms; local economies staring to recover; destitute people have returned to place of origin or found new employment.

With this understanding and technical guidance from NDMA and Kenya Rural Development Programme (KRDP-ASAL DM) officers, the community developed their Drought Contingency Plan and validated by Isiolo County technical officers and as well as at sub-location level and the final report compiled as contained in this report.



Table of Contents

Executive Summary.....................................................................................................................................2

1.0 Introduction.....................................................................................................................................4

1.1 Administrative structure and Population.....................................................................................4

1.2 Critical Facilities...........................................................................................................................5

1.2.1 Roads...................................................................................................................................5

1.2.2 Schools.................................................................................................................................5

1.2.3 Market Places......................................................................................................................6

1.2.3 Health Facilities....................................................................................................................6

1.2.4 Police Posts..........................................................................................................................6

1.2.5. Water sources......................................................................................................................6

1.2.6 Strategic Grazing Areas........................................................................................................7

2.0 Context Analysis..............................................................................................................................8

2.1 Livelihood Zones..........................................................................................................................8

2.3 Seasonal Calendar......................................................................................................................11

2.6 Wealth Breakdown and Income Sources...................................................................................12

2.6.1 Kipsing location..................................................................................................................12

2.6.2 Oldonyiro Location.............................................................................................................13

2.7 Sources of food..........................................................................................................................14

3.0 Drought Scenarios.........................................................................................................................14

3.1 Water Sector Drought Scenario.................................................................................................14

3.3 Education Sector Drought Scenario...........................................................................................17

3.4 Health Sector Drought Scenario.................................................................................................19

4.0 Sector Intervention Plans...............................................................................................................22

4.1 Water Sector Intervention Plans................................................................................................22

4.2 Livestock Sector Intervention Plans...........................................................................................33

4.3 Education Sector Intervention Plans..........................................................................................48

4.4 Health and Nutrition Intervention Plans....................................................................................55

4.6 Social Protection: Relief Food Provision....................................................................................71

5.0 Management and Coordination of CP process..............................................................................73

5.1. Standard Operating Procedures.................................................................................................73



1.0 Introduction

Oldonyiro Ward is one of the ten wards in Isiolo County. Following the enactment of new constitution the Wards were readjusted to target a bigger population and large areas. The ward is in Isiolo North Sub-County .

Oldonyiro Ward is vast and has a harsh terrain. The ward stretches from Ngarendare to the West to Kunancho to the West along Ewaso Nyiro river.

The ward is inhabited by Samburu mainly with a few turkana living in Oldonyiro and Kipsing centres.

The current challenges facing the ward are high illiteracy levels; retrogressive cultural practices that do not advocate for girl child education such as early marriages; poor infrastructure and poverty level of 71%, according to statistics.

The Ward has a diverse flora and fauna, forming an ideal ecosystem for promotion of eco-tourism. Communities through NRT, AWF and Olontile have developed Conservancies and these are Mpus-Kutuk ,Narupa, Nalare, Naramat conservancies. There is, however, environmental degradation, as 90% of the population relies on wood and charcoal for fuel. Charcoal burning is also an income generating activity; a negative coping strategy in the current drought.

1.1 Administrative structure and PopulationAdministratively, the ward is divided into four locations namely Oldonyiro, Longopito, Kipsing and Lenguruma with six sub-locations namely Oldonyiro, Rumate, Tuale, Lenguruma, Longopito and Kipsing. The ward has the following populations:

Sub Location

MALE FEMALE TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS AREA IN SQ KM

DENSITY

Oldonyiro 4850 4878 9828 1348 255 16Longopito 1406 1450 2856 587 366 08Kipsing 1666 1741 3407 745 205 17Lenguruma 1031 1122 2153 473 335 06Totals 7,547 7,841 15,388 3,153 1,161.2 13

Politically, Oldonyiro Ward is one of the 7 Wards in Isiolo North Constituency of Isiolo County. The other 3 wards being Kinna, Garbatulla and Sericho Wards.

1.2 Climatic ConditionThe Ward is hot and dry most of the months in the year with two rainy seasons, short rains occur in October and November with very little showers during the long rains of March-May. The rainfall received in the ward is usually scarce and unreliable with an annual average of 200-



350 mm with the wettest months being October-November .Since rainfall is erratic and unreliable, it cannot support crop farming hence high , depending mainly on livestock rearing hence poverty levels are recorded in the Ward

1.3 Livestock PopulationThe main livestock species reared in the Ward are cattle, goats, sheep, camels, donkeys and bees. Donkeys provide the key mode of transport. Their population by species is as indicated below

Locations Cattle Goats Sheep Camels Donkeys LogHives

Langstroth

PoultryLocal Grade

Oldonyiro 8,000 20,000 12,000 1208 1500 310 3002 0Kipsing 11,000 33,000 15,000 2210 3602 50 2100 0Totals 19,000 57,000 27,000 3418 5,102 360 5102 0

1.2 Critical FacilitiesOldonyiro Ward is blessed with several critical facilities ranging from schools, dispensaries, sand dams and water pans, among others.

1.2.1 RoadsThe Ward is served by earth road. There are other roads such as road from Oldonyiro town through Kipsing to Isiolo. Oldonyiro - Nanyuki to Isiolo. Other minor roads (class E) include:

Waso bridge(crocodile jaws) to Oldonyiro

Oldonyiro to Kimanjo

Oldonyiro to Mabati through Tuale

Kipsing to Ngarendare

Oldonyiro to Nantudu

1.2.2 Schools Oldonyiro Ward has two secondary schools (Oldonyiro and Kipsing mixed secondary Schools) and 8 primary schools, each with its Early Childhood Centre (ECD). Their enrolment figures for 2014 are as illustrated below.

Source: Samburu East Sub-County Education Office

S/No.

Name of SchoolECD Enrolment Primary School Enrolment

Grand TotalBoys Girls Total Boys Girls Totali. Oldonyiro primary 29 31 60 301 287 588 648ii. Lobarishereki primary 63 44 107 203 195 398 505

iii. Raap primary 21 16 37 77 52 129 166iv. Rumate primary 15 11 26 34 22 56 82



v. Parkuruk primary 34 25 59 77 48 125 184vi. Tuale primary 16 14 30 98 72 170 200

vii. Kipsing primary 53 42 95 198 144 342 437viii. Lengwenyi primary 11 08 19 65 33 98 117

ix. Longopito primary 32 25 57 29 22 51 108x. Ndugu Zangu primary 22 15 37 124 97 221 258

xi. Parkishon primary 21 11 32 22 18 50 82xii. Kawalash Primary 25 19 44 21 18 39 93

xiii. Nooloroi primary 21 17 38 75 48xiv. Oldonyiro Secondary School - - 115 86 201 201xv. Kipsing Secondary School - - 86 67 153 153

Total 383 278 661 1525 1209 2734 3395

1.2.3 Market PlacesThe ward has two markets namely Kipsing and Oldonyiro. Pastoralists use these markets to sell their livestock and buy commodities like cereals, livestock drugs and clothes.

1.2.3 Health FacilitiesThere are two health centres and two dispensaries in the Ward, namely: Oldonyiro, Kipsing and Tuale and Labarishereki respectively. There is one private health centre namely Narrapu. Though the facilities have few practitioners, there are adequate drugs to meet health challenges presented at the facilities. The main challenge is community preferring traditional health intervention and only resorting to dispensaries as a last resort. However, this is being addressed through medical outreaches, though still on a small scale.

1.2.4 Police PostsThe Ward has one regular police and AP units in Oldonyiro centre, on and GSU camp in Kipsing.

1.2.5. Water sourcesThough the Ward has a number of water sources, the Ward is still water deficit. Among the water sources in the area include:

Three rock catchments- Mokori, Lenguruma and Kawalash 1 water pipeline from Ewaso- Nyiro to Oldonyiro. 30 sand dams 3 boreholes. 2 shallow wells with hand pumps but are not functioning. 14 water pans Roof catchment, especially in institutions



Sand dams and pans are mainly located in the grazing fields and centres. Water is still a challenge as during drought most areas of the ward are supported with fuel subsidy and water trucking to institutions such as schools and dispensaries.

1.2.6 Strategic Grazing AreasOldonyiro Ward has the following grazing areas strategic to the livelihoods of the community. They include the following areas:

i. Parkishonii. Lchurai

iii. Lekurukiiv. Nalare

Other important areas likely to receive large number of livestock include: Crocodile jaws (Nolkinyang’ )and areas around Kunancho bridge



2.0 Context Analysis

2.1 Livelihood ZonesOldonyiro Ward is composed of one livelihood zone namely pastoral, where the community rears livestock (Camels, Cattle and Shoats). The Ward has a diverse flora and fauna, which are attractive for tourists. The ward has camp sites and community wildlife conservancies which attract tourists.

2.2 Drought Vulnerability and Coping Capacities

AREA OF ANALYSIS

VULNERABILITY CAPACITY/OPPORTUNITIES

Physical vulnerabilities

Existence of hilly and low grass cover in the Ward predisposes the Ward to environmental degradation during drought periods

Widespread/chronic food shortage due to lack of appropriate preparedness

Existence of devolved governance and community conservancies to plan and implement ward and inter-county programmes on resource sharing, joint disease control measures, peace building and conflict resolution activities, etc.

Existence of large underutilized tracks of land, permanent water sources such as Ewaso Ny’iro River, and other seasonal rivers and valleys (‘laggas’) that can be harnessed for large scale irrigation.

With existence of Oldonyiro and Kipsing livestock markets where foodstuffs and livestock products are supplied, communities require training on how to take advantage of seasonal food price variation as they exchange livestock for food. e.g.purchasing household’s annual food requirement when food prices are least as per drought cycle.

With the existence of Ewaso- Nyiro –Oldonyiro water pipeline and NIB planned two phase



irrigation projects in Oldonyiro area will enable community diversify livelihood and increase food production and hence nutritional status improved.

Technical vulnerabilities

Inadequate infrastructural development such as roads, mobile phone network to effectively prevent and manage impacts of drought and related hazards

Existence of devolved governance, development partners and well-wishers who supports DRR and CCA programmes

Economic Limited livelihood diversification predisposes the community to great losses in livelihood asset living them with limited capacity for self-recovery.

Limited access to credit facilities to support livelihood development and diversification.

There is potential for livelihood diversification in areas of irrigated farming, livestock breed improvement and diversification, business, etc

Existence of financial institutions agents (KCB, Equity Bank) in the Ward and other low interest government credit facilities such as Uwezo Fund, Women Enterprise Fund whose officials are available in the Ward

The existence of weekly Oldonyiro and Kipsing livestock market increases trade.

Political Historical marginalization of the county since independence and even after devolution of governance in Kenya, low investment in the foundation for development (infrastructure, services, etc) seems to be sustained especially in far flung areas of the Ward, increasing vulnerability to drought and related hazards

Local governance system and institutions seems to have low goodwill to pursue justice

Devolution to enhance political participation of citizens

Implementation of EDE to provide investment in infrastructure and services.

The existence of Isiolo climate adaptation fund (ICAF) under the climate change adaptation project and existence of Isiolo climate change adaptation bill

Existence of socially respected community elders e.g. the dedhas to legislate binding by-



especially in matters relating rustling and conflict cases

laws at community level to eradicate various vices in the community

Cultural and belief patterns

Ethnocentrism and clanism has compromised efforts to deal with rustling as each community tend to protect their own suspects.

Community’s social attachment to livestock as the only measure of measure of wealth has led to maintenance of unsustainable large livestock herd with dire consequences to the environment. This attachment to livestock has also hampered voluntary destocking, even for worthy cause such as selling in preparedness to deal with drought impacts such as increased food prices and disease management.

The belief that pasture is God given and that man has no control or responsibility over its management has led to poor management of this resource and limited efforts in its conservation in building resilience

High dependence on external aid

Presence of Department of Culture, Gender and Social services to address underlying social issues

Promote education standards of the community and awareness on disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation

Support awareness on DRR and climate change adaptation at household level

Existence of council of elders to address social as well as security issues.

Institutional Inadequate integration of DRR and Climate change Adaptation by various institutions

Limited funding to some institutions to address pertinent community issues

Poor management in key community institutions that manage and coordinate core community activities and resources.

Establishment of NDMA to champion adoption of DRR and CCA measures by all development partners and communities

Existence of devolved government to ensure adequate resources are channeled to priority areas of the community

Existence of ending drought emergencies (EDE) strategy



Though the community has early warning (EW) information, there is low synthesis into risk scenarios and how to take advantage of different scenarios at household and community level

The presence of two drought monitors in the ward who collect EWS data on monthly basis.

2.3 Seasonal CalendarThe Ward experiences two rainfall seasons, the Long rains and the short rains. Long rains occurs in April to May while the short rains normally fall in late October to December with the short rains being most pronounced and therefore more reliable than the long rains. Therefore, productivity in terms of milk output, meat and livestock prices is highest during the mentioned months. Hunger periods mostly occur during the months of July to October, when productivity is low due to dry spell.

2.5 Livestock Migratory Patterns

For ease of description, livestock migration patterns in Oldonyiro Ward can be categorized into two sections based on where livestock comes from. These are livestock from Kipsing, Oldonyiro

i. Kipsing livestock

Livestock from Kipsing migrate to Ngarendare, to Mulango to Lowa Longichu where they meet with livestock from Isiolo central and Burat locations. From this point all the livestock migrate to Lare soro and Loosesia. Some also migrate to Nesarge into Laikipia hills.

ii. Oldonyiro Livestock

In seasons when pasture and water availability is fair, these livestock may migrate to Lchurai and back to manyattas. However, when drought situation is worsening, livestock migrate from Nalare and Parkishon- Naturatur. But when this is over the migrate to

a) To Lpingwan, Karachira, Sukutan Rumurutib) To Poyce Robo, Ireri to Mt. Kenya.

During droughts some pastoralist hire private ranchers farms and pay on monthly basis for grazing their livestock



2.6 Wealth Breakdown and Income SourcesAnalysis of wealth ranking in Oldonyiro Ward is indicated as below

2.6.1 Kipsing location

Household Type

% of Household Type

Characteristics Sources of income Average income (Kshs.)

Very Poor 40% The Household does not own any livestock species (i.e. cattle, camel, sheep, goats, donkeys or chicken)Cash transfer

Casual labour, mainly as livestock herder;

Charcoal burning;

Sale of fire wood

Monthly: Kshs 2,000 - 3,000

Poor 30% The HH owns the following livestock at most: Cattle- up to 5 Sheep- up to

10 Goats- up to 5

However, the HH doesn’t have camels or Donkeys

Casual labour Sales of own

livestock

Kshs 3000-6000)

Middle Class

25% The HH owns the following assets: Cattle-6 - 35 Sheep-11 - 60 Goat-6 - 50 Donkey- up

to 10 Camels-less

than 5

Stable employment

Sale of livestock,

Own small size business

Kshs 5,000 – 50,000

Rich 5% Cattle-over 35, Sheep-over 60, Goat-over 50, donkey – over 10

Stable employment, Sales of livestock,

Kshs 50,001 and above.



2.6.2 Oldonyiro Location

Type of Household

% of Household Type

Source of Income

Characteristics Average Monthly income

Very Poor 30% -Sale charcoal, -Casual employmentBegging/paran-Cash transfers

-Chicken 0-4-Shelter-temporary-can afford up to 30% of food requirement - no other livestock owned

2,000-3,000

Poor 20% -Sales of charcoal, -Casual employment-cash transfers-Begging-Chang’aa brewing/busaa

-Has shelter but temporary-Can afford to buy 30-50% of food requirement-can attempt to pay school fees-chicken 5-10

3,001-9,999

Middle Class 40% Stable

employment with fair salary

Businesses e.g Livestock trading, sale of curios etc

-Has at least 50-100 cattle and goats-Businesses e.g. small kiosk, motor cycles, merry go roundsend their children to schools and can afford to pay fees

10,000-50,000

Rich 5% -Businesses, which may include a business vehicle for income generation- -Can buy and sale cattle and goats-Accessing loans

-cars-Permanent buildings-Motor cycles-Cattle and goats -Rental houses-Polygamous(more than 1 wife)

Above 50,000



from banks-Merry go round etc

2.7 Sources of foodLivestock products such as meat, milk and blood constitute the main source of food especially to non-town dwellers. Households acquire these products from livestock it rears, and therefore any shock to livestock directly translates to negative impact to food security in the area. The community also sells their livestock in the two main livestock markets in the Ward to access other food items such as maize grain, maize meal, fat, sugar, among others products in their local livestock markets. Traders source these products from outside the Ward from as far areas as Nanyuki. As long as there is good supply of these products at the source, their supply in Oldonyiro Ward is assured, subject to insecurity, in which case imported food supply drops leading to increased prices.

3.0 Drought Scenarios

3.1 Water Sector Drought ScenarioAlert

At alert stage of drought the community normally accesses its water supplies from various sources including , sand dams ,shallow wells, water pans, hand pumps, boreholes, permanent river i.e. Waso Nyiro River, Ewaso- Nyiro Oldonyiro water pipeline which supplies Oldonyiro centre. During this period, water quantity accessed by the community is within normal ranges. In addition all water sources except Waso River. Distances to water sources for both human and livestock is mostly less than a kilometres as all depressions across the Ward contains water, translating to less than 3 minutes of waiting time (to fill 20 litre water Jerri-can) for both livestock and human beings at the water sources. Normally boreholes are un-used hence no breakdowns of these facilities as community access their water from more nearby depressions, sand dams ,laggas and water pans. Underground water table is normally high due to adequate water infiltration into the soil. As a result, only one man would be required to water livestock from the sand dams. In Oldonyiro centre, a 20 litres of water retails at Kshs 5.

Early AlarmAt this stage, due to extended water consumption without recharge and evaporation as a result of increased atmospheric temperatures, all water pans dries up, some sand dams may dry up also but majority will experience decreased water output due to lowered water table.sand dams and Waso River becomes the most reliable water sources for the community even though their outputs are reduced. Due to increased concentration of livestock in one water source, waiting time increases to 20 minutes per head of livestock as one water source serves more livestock and human being. Livestock watering which was only done during the day before this stage, will therefore adjust to 24 hours a day. On the other hand, those accessing water from sand dam wells will require 2-3 men to draw water to the earth surface.



Late Alarm

At this point most of the sand dams wells dry out, water pans and other depressions that normally hold water during rainy season are all dry;. Water quantity in Ewaso Nyiro River and sand dams has reduced by 60%. As a result households in Oldonyiro centre now cannot depend on the Ewaso- Nyiro Oldonyiro water pipeline but mostly depend on the sand dam near the police station. During this drought stage, distances to water points is approximately 20km and waiting time at the water source is approximately 30 minutes in reserve areas whereas in centres the distance to water points remains 1km but water availability.

Emergency Stage

At this stage, all water sources have dried except few sand dams. Despite the high temperature being experienced at this stage, both livestock and human beings can only access about 30% of their normal water supply. At this stage distance to water points and pasture ranges from 15km to 40 km.

Recovery Phase

This stage starts with seasonal rainfall onset where surface water sources such as water pans, sand dams ,water–holding natural depressions and laggas starts accumulating water. Water distances start to decrease towards normal as more surface water sources across the Ward accumulates water. As rainfall continues, underground water reserves recharges; water table rises and bore holes are on their way to normal water supply.

Livestock Sector Drought Scenario

Drought Indicators

Normal Alert Early Alarm Late Alarm Emergency Recovery

Rainfall There is timely rainfall onset (i.e. mid November and 2nd

week of March for Short rains and long rains, respectively), Normal

Only rainfall activity has stopped

Rainfall activity has stopped

Only rainfall activity has stopped

Rainfall: no rains

Rainfall activity has started



Drought Indicators


distribution, normal rainfall quantity for SR and LR.

Pasture quantity and quality

Available and of high quality and quantity

Still, pasture is available in adequate quantity and of high quality.

Quantity reduced substantially in other areas except in dry season grazing areas; pasture dried

Available quantity in dry season grazing areas reduced by over 50%

Very little pasture may be available and of very poor nutritional value.

Pasture and browse rejuvenation has started with onset of rainfall

Body condition and mortalities

Good due to plenty of pasture, water and short distances to water and pasture

Good due to plenty of pasture, water and short distances to water and pasture

Fair to poor(emaciated)

Emaciated with minimal deaths

Emaciated with widespread deaths

Improving with limited livestock deaths

Milk production

High ( 1.5 litres) due to adequate quantity and quality pasture & water and shorter distances to these resources

High due to adequate quantity and quality pasture & water and shorter distances to these resources

Reduced production (50% of lactating cows dry) due to inadequate and poor quality pasture and water

No milk production by over 80% lactating herd

No milk production

Minimal milk production but below normal.

Livestock prices

Very high (Ksh. 31,000 – Ksh. 40,000) for an average sized cattle

Very high to High prices (ksh. 26,000 – Ksh. 30,000) for an average

Low (Ksh. 16,000 – Ksh. 25,000)

Very low (Ksh. 8,000 –Ksh. 15,000)

No economic value due to severe emaciation

Very low to low prices



Drought Indicators


of about 200kg because of good body condition

size cattle of about 200kg because of good body condition

Migration Generally no migrations are reported as water and pasture are readily available

Generally no migrations are reported as water and pasture are readily available but may start migration in late alert

Minimum migration due to good pasture and water

There is high uncoordinated migrations

Minimal migration as most livestock are too weak to move

Livestock returning to their normal areas

Livestock disease

Very few because of better health although at times a few cases of foot and mouth disease (FMD) is reported

Few because of better health through at time, foot and mouth

Increased outbreak of livestock diseases such as FMD, CCPP, PPR etc due to migration(both inward and outward)

High outbreak of livestock diseases such as FMD, CCPP, PPR etc due to migration(both inward and outward)

Severe outbreak of livestock diseases such as FMD, CCPP, PPR etc due to migration(both inward and outward)

Reducing disease incidences

3.3 Education Sector Drought Scenario

Drought Indicators

Normal Alert Early Alarm

Late Alarm Emergency Recovery

Attendance 100% 100% 90% due to migration of households far from schools and

Drops to 60% due to increased migration of households far from

Drops to 30% due to further increased migration of households

School attendance starts to improve as households start migrating



inadequate food at household level

schools and inadequate food at household level

far from schools and inadequate food at household level

back to residence

Drop outs 0% 0% 10%. Attributed to long distances to schools after families migrate, inadequate food at household level, lack of school fees and increased insecurity

Increase to 40%

Increase to 70%

Reducing toward 0% as pupil/student return to school

Distance from home to schools

1-10km 1-10km 11 – 15km due to migration of households

16 – 20km >21km Starts to reduce as households return to their normal residence

Enrolment 60% 60% 50% due to migration hence longer distances to schools especially for younger pupils, food limitation at household level, insecurity, lack of

40% due to migration hence longer distances to schools especially for younger pupils, food limitation at household level, insecurity, lack of

0-5% due to migration hence longer distances to schools especially for younger pupils, food limitation at household level, insecurity,

Improves as households return to their normal residence reducing distances to schools, improved access to food and general improvement in security situation



boarding facilities

boarding facilities

lack of boarding facilities

3.4 Health Sector Drought Scenario



Drought Indicators


Eating habits

Consumes 2 meals and tea in a day

Meal composed of cereal (maize) and proteins (meat, blood mainly)

Normal food quantity eaten

Milk consumed in plenty


Meal composed of cereal (maize) and proteins (meat, blood mainly)

Adequate quantity of food eaten

Milk consumed in plenty

Consumes one meal and tea in a day

For the middle clas and rich household, meal is composed of cereal (maize) and proteins (meat, blood mainly) but for poor and very poor households full meals is porridge (composed of maize meal, water, fat and salt) for adults but with addition of milk if available for children. Alternatively the meal may be composed of plain maize, fat and salt.

Quantity of

Consumes one meal and black tea in a day

Skip meals for a day

Meal composed of cereal (maize) and fat with some households affording limited proteins (meat, blood, beans), mainly, meat.

Quantity of food eaten reduced with meat and blood most affected

Milk consumed reduced with children given priority

Many households skips entire day before taking one meal

Meal composed of cereal (maize) and fats

Quantity of food eaten reduced with meat and blood most affected

Generally no milk available for children

Consumes 1-2 meals and tea in a day

Meal composed of cereal (maize) and fat, and as drought improves proteins (meat, blood, beans), mainly, meat may be added.

food quantity eaten improves towards normal

Milk consumed improves towards normal with more household members gaining access to milk



Drought Indicators


food eaten reduced with meat and blood most affected

Milk consumed reduced with children given priority

Available meals are shared with neighbors and relatives

Households may borrow food or get food on credit from shops

MUAC (%)

Below 10% 10% -15% 15.1% - 17.5% 17.6% - 29.9%

30% and above

Below 30%


4.0 Sector Intervention Plans

4.1 Water Sector Intervention Plans

CODE PROPOSED INTERVENTION

ACTIVITIES WHEN OBJECTIVES

TIME FRAME

TRIGGER

TARGET POPULATION

AMOUNT (ksh)

ROLES & RESPONSIBILITY

Early AlertEW Phase Triggers: SPI-3month: <-1; VCI <25; Weather forecast: no significant rainfall expected in the next 3 months;

EALT 1 Provision of safe, clean and adequate water

Rehabilitation of sand dams

Repair of pipeline

Alert To provide safe clean and adequate water to vulnerable households, livestock and institutions during drought

1 month

Sources: Sand dams water pans, hand pumps, boreholes, Waso River

Target areas: Oldonyiro Kipsing, Longopito, Lolchinge, Adapal Ngorika, Other areas: LagaamanNesesiaiSatiman

Water Dept.: Identification of sand to be rehabilitated

Partners: Provide funding

Conveying of water from the pipeline in Oldonyiro centre to nearby village

Alert 1 month

Distance to water point: 1-2km

Water Dept./ Partners: Identify sites for extensionCommunity:Provision of



TIME FRAME

TRIGGER

TARGET POPULATION

AMOUNT (ksh)

ROLES & RESPONSIBILITYlabour for trench making

Appointment of water committees for the new sand dams and training of all Water Users Associations focusing on sustainability of each water source

Alert To enhance management of boreholes

1 day per sand dam

No. of men required to water livestock in sand dams: 1

New boreholes committees, Existing committee.

Community:Election of Water committeesWater Dept.: Training

Stockpiling fast moving spare parts by water committees

Alert 1 month

All boreholes and hand pumps

Water committee: Providing funds and purchases

Repair of broken down boreholes, hand pumps and other water sources and systems

Alert 1 days/bore-hole

All water sources and ystems, e.g. Namelok, Satiman and theEwaso- Nyiro - Oldonyiro

Water Dept.: Carry out major RepairsCommunity: Carry out minor repairs



TIME FRAME

TRIGGER

TARGET POPULATION

AMOUNT (ksh)


water system and Oldonyiro and Kipsing water systems

Construction of water catchment structures in strategic sites: Sand dams in

appropriate valleys

Water pans Roof

catchment in all existing institutions

Alert 1 month

Nooloroi, Lagaaman,

Community:Identification of construction sites; Provision of unskilled labour, and sandPublic Works & Water Dept.: Designing, supervision of construction

Enactment of by-laws to govern proper and sustainable utilization of water resource.

Alert 1 month

Representatives of all Water committees in the Ward

CommunityGeneration of by-lawsWater and Livestock Dept.:Provide



TIME FRAME

TRIGGER

TARGET POPULATION

AMOUNT (ksh)

ROLES & RESPONSIBILITYguidance and supervision

EALT 2 Promote household water harvesting and storage

Community training and sensitization on household water harvesting

Alert To improve access to water at household level

2 weeks


All households

Water Dept.: Training for communityCommunity:Adoption of technologies

EALT 3 Promote water treatment at community and household level.

Community training and sensitization on household water treatment

To minimize water-borne diseases


All households, Water committees

Public Health Dept.:Community trainingCommunity: Adoption of the technologies

Establishment of a system on access to water treatment chemical at household level across the Ward

To improve easy access to water treatment chemical at household level

Sources: shallow wells, water pans, hand pumps, boreholes, Waso River

Entire Ward Water committees: Ensure system establishment and implementationWater & Public Health Depts.: Guide development of systems



TIME FRAME

TRIGGER

TARGET POPULATION

AMOUNT (ksh)

ROLES & RESPONSIBILITYEnsure availability of water treatment chemicalsCommunityPurchase and utilization of water treatment chemicals at household level

ALT 4 Protection of grass cover and water catchment areas

Community sensitization on protection of water catchment areas

Late Alert

To protect grass and woodland cover and water sources from destruction by fires

1 month

Sources: Some boreholes dried, Ewaso River

Distance to water point: 30km

All mountainous areas, and water catchment areas

Community:Provide unskilled labor and securityKenya Forest Service, water committees Provision of funds, water, fire extinguishers, technical expertise and supervision



TIME FRAME

TRIGGER

TARGET POPULATION

AMOUNT (ksh)


EW PHASE:ALARMEW Phase Triggers: VCI <25; Weather forecast: no significant rainfall expected; at least two production indicators are outside normal ranges

ALM 1 Water provision to community and institutions

Provision of fuel subsidy to boreholes

Alarm To sustain access to water at household level and cushion pastoralists against price increases of water

Sources: hand pumps, boreholes, Ewaso River;


Strategic boreholes

PartnersProvision of fundsWater committeesManagement of fuel

Water trucking to vulnerable households and critical facilities like dispensaries and schools

Alarm To sustain access to water at household level

Sources: hand pumps, boreholes, Ewaso RiverDistance to water point: 20km

Vulnerable institutions and communities

PartnersProvision of fundsInstitutions Management committeesManagement of water

ALM 2 Enhanced repair of

Stockpiling fast moving spares

Alarm To ensure uninterrup

1 mont

Sources: hand

All boreholes

Water committee:



TIME FRAME

TRIGGER

TARGET POPULATION

AMOUNT (ksh)


boreholes spare parts by water committees

ted water supply

h pumps, boreholes,

Ewaso River;Distance to water point: 20km

and hand pumps

Providing funds and purchases

Repair of broken down boreholes and hand pumps and water pipeline in Oldonyiro and Kipsing centres

Alarm To ensure uninterrupted water supply

1 month


Water Dept.: Carry out major Repairs

ALM 3 Promote water treatment at community and household level.

Community training and sensitization on household water treatment

Alarm To minimize water-borne diseases

1 month

Sources:Sand dams, hand pumps, boreholes, Ewaso River;Distance to water point: 20km


Water committees: Ensure system establishment and implementationWater & Public Health Depts.: Guide development of systemsEnsure availability of water treatment chemicalsCommunity



TIME FRAME

TRIGGER

TARGET POPULATION

AMOUNT (ksh)

ROLES & RESPONSIBILITYPurchase and utilization of water treatment chemicals at household level

EW Phase: EmergencyEW Phase Triggers: coping strategy index, malnutrition (MUAC) and livestock mortality rates move above emergency thresholds

EMG1 Emergency water provision to community and institutions

Provision of fuel subsidies to vulnerable boreholes

Emergency

To sustain access to water at household and institutions

1 month

Sources: Some sand dams dried, Ewaso River


Strategic boreholes

Partners (Water Depart., and NGOsProvision of fundsWater committeesManagement of fuel

Water trucking to vulnerable households and institutions

Emergency

To sustain access to water at household and

1 month


Vulnerable households and institutions

PartnersProvision of fundsInstitutions Management



TIME FRAME

TRIGGER

TARGET POPULATION

AMOUNT (ksh)


institutions committeesManagement of water

EMG 2 Emergency repair of boreholes

Stockpiling spare parts by water committees

Emergency

To ensure uninterrupted water supply

1 month

Sources: Some boreholes dried, Ewaso River;



Water committee: Providing funds and purchases

Repair of broken down boreholes and hand pumps

Emergency

To ensure uninterrupted water supply

10 days

Broken down strategic boreholes and hand pumps

Water Dept.: Carry out major RepairsCommunity: provide information

EMG 3 Promote water treatment at community and household level.

Sensitization on household water treatment

Emergency

To minimize water-borne diseases

2 weeks

Sources: Some sand dams and boreholes dried, Ewaso River

Distance to water


Water committees: Ensure water is treated Water & Public Health Depts.:Ensure availability of water treatment chemicals



TIME FRAME

TRIGGER

TARGET POPULATION

AMOUNT (ksh)


point: 40km

CommunityUtilization of water treatment chemicals at household level

EW PHASE: RECOVERYEW Phase Triggers: VCI-3month: above 50; Recovery starts after the end of drought as signaled by the environmental indicators returning to seasonal norms;

REC 1 Rehabilitation/ construction roof catchment system for institutions

Identification of institutions requiring roof catchment system construction and/or rehabilitation

Recovery

To facilitate rain water harvesting

Timely rainfall onset with normal quantity

All institutions

Community and Partners : identify the institutions

Rehabilitation and construction of roof catchment systems for institutions


All institutions

Partners: provision of funds Community: provision of unskilled labor

REC 2 Protection and conservation of forests and

Community training/ sensitization

recovery

To ensure optimum undergrou

1 month

Timely rainfall onset

Entire surrounding

Community:Provide unskilled



TIME FRAME

TRIGGER

TARGET POPULATION

AMOUNT (ksh)


water catchment areas

on conservation of water catchment and woodlands areas.

Fencing Construction

works Afforestation Extinguishing

of forest fires especially in water catchment areas

nd recharge

with normal quantity

community labor and securityKenya Forest Services and water Dept:Provision of funds, technical expertise, supervision and training

REC 3 Promote house hold and community water treatment

Procurement and distribution of water treatment chemicals

Recover

To minimize water borne diseases

3 months


Entire Ward population

Community: utilization of water treatment chemicalsWater committee:Ensure effective and efficient distribution of



TIME FRAME

TRIGGER

TARGET POPULATION

AMOUNT (ksh)

ROLES & RESPONSIBILITYwater treatment chemicalsPublic health Dept.: ensure supply of the chemicals

4.2 Livestock Sector Intervention Plans


ACTIVITIES WHEN OBJECTIVES TIME FRAME

TRIGGER

TARGET POPULATION

AMOUNT (ksh)



ALT 1 Support voluntary destocking

Community sensitization on voluntary destocking in every sub location targeting especially the morans aimed at diversifying

Alert To reduce herd sizeTo diversify livelihoods

6 days Adequate pasture quality and quantity; Good body conditio

20% of the livestock population

Community: to

sensitize other community members

adoption of



TRIGGER

TARGET POPULATION

AMOUNT (ksh)


livelihoods n continuous destocking

Livestock department: Sensitizati

on ALT 2 Support

livelihood diversification

Community ( both adults and youths) sensitization on livelihood diversification and practical options

Community sensitization on improved access to investment capital for business

Early Alert

To minimize overreliance on livestock hence minimizing associated risks

3 weeks

Adequate pasture quality and quantity Deterioration at late alert

Good body condition

Youths and Adults in entire Ward

Dept. of Livestock Production: Training

ALT 3 Improved Livestock Marketing

Provision of security escort to and from the major markets, especially during

Alert To protect traders from high way banditry

Throughout alert

Adequate pasture quality and

All livestock traders

Police and conservancy scouts:To provide security



TRIGGER

TARGET POPULATION

AMOUNT (ksh)


security tension quantity Deterioration at late alert

Good body condition

escort to traders LMAs:Coordinate security escort services

Improve infrastructure and operations of 2 existing livestock markets: Oldonyiro and Kipsing

Early Alert

To enhance destocking at sub location level and support major markets

1 month


1 minor markets

Community: Strategic

site identification and bush clearing

Partners: Provision

of funds

Training all Livestock Marketing Associations (LMAs) on management

Alert To enhance livestock marketing at ward level

3 days Adequate pasture quality and quantity

All LMAs Livestock department:Coordinate trainingsLMAs: Participate in



TRIGGER

TARGET POPULATION

AMOUNT (ksh)


networking and marketing skills

Deterioration at late alert

Good body condition

trainings

Linking pastoralists with better markets

Alert To improve access to better livestock markets

1 week


Good body condition

All pastoralists

LMAs: Sourcing

of markets and linking with pastoralists

Developing systems governing access to the markets

Provision of marketing subsidy

Alert To access better markets

2 weeks

Good body condition

20% of livestock population

20,000,000.00

LMAs: coordinationPartners: provide subsidy fund



TRIGGER

TARGET POPULATION

AMOUNT (ksh)


ALT 4 Support timely livestock health services

Conduct community sensitization and livestock population census by species in all sub-locations

Alert To capture accurate livestock populations by species

4 days No migration of limited at late alert

4 sub locations

Veterinary department:Community sensitizationCommunity Elders and Assistant Chiefs: Further community mobilization and capturing of livestock populationCommunity: to give

accurate livestock data

Conduct routine livestock disease surveillance

Alert To timely identify any disease out breaks

Routine

Rainfall ceased; No migration of limited at late

4 sub locations

Veterinary department: time

response to raised alerts

community: to provide



TRIGGER

TARGET POPULATION

AMOUNT (ksh)


alert disease outbreak information

Timely development of livestock treatment/ vaccination and publicity program in consultation with village elders and Assistant Chiefs

Alert To develop program that is acceptable by all stakeholders

1 day Rainfall ceased; No migration of limited at late alert

Elders, Assistant Chiefs

Veterinary Dept.: Coordination roleElders and Assistant Chief: Develop

the programme with venues and livestock populations.

Publicity Construction of temporary strategic livestock crushes as per agreed vaccination program

Late Alert

To restrain livestock during vaccination exercise

1 week

Start of deterioration of pasture quantity and

As per the vaccination program

Community: provision of materials and construction of crushes Elders: to coordinate



TRIGGER

TARGET POPULATION

AMOUNT (ksh)


quality crushes construction

Procurement of drugs and vaccines and vaccination/treatment of livestock against FMD, PPR,CCPP, Anaplasmosis.

Alert To vaccinate livestock against diseases

1 month

No migration of livestock or limited migrations reported

100% Veterinary Dept.: procurement of vaccines and vaccinationPartners:Provision of funds, procurement of vaccines and drugsCommunity: to present all livestock for vaccination exercise

ALT 5 Support improved management and access to pasture by pastoralists

Conduct linkage meetings between pastoralists and pasture producers and conservancies

Early Alert

To improve access to livestock feeds during alarm and emergency periods

1 week

Adequate pasture quality and quantity

No migration of

Representatives of grazing committees, pasture producers and conservancies

Livestock department: coordinate the exercise



TRIGGER

TARGET POPULATION

AMOUNT (ksh)


limited at late alert

Development and documentation of grazing plans by the community

Early Alert

To ensure coordinate utilization of standing hay by both local and in-migrant pastoralists

1 week


No migration of limited at late alert

DRR committees members from all sub locations

DRR committee members:Development of grazing plans and related by-laws

Dissemination of meetings’ deliberations between pastoralists and pasture producers and conservancies to communities and grazing plans to both in-migrant pastoralists and locals.

Late Alert

To inform communities on the deliberations

1 month


No migration of limited at late alert

General population in all 6 sub locations

Grazing committee: Dissemination of deliberationsLivestock dept.: coordinate the exercise



TRIGGER

TARGET POPULATION

AMOUNT (ksh)



ALM 1 Provision of supplementary feeds to core breeding stock/lactating and calves left at home

Community sensitization, beneficiaries identification and validation

Early to late Alarm

To sustain livestock lives throughout drought period

4 days Pasture quality and quantity reduced substantially; Fair to poor (emaciated) body condition


Livestock Department & Community Elders: Sensitizati

on and Coordination

Community:Production of genuine beneficiary list and validation

Procurement of supplementary feeds

Alarm To sustain livestock lives throughout drought period

1 month

Emaciated livestock body condition


Partners:Provision of funds

Distribution of Supplementary feeds to

Early to Late Alarm

To sustain livestock lives

2 weeks

Emaciated livestoc

Identified beneficiaries

Livestock Dept.:Supervision



TRIGGER

TARGET POPULATION

AMOUNT (ksh)


beneficiaries throughout drought period

k body condition

and coordinationCommunity:Distribution to beneficiaries

Slaughter Destocking

Publicity Late Alarm

To save human lives;

6 days Livestock emaciated with minimal deaths

Entire ward population

Livestock Dept/Asst Chiefs/Administrators:CoordinationPublicize the exercise

Identification of beneficiaries and livestock for slaughter

Late Alarm



40% of human population30% of livestock (targeting weak ones)

Livestock Dept/Assistant Chiefs/ Administrators:Coordination and supervision

Identification of slaughter sites

Late Alarm



Every Sub location, depending on distribution of beneficiarie

Public Health: Inspection and approvalCommunity/ Livestock Dept.: Identification



TRIGGER

TARGET POPULATION

AMOUNT (ksh)


s of sitesFacilitate procurement and slaughter of livestock

Late Alarm


3 week

Livestock emaciated with minimal deaths

Weak livestock(30% of livestock)


Promote livestock health

Procurement of livestock vaccines

Community sensitization and identification of vaccination sites

Construct temporary crushes

Vaccination of livestock

Early to Late Alarm

To protect livestock from contagious diseases

1 week

Livestock emaciated with minimal deaths

70% of livestock

Veterinary Dept: Technical expertiseCommunity: generate vaccination program, livestock statistics, construct temporary crushes and avail livestock to agrees vaccination centres




TRIGGER

TARGET POPULATION

AMOUNT (ksh)


EMG 1 Up-scaling Slaughter Destocking

Up-scaling identification of beneficiaries and livestock for slaughter

Late Alarm


1 week

Livestock emaciated with widespread deaths

80% of human population

Up-scaling Slaughter Destocking

Up-scaling identification of beneficiaries and livestock for slaughter

Facilitate procurement and slaughter of livestock


1 month


Weak livestock(60% of livestock)


EMG 2 Upscale provision of supplementary feeds to core breeding stock/lactating and calves left at home

Community sensitization, beneficiaries identification and validation

Emergency


5 days Livestock emaciated with widespread deaths


Livestock Department & Community Elders: Sensitizati

on and Coordination

Community:Production of



TRIGGER

TARGET POPULATION

AMOUNT (ksh)

ROLES & RESPONSIBILITYgenuine beneficiary list and validation

Procurement of supplementary feeds

Emergency


1 month




Distribution of Supplementary feeds to beneficiaries

Emergency


2 weeks



Livestock Dept.:Supervision and coordinationCommunity:Distribution to beneficiaries


REC 1 Livestock Restocking to community members who lost livestock

Beneficiary identification

Procurement of stock(at least 10 goats

Recovery

To reinstate livelihoods of drought affected households

1 month

Onset of rainfall with widespread

40% of Households

Livestock Dept./Asst. Chiefs/Administrators/NGOs/CBOs:



TRIGGER

TARGET POPULATION

AMOUNT (ksh)


from drought per household)

Distribution of livestock to identified beneficiaries

Training of beneficiaries on proper livestock management

pasture rejuvenation

Coordination and supervision, training, provision of fundsCommunityDistribution and record keeping

REC 2 Rehabilitation of strategic grazing areas and rangeland improvement

Community mobilization and identification of strategic grazing areas for rehabilitation

Recovery

To restore depleted forage in strategic grazing areas

1 day Onset of rainfall with widespread pasture rejuvenation

All strategic grazing areas

CommunityIdentify grazing areas for rehabilitation

Procurement of pasture seeds

Early Recovery

To facilitate pasture reseeding

1 month

Onset of rainfall with widespread pasture rejuven

All strategic grazing areas

PartnersProvision of funds



TRIGGER

TARGET POPULATION

AMOUNT (ksh)


ation

Community training on pasture reseeding and reseeding exercise

Early recovery

To enhance community capacity and improve pasture cover

1 month

Onset of rainfall with widespread pasture rejuvenation

Entire community and strategic grazing areas

Livestock Dept.: Community training, Supervision and coordinationCommunity:Pasture reseeding

REC 3 Breed improvement

Promote upgrading of local cattle, goats, camel and sheep for improved meat productivity

Early recovery

To improve livestock productivity by species

Entire Recovery and Normal stage

Onset of rainfall with widespread pasture rejuvenation

All households

Livestock Dept. and Partners: Provision of funds, Training, technical advice on sourcing breedsCommunity: Management of livestock

REC 3 Promote livelihood diversification

Promote adoption of commercial dairy cattle crosses,

Early Recovery

To reduce over-reliance on livestock livelihood

1 month

Onset of rainfall with

Entire Ward Livestock Dept. and Partners: Provision of



TRIGGER

TARGET POPULATION

AMOUNT (ksh)


poultry farming etc

and related impacts

widespread pasture rejuvenation

funds, Training and , technical advice Community: Management of livestock

4.3 Education Sector Intervention Plans



TRIGGER TARGET POPULATION

AMOUNT (ksh)



ALT Support retention of pupils and students in schools

Identification of a strategic boarding school in each sub-location

Construction and equipping of a strategic primary school boarding facility in each sub location

Early Alert

To support pupil and students retention in schools during migration of livestock and households

1 month

Attendance: 100%;

Drop out: 0%;

Distance to schools: 1-10km;

Enrolment:

6 primary schools( 1 in each sub-location) and 1 Secondary School

Ministry of Education:

Register all boarding schools

Constitute Central bursary allocation committee




AMOUNT (ksh)


Registration of all boarding schools by Ministry of Education

Establishment of a central fee bursary management committee for the Ward through which all bursary providers and beneficiaries link for equity.

60% County Government/ CDF/VSF/Kenya Red Cross Society/Churches and well wishers:

Provision of funds or assets

Community

Identification of strategic potential boarding schools and enrolling children in schools


ALM 1

Support retention of pupils and students in schools

Assessment of enrolment in schools to guide to inform appropriate response

Community sensitization on

Alarm To support pupil and students retention in schools during migration

Alarm Attendance: 90-60%;

Drop out: 10-40%;

Distance to schools: 11-

primary schools ( 1 in each sub-location) and 2 Secondary School




AMOUNT (ksh)


appropriate response plans in place through local FM, religious institutions and barazas.

Procurement and delivery of adequate food items to schools based on enrolment assessment

Provision of temporary classroom shelters in schools receiving migrating students/pupils

Transportation of desks to the identified strategic schools

Provision of adequate food to schools, including ECDs to cater for both students and non-students

Provision of school

of livestock and households

20km;

Enrolment: 50-40%




AMOUNT (ksh)


fees bursary to both secondary school and college/university students

Provision of mobile teaching services to both school going pupils and adult learners

Support school feeding program during school vacations


Support ongoing and up scaling of retention of students and pupils in schools initiatives

Assessment to monitor general welfare of schools, students and pupils

Upscale provision of food to schools

Upscale availability of adequate boarding facilities in strategic schools

Upscale provision of

Attendance: 30%;

Drop out: 70%;

Distance to schools: above 20km;

Enrolment:





AMOUNT (ksh)


temporary classroom shelters in schools receiving migrating students/pupils

Transportation of desks to the identified strategic schools

Upscale bursary provision to students rendered vulnerable by drought.

0-5%


REC 1 Assessment to monitor general welfare of schools, students and pupils

Downscale provision of food to schools

Downscale availability of boarding facilities in strategic schools

Early Recovery

To ensure learning is brought back to normal

2 months

Attendance: 30%;

Drop out: decreasing f from 70-0%;

Distance to schools: Reducing from over


Ministry of education:

Conduct assessment and advise on necessary measures

Stakeholders:




AMOUNT (ksh)


Downscale bursary provision to students rendered vulnerable by drought.

Provision of school uniform to drought vulnerable new students

Transportation of desks to their original schools

Construction of adequate teachers quarters in every school

Fencing of school compounds

21km towards 1-10km;

Enrolment: improvement from 0-5% towards 60%(normal)

Provision of funds

4.4 Health and Nutrition Intervention Plans

Code Proposed intervention

Activities When Objectives Timeframe

Trigger Target population

Cost (Ksh) Define roles and responsibility

EW PHASE: ALERTEW Phase Triggers: SPI-3month: <-1; VCI <25; Weather forecast: no significant rainfall expected in the next 3 months;





ALT 1 Undertake regular scaling disease surveillance

Monthly reporting of Diseases and condition: Diarrhoea, eye problems, URTIs, etc

Early Alert

To monitor abnormal disease patterns to inform appropriate response

Monthly Consumes 2 meals composed of cereal and protein (meat and blood) and tea a day

Milk plenty in diet of all age groups

Entire population

MoH/NGOsDisease surveillance in the hotspots- Provide funds for the interventionto be carried during early alert onlyCommunity: report disease incidences

ALT 2 Upscale outreaches to all sub-locations to at least once a month

Upscale immunization of children below five years

Screening. Stockpiling

of nutritional food supplementation to

Late Alert

Boost immunization indicators To improve nutrition status.To reduce morbidity and mortality by 50% of the affected population.

Throughout the Alert phase

10% GAM rates; Consumes 2 meals composed of cereal and protein (meat and blood) and tea a day

Milk

35.57% 1,250,000 Community role Establish

support groups e.g. mother-to-mother support groups

Strengthen the existing support groups.

Report





malnourished children

IMAM services

Treatment and management of cases.

Management of the elderly and those with chronic illness

plenty in diet of all age groups

disease incidences

MOH/ACF Funding Disease

surveillance Technical

expertise

ALT 3 Health promotion on water and sanitation in health hotspots (Rumate, Nooloroi, Nantudu, Mokori, Lenguruma

Conduct Participatory Hygiene And Sanitation Transformation (PHAST)

Supply of aqua-tabs,

Late Alert

To improve water and sanitation status

6 days GAM rate: 10%;

Consumes 2 meals composed of cereal and protein (meat and blood) and

Entire population

MOH/IMC/AMURT Funding Technical

expertise





and Ngarendare)

chlorine crystals to the hotspots

Support public/shared toilet in a group of manyatta

tea a day

Milk plenty in diet of all age groups

EW PHASE: EARLY ALARMEW Phase Triggers: VCI <25; Weather forecast: no significant rainfall expected; at least two production indicators are outside normal rangesALM 1

Nutritional foods supplementation

Identification of beneficiaries (both children and adults)

Distribution of nutritional supplementation

Early and late Alarm

To improve health status of malnutrition people

Throughout Alarm stage

Consumes 1 meal a day composed of very viscous porridge (composed of maize meal, water, fat and salt) Milk may only be added to children’s diet

20% at early alarm; 40% at late alarm

MOH/IMC:Identification of beneficiaries; funding





subject its availability. Alternatively the meal may be composed of boiled plain maize grains, fat and salt;Skipping of mealsGAM:15.1% - 17.5%

ALM 2

Provision of mobile clinics/ambulance services

Identification of vulnerable areas requiring mobile health services

Conduct comprehensive regular


To improve access to health services in far to reach areas during alarm drought stage

Throughout Alarm stage

Consumes 1 meal a day composed of very viscous porridge (composed of maize meal, water, fat and salt) Milk may

All far to reach areas

MOH/IMC:Identification of sites; provision of funds; provision technical expertise





mobile health services too far to reach areas focusing on de-worming, immunizations, and vitamin A supplementation.

only be added to children’s diet subject its availability. Alternatively the meal may be composed of boiled plain maize grains, fat and salt.

Upscale water and sanitation promotion

Community sensitization on proper human waste disposal (Community Led Total Sanitation-CLTS-


To reduce water related diseases

12 days Consumes 1 meal a day composed of very viscous porridge (composed of maize meal, water, fat and salt) Milk may

Entire population

MOH/ACF:Identification of sites; provision of funds; provision technical expertise





activities) Treatment

and capacity building on water treatment technologies

Procure and distribute water treatment chemicals

Purchase of one delaque lab for water testing

Equipping of a Cholera Kit for chemoprophylaxis

Provision of

only be added to children’s diet subject its availability. Alternatively the meal may be composed of boiled plain maize grains, fat and salt.





sanitary towels to vulnerable girls

EMERGENCYEW Phase Triggers: Coping strategy index, malnutrition (MUAC) and livestock mortality rates move above emergency thresholdsEMG 1

Up-scaling nutritional supplementation for under-fives,Pregnant & Lactating mothers and the elderly

Identification of most vulnerable beneficiary households

Distribution of nutritional supplements and other food items.

Identification of feeding centres

Beginning of the Emergency Phase

Ensure improved nutrition status and to prevent deaths related to malnutrition.

Throughout emergency period

>60% skip meals;MUAC: <115

80% of under-fives,Pregnant & Lactating mothers and the elderly

4,355,500 Community role: - Provide

information to aid identification of beneficiary households with view to reaching all the most vulnerable

MOH/ACF:- Provision

expertise- Funds

EMG 2

Upscale provision of non-food items for sanitation and water borne

Provision of water treatment chemicals.

Provision of sanitary towels to

Throughout the Emergency phase

To reduce incidences communicable and water borne diseases.

Duration of the Emergency Phase

>60% skip meals;MUAC: <115

80% of teenage girls 80% of households

Community role: Identification of

beneficiaries Identify the

supply sites for NFIs

MOH/partners:





diseases control

girls Funding Publicity. Distribution of

suppliesEMG 4

Upscale mobile clinic services targeting interior areas that have no access to medical services

Support medical outreaches

Referrals of cases requiring specialized care

Provision of ambulance services

Throughout the Emergency phase

To minimize/reduce mortality cases

Emergency into early Recovery

One reported case of diarrhoea

All inaccessible areas

MOH/ACF: Provide

ambulance services

Technical expertise

Funding

EW PHASE: RECOVERYVCI-3month: above 50; Recovery starts after the end of drought as signaled by the environmental indicators returning to seasonal norms;REC 1

Upscale health outreaches

Nutritional /food supplementation

IMAM services

Health promotio

Early recovery phase

Boost immunization indicators To improve nutrition status. To reduce morbidity

Throughout the recovery phase


35.57% 6,122,500 Community role: Strengthen

disease control commitments

Observe improved health

Participate in





n: Water treatment technologies, health and nutrition trainings, hygiene and sanitation trainings,

Treatment and management of cases.

and mortality by 50% of the affected population.

early detection and referral of cases.

Report disease incidence

MOH/Partners Provision

vaccines and facilitation for vaccination

Disease surveillance and reporting

To provide human resources

Minimize malaria prevalence

Community training on malaria prevention and control emphasizing on seeking treatment

Early Recovery i.e at onset of rainfall

To reduce malaria prevalence

1 month Rainfall onset

Entire population

MOH/ACF Provision of

funding Provide

technical expertise





in health centres

Improved supply and access to malaria chemoprophylaxis

Purchase rapid malaria test kits for use by CHWs

Procurement and distribution of mosquito nets to vulnerable people (elderly, expectant and lactating mothers





and children under 5 years).

4.5 Peace and Security Sector Intervention Plans

Code

Proposed intervention

Activities When Objectives Time frame


Amount (ksh)

Roles and responsibility

EW PHASE: ALERTEW Phase Triggers: SPI-3month: <-1; VCI <25; Weather forecast: no significant rainfall expected in the next 3 months;ALT 1

Strengthening of peace committees

Reconstitution of peace committees to comprise of men, women and youth (morans) who are of high standing and respected by the community

Early Alert to Late Alert

To ensure inclusivity in membership to ensure information is effectively disseminated across all community groups

1 day All water sources operational; Adequate pasture of good quality

Entire community

Community:Participating in reconstitution meetingAdministrators: Coordinating the meetings

Code




Amount (ksh)


Training of peace committee members from sub locations


To enhance their capacity to spearhead peace and security efforts in the community

2 days All water sources operational; Adequate pasture of good quality

All peace committee members

Administrators: Organize the training

Conduct regular meetings on peace issues on of resource sharing prior to migration with representatives of communities migrating to, and thereafter disseminating deliberations to general community


To create a common understanding between migrating community and the host community

1 day per site

All water sources operational; Adequate pasture of good quality

Peace committee members from both communities;Entire community

Peace Committees:Conduct meetings;Dissemination of deliberations to community.Community:Abide by deliberations reached.

ALT 2

Development of peace treaties with neighbors

Conduct meetings with neighbours and visitors to sign binding treaties


To ensure peaceful coexistence in sharing of pasture and

3 months

All water sources operational; Adequate

All communities who use Oldonyiro Ward as

Administrators (County Government and National Government

Code




Amount (ksh)


and visitors in search of water and pasture

on maintenance of peace

Community sensitization on agreed peace treaties and importance of adherence.

Full enforcement of peace treaties

water resources

pasture of good quality

their dry season grazing area: communities from Samburu county

Officials):Facilitate the meetings and witness signing of peace treaties.DRR committee:Lead negotiation process

Promote peaceful return or surrender of stolen livestock

Identify accurate number of stolen livestock by species and any other relevant characteristics

Negotiations on return of stolen livestock by community elders from both affected communities


To ensure return of stolen herd without retaliatory attacks

2 weeks

Any reported case of livestock rustling

All affected communities

DRR committee:Collection of accurate livestock statistics; Negotiate with the other committee for return or surrender of stolen livestock Administrators (County

Code




Amount (ksh)


Government and National Government Officials):Facilitate negotiation process by the community elders as appropriate



ALM, REC

Enhance peaceful coexistence in dry season grazing areas

The young Peace committee members to accompany the migrating livestock

Provide security in insecurity prone dry season grazing areas

Alarm and recovery

To ensure peaceful resource sharing and coexistence in dry season grazing area

3 months

Onset of migrations to far dry season grazing areas

Morans migrating with livestock;Community elders and general community members

Community elders and DRR committee: Sensitize morans and general community against rustling;

Code




Amount (ksh)


Upscale sensitization on peace treaty adherence by both the community, neighbors and visitors seeking pasture and water

Full enforcement of peace treaties

Negotiate return of stolen livestock

Provision of mobility to track stolen stock

parents to not to accept stolen livestock into their manyattas: enforcement of peace treaties;Negotiate for return of stolen livestock;County Govt, Interior Coordination: Provision of transport services and any facilitation and support required.

4.6 Social Protection: Relief Food Provision


Activities When Objectives

Time frame


Amount (ksh)


EW PHASE: Early Alarm StageEW Phase Triggers: VCI <25; Weather forecast: no significant rainfall expected; at least two production indicators are outside normal rangesEALM1

Provision of food relief

Assessment to determine relief food requirement

Distribution of relief food

Supervision/ Monitoring

Throughout early alarm stage

To provide food to vulnerable households to save lives and livelihoods

Throughout early alarm stage

High migrations

Hunger – no milk at household-no normal meals

50% of population

Community Identificati

on of beneficiaries

Govt. Donors Provision

of funds for distribution

EW PHASE: Late Alarm StageEW Phase Triggers: VCI <25; no significant rainfall expected ; In addition to two production indicators, at least two access indicators (impact on market and access to food and water) are outside the normal rangesLALM1

Provision of food

Distribution of relief

Beginning of late

Supply food to

Throughout late

Mass migration of

70% of populatio

Community Identificati



Time frame


Amount (ksh)


relief food alarm stage

the vulnerable house holds

alarm stage

livestock and young men

No sources of income-livestock prices very low

High malnutrition cases

Hunger – no milk at household-no normal meals

n on n of beneficiaries

County Govt. Provision


WFP/GOK/AAK

EW PHASE: EMERGENCYEW Phase Triggers: coping strategy index, malnutrition (MUAC) and livestock mortality rates move above emergency thresholdsEMG1 Provision

of food relief

Assessment to determine relief food requirement by elders in collaboration with Governm

Throughout emergency stage

To provide food to vulnerable households to save lives and livelihoods

Throughout emergency stage

Child mortalities.

Increased malnutrition rates.

80% of population

Community Identification of beneficiaries

County Govt. Provision




Time frame


Amount (ksh)


ent Distributi

on of relief food

Supervision/ Monitoring

WFP/GOK/AAK

5.0 Management and Coordination of CP process

5.1. Standard Operating ProceduresThis part of the contingency plan outlines the relationships between various structures from community level to the county level. Community’s operations are, on a day to day, coordinated and managed by committees specific to certain areas of operation such as peace and security, water, pasture, schools, etc. To effectively coordinate and manage drought response activities, there is established overall /umbrella committees as follows:

i. Sub-location DRR Committee for each Sub-location to coordinate operation of all specific committees in the sub-location. Its membership (maximum of 11 representatives) would be drawn strategically from the key specific committees to ensure easy flow of all DRR related information in the sub location

ii. Ward DRR Committee whose membership would be strategically drawn from all 6 Sub-Location DRR Committees to a maximum of 13 members. The main role of this committee is to coordinate and manage all DRR activities relating to the Ward. This will ensure smooth flow of DRR-related information to the Ward level.

iii. Ward Steering Group, which is a forum composed of all stakeholders operating in the Ward, including Ward DRR Committee, where they deliberate on issues affecting the Ward.

The specific role of each structure in ensuring effective implementation of the contingency plan is as indicated below.

1. Specific Committees (Pipeline water committees, Dispensary, School, LMA, relief committees etc) Monthly development drought status, trends and recommendation based on their specific areas of operation Monthly Reporting of trends/detailed recommendations to Sub Location DRR Committee2. Sub location DRR committee Consolidation of monthly trends and recommendations from specific committees Monthly reporting of trends and recommendation to Ward DRR committees3. Ward DRR Committee Consolidation of Monthly Ward drought status, trends and recommendation from sub-location reports Report to Ward level Stakeholders Forum (composed of technical officers from National and County Government Administrators, Heads of

key government Departments, NGOs and CBOs operating in the Ward) 4. Ward Steering Group Assessment to verify facts and for their technical input Sector specific Technical Working Groups to revise presented recommendations and thereafter develop detailed budgets Resource mobilization at Ward and identification of gaps requiring external assistance Forward the detailed response plans to Sub-County Steering Group indicating resources mobilized and the gaps5. Sub-County Steering Group Consolidation of Wards drought status reports to the Sub County Drought status report Resource mobilization at Sub County level and identification of gaps requiring external assistance Forward the detailed response plans to the County Steering Group indicating resources mobilized and the gaps6. County Steering Group Consolidate Sub County drought status to County drought status, trends and recommendations Conduct rapid assessments to verify reported fact and inform allocation of resources to meet identified financial gaps Resource mobilization to meet the gaps

ANNEX

Annex 1: Seasonal CalendarMonth Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Rainfall LR SR Cattle conception Cattle Births

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecCattle Milk Output High h i g h Low H i g h Shoat Conception Birth-Shoats Shoats' Milk Output High High

High

Livestock migration Livestock diseases FMD,PPR,CCPP, Diarrhoea, Livestock sales(L/M/H)

Low

Medi High

Prices(H/M/L) High Medi High Others: 1. Staple Purchases(H/L)

High

Low

2.Staple prices (H/L Low Medium High Low 3.Hunger period 4.Human Diseases

Key: L – LowM – MediumH - High

Annex 3: Water SourcesName Type village/Town Sub location Location Division Extraction System Energy Source

(Combi possible)Functional Status

Av. HH Served

Ewaonyiro –Oldonyiro pipeline water Tank

Water Tanks Matundae Oldonyiro Oldonyiro Oldonyiro Gravity from a turbine Turbine Functional (and in use)

1000

Name Type village/Town Sub location Location Division Extraction System Energy Source (Combi possible)

Functional Status

Av. HH Served

Mokori, Lenguruma and kawalash Rock Catchments

Rock Catchment Nolmurgusian

Nolmotonyi

Kawalash

Lenguruma

Kipsing

Lenguruma

Kipsing

Oldonyiro Hand manual Hand (manual) Functional (and in use)

200

Oldonyiro Borehole Borehole Oldonyiro Oldonyiro Oldonyiro Oldonyiro Submersible pump Diesel Functional (and in use)

500

Raap borehole Borehole Raap Oldonyiro Oldonyiro Oldonyiro Submersible pump solar Non-functional 300

Kipsing borehole Borehole Kipsing Kipsing Kipsing Oldonyiro Submersible pump Diesel Functional and in use

500

14 water Pan Pans Labarishereki

Matundae

Parkuruk

Rumate

Nantudu

Mlimatatu

Tuale

Lagaaman

Lenguruma

Mokori

Kawalash

Lengwenyi

Oldonyiro

Oldonyiro

Rumate

Rumate

Tuale

Longopito

Tuale

Longopito

Lenguruma

Lenguruma

Kipsing

Kipsing

Oldonyiro

Oldonyiro

Oldonyioro

Oldonyiro

Oldonyiro

Oldonyiro

Oldonyiro

Oldonyiro

Lenguruma

Lenguruma

Kipsing

Kipsing

Oldonyiro Hand manual (e.g. rope pump, rope & bucket)

Hand (manual) Non-Functional

Non- functional

Functional and in Use

Non- functional

Functional and in use



Non- functional


200

100

200

150

250

130

80

100

200

200

187

Name Type village/Town Sub location Location Division Extraction System Energy Source (Combi possible)

Functional Status

Av. HH Served

Nooloroi Kipsing Kipsing Non functional

Functional

Functional

Non functional

Non- functional

200

Kipsing water pipeline

Sand gallery infiltration

Kipsing centre

Kipsing Kipsing Oldonyiro diesel Diesel Functional (and in use)

500

30 Sand dams All sublocations

All sublocations

All locations

Oldonyiro Manual 20 functional 2000

NB. Av. HH – Average House Holds

c

isiolo oldonyiro ward drought contingency plan 2015

Documents