Is it turquoise + fuchsia = purpleor is it

turquoise + fuchsia = blue?

Giordano B. Beretta, Nathan M. Moroney

Printing & Content Delivery LabHewlett-Packard Laboratories

Palo Alto, California

Color Imaging XVI:Displaying, Processing, Hardcopy, and Applications

San Francisco Airport, 24 – 27 January 2011

Beretta & Moroney (HP Labs) Session 5: Vision EI 2011 paper 7866-16 1 / 16

Color diagrams by scientists

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.60

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

u’

v’

Fig. 2−1: Chromaticities of the six filters

Red 304M−3E

Green 203−3E

Blue 111−3E

Green 206−3E

Beretta & Moroney (HP Labs) Session 5: Vision EI 2011 paper 7866-16 2 / 16

Color diagrams by designers

Beretta & Moroney (HP Labs) Session 5: Vision EI 2011 paper 7866-16 3 / 16

sRGB color diagram

Beretta & Moroney (HP Labs) Session 5: Vision EI 2011 paper 7866-16 4 / 16

It is 3-dimensional!

Assuming we are viewing on an sRGB display

Beretta & Moroney (HP Labs) Session 5: Vision EI 2011 paper 7866-16 5 / 16

Printer gamut

Assuming we are viewing on an sRGB display resp. print

Beretta & Moroney (HP Labs) Session 5: Vision EI 2011 paper 7866-16 6 / 16

Color theories — an abstraction

Leonardo da Vinci vs. Johannes Itten

Beretta & Moroney (HP Labs) Session 5: Vision EI 2011 paper 7866-16 7 / 16

Itten revealed

Gelb

Gelborange

Orange

Rot-orange

Rot

Rotviolett

Violett

Blauviolett

Blau

Blau-grün

Grün

Gelbgrün

It is lexical!

Beretta & Moroney (HP Labs) Session 5: Vision EI 2011 paper 7866-16 8 / 16

Color by measurement

Beretta & Moroney (HP Labs) Session 5: Vision EI 2011 paper 7866-16 9 / 16

Naming color

Beretta & Moroney (HP Labs) Session 5: Vision EI 2011 paper 7866-16 10 / 16

Validating crowd-sourcing

The calibrated lunch. Instructions:Please take a colored patch from one of the volunteers beforegetting your foodThe game consists of sitting at the table with color name closest toyour colored chipIf you have any difficulties with selecting a table please ask forhelp from anyoneThe table with closest agreement or smallest difference betweentheir color patches will win a prizeOne member of the winning table will then be eligible to win thegrand prize

Beretta & Moroney (HP Labs) Session 5: Vision EI 2011 paper 7866-16 11 / 16

Color chips given and color seating arrangement

Beretta & Moroney (HP Labs) Session 5: Vision EI 2011 paper 7866-16 12 / 16

Calibrated lunch vs. Web color centroids

CIECAM02 hue angles for 25 non-basic color terms:

y = 1.01x – 4.57 R2 = 0.99

0

90

180

270

360

0 90 180 270 360

Cal

ibra

ted

Lu

nch

Uncalibrated Web

Beretta & Moroney (HP Labs) Session 5: Vision EI 2011 paper 7866-16 13 / 16

Beyond crowd sourcing

English corpus 1800 − 2000, smoothing of 3

Beretta & Moroney (HP Labs) Session 5: Vision EI 2011 paper 7866-16 14 / 16

What is the best term for RGB = (0, 1, 1)?

English corpus 1800 − 2000, smoothing of 3

Beretta & Moroney (HP Labs) Session 5: Vision EI 2011 paper 7866-16 15 / 16

Is the term for RGB = (1, 1, 0) monolexemic?

English corpus 1800 − 2000, smoothing of 3

Beretta & Moroney (HP Labs) Session 5: Vision EI 2011 paper 7866-16 16 / 16